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1.
华龙洞遗址发现于2004年,先后于2006和2014~2017年进行了5次发掘,期间发现了若干古人类化石和大量哺乳动物化石;本文是对2014~2016年出土哺乳动物化石的初步研究成果。目前已鉴定出8目24科43种(含未定种)哺乳动物,其中以偶蹄类化石最丰富。化石保存状况较差,以碎骨为主,牙齿较少,完整骨骼更少;但骨骼上鲜见啮齿类啮咬痕迹。华龙洞动物群与南京汤山猿人遗址、和县猿人遗址及重庆盐井沟等动物群较为相似,尤其是与和县猿人遗址及南京猿人遗址动物群最为接近,主要表现在如下方面:1)都含古人类化石;2)都不含第三纪动物群的孑遗分子;3)都含有大熊猫-剑齿象动物群的主要成员(大熊猫、剑齿象、巨貘及猪獾等),同时也都含一定量的北方属种,但华龙洞含北方成分相对较少,只发现翁氏麝鼩、麝鼹、变异仓鼠、布氏毛足田鼠、棕熊、李氏野猪、葛氏斑鹿及大角鹿等,华龙洞的大角鹿是该属分布最靠南的地点;4)都含有剑齿象而不含晚更新世常见的亚洲象;5)都含有大量头后骨骼,与以含单个牙齿为主的其它南方洞穴迥然有别。从化石保存状况及属种组成判断,华龙洞堆积时代与和县猿人遗址最为接近,也是中更新世。由于遗址尚未完全暴露,其堆积性质尚不清楚;但从蝙蝠类化石判断,很可能与洞穴堆积有关。 相似文献
2.
2006年在安徽省东至县华龙洞发现了1枚人类下颌第二臼齿和2件可以拼接在一起的额骨碎片化石。根据华龙洞动物群组成及地层情况,初步确定华龙洞化石层的时代为更新世中期。本文对在华龙洞发现的人类头骨和牙齿化石的形态特征进行了观测,并与相关古人类标本进行了对比。研究发现:华龙洞人额骨和下颌臼齿都呈现出一系列常见于东亚直立人的特征。华龙洞额骨曲度较小,具有粗壮的颞线和较厚的骨壁。此外,华龙洞额骨还具有额中缝结构和扩大的额窦。华龙洞下颌第二臼齿总体显得比较粗壮。齿冠咬合面具有第五尖、第六尖和第七尖。齿冠尺寸明显大于早期现代人、现代人类和欧洲更新世中期人类,位于直立人变异范围。结合对华龙洞人类额骨和牙齿形态对比所揭示的形态特点,在华龙洞发现的人类化石可能代表着生活在更新世中期的直立人。 相似文献
3.
湖北郧西白龙洞古人类遗址初步研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
湖北省郧西县白龙洞遗址经过两次正式发掘,出土了古人类牙齿化石、石制品、骨制品等文化遗物和大量动物化石,是一处重要的古人类遗址.2007年4-5月,作者在该遗址周围进行了地质、地貌调查,并对以往发掘出土的部分动物化石和文化遗物进行了整理.同年9月,作者在白龙洞进行探察和小规模试掘,出土大量动物化石和少量石制品、骨制品等文化遗物.同时还发现可疑燃烧痕迹、动物骨骼表面痕迹以及特殊的动物化石埋藏现象等古人类活动证据.白龙洞发育于上新世沙坪组砾岩、泥晶灰岩和泥灰岩地层中,近水平状节理和裂隙为洞穴发育提供前提条件,垂直渗流为溶蚀的主要方式.白龙洞遗址属原地埋藏,动物群的组合显示中更新世早期的面貌,石英岩岩脉原料可能是导致石器工业组合显示北方石器工业面貌的原因.对遗址分布及埋藏现象的初步分析显示,白龙洞为一处多功能的古人类活动遗址. 相似文献
4.
安徽繁昌早更新世人字洞古人类活动遗址及其哺乳动物群 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
1998年,在安徽繁昌县癞痢山发现了两处洞穴、裂隙堆积。在随后两年中对其中之一的人
字洞进行了系统发掘,采集到一定数量的石制品、骨制品和属种丰富、生态习性多样的大量脊
椎动物化石。人字洞发育于三叠纪灰岩中,洞穴堆积物厚约30米,可分为上下两个堆积单元,
脊椎动物化石和古人类遗物主要产于上堆积单元。经初步研究,人字洞动物群包含67种哺乳动
物,与我国南、北方第四纪早期的其它主要动物群相比,其绝灭属、种比例更高,动物群中主
要属种的形态特征更原始,然而该动物群中真马(Equus)的出现,表明其地质时代为早更新世
早期。这一动物群具有浓郁的北方色彩,显示出更新世初期我国境内有一次明显的降温事件,促
使北方动物大规模向南迁徒,在长江以南形成东洋界和古北界动物地理区系交错带的过渡区动
物群。人字洞动物群的发现为研究我国第四纪早期动物群的特征和动物地理区系演化及古气候
环境变迁提供了重要的信息。 相似文献
5.
我国丰富的古人类遗存为研究东亚乃至全球古人类起源、迁徙和演化提供了重要的基础材料与数据。对已发表的2000多处旧石器时代古人类遗址年代学数据的整理和统计分析发现,绝大多数遗址目前仍缺少基本的年代学数据,不足20%的遗址开展过测年,仅10%左右具有相对可靠的年代学数据,只有极少数开展了多种测年方法的交叉定年。对于80多处出土古人类化石的遗址,亦过半存在明显的年代学争议。我们对一些古人类遗址中的常见各种复杂的同沉积和沉积后改造现象进行了详细分析,探讨了我国测年平台和测年队伍建设、考古发掘以及年代学采样与测年方法学等方面存在的问题,及其对遗址年代学研究的可能影响。基于此,笔者提出改善我国古人类年代学研究现状的可能措施,希望可以抛砖引玉,引发对该研究领域更多的关注和思考。 相似文献
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牛亚科动物在中国第四纪古人类遗址中十分常见,但其分类和鉴定仍存在诸多问题。南方洞穴动物群经常仅有单个牙齿保存,所以南方更新世洞穴遗址中牛亚科动物化石鉴别问题更为突出。湖北郧西白龙洞古人类遗址出土的大型牛亚科动物化石,不仅有大量单个牙齿,还有残破颅骨、角心、下颌骨及头后骨骼。白龙洞的牛亚科动物角心粗短、横截面呈背腹略扁的椭圆形;额骨上的角间隆突发育且呈拱形;顶骨从颅顶退出;枕面较圆且高;角后颅骨收缩强烈使得枕骨上部变窄,颞窝明显凹进;下颌角大于90°,下颌支向后倾斜;下颌p2的结构复杂程度介于水牛Bubalus和黄牛Bos(Bos)taurus之间。依据上述特征,可将白龙洞的大型牛亚科动物化石归入大额牛Bos(Bibos)gaurus。白龙洞是我国出土大额牛化石最为丰富的古人类遗址,为区分南方洞穴出土的牛亚科动物化石提供了重要材料。 相似文献
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白龙洞是位于鄂西北部郧西县的一处出土物丰富的古人类洞穴遗址,先后在此出土了8枚古人类牙齿化石、若干石制品和骨制品及大量哺乳动物化石。但有关白龙洞遗址的形成时间却一直存在争议,主要原因之一是动物群没有得到充分研究。基于郧西县文管所和中科院古脊椎所收藏标本,本文首次对白龙洞历年出土的哺乳动物化石进行了综合研究;研究结果表明,白龙洞动物群由32种(含未定种)哺乳动物组成,优势属种是谷氏大额牛、岩羊、野猪及各种鹿类(水鹿、斑鹿、麂、毛冠鹿);此外,还有豪猪、竹鼠、变异狼、貉、豺、猪獾、黑熊、大熊猫、中国硕鬣狗、锯齿剑齿虎、虎、豹、金猫、云豹、剑齿象、苏门犀、梅氏犀、巨貘、鬣羚及水牛等;该动物群缺乏猴类动物,并且豪猪化石也很少,这与其所处的时空位置很不相符;但总体面貌属于大熊猫-剑齿象动物群。白龙洞的大熊猫、中国硕鬣狗、猪獾、虎及巨貘的牙齿测量数值均达到或接近我国各自记录的最大值。白龙洞动物群组成与盐井沟动物群及南京猿人动物群最为接近;从动物群组合及有关属种的演化阶段来综合判断,白龙洞动物群的地质时代应当是中更新世中期。 相似文献
8.
我国早、中更新世古人类和旧石器遗址蕴含着丰富的早期人类活动和生存环境的背景信息,建立精确的遗址年代序列是分析古人类活动的基础。近二十年来,旧石器时代考古和测年研究为建立我国早期人类活动的年代框架提供了丰富的材料。本文分析了目前我国已发表的95个有独立测年数据的早、中更新世遗址,将其纳入黄土-古土壤年代框架,初步建立自200多万年至末次间冰期的古人类活动年代序列,根据它们的时空分布,进一步阐释了古人类在不同区域活动强度演变的时空特征。总体来看,这些遗址在泥河湾-周口店、秦岭山地、长江下游及长江流域以南(南方)四大区域呈现出聚集分布的特征;区域古人类活动强度主要表现在从早更新世的泥河湾-周口店、中更新世的秦岭山地、到中更新世晚期的长江中下游和南方区域的时空序列上。此外,仍有较多已发掘遗址缺少年代研究或存在测年问题,今后需要加强遗址的精确测年研究。 相似文献
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经对2002年与2004年出土于安徽芜湖金盆洞遗址的偶蹄类所做的深入研究,金盆洞遗址的偶蹄类有6个种:李氏野猪(Sus lydekkeri)、梅花鹿(Cervus(Sika)nippon)、葛氏斑鹿(Cervus(Sika)grayi)、马鹿(Cervus elaphus)、麂未定种(Muntiacussp.)及古中华野牛相似种(Bisoncf.palaeosinensis)。其中以鹿科为主,以梅花鹿和马鹿为优势种群,具有北方区动物群的特色。它们所指示的时代比和县龙潭洞动物群晚,与巢县银山巢县人动物群相当,为中更新世晚期,在古气候上处于Riss冰期。它们所处的生态环境以低矮森林为主、间有少量灌木密林及草地,当时的气候与现今的内蒙和甘肃相似。鹿属3个种的同时出现反映金盆洞遗址是史前人类汇集处理猎物的场所。 相似文献
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近一个世纪以来,随着旧石器时代考古与古人类研究的发展,我们已经获得了大量的研究材料和数据。尽管个别遗址的年代、文化性质和化石人类分析及鉴定仍有争议,但如此长时间的积累依然为构建序列性认识和思考提供了基础。目前的研究多集中在单个遗址或者区域的古人类化石、石器打制技术和气候环境背景的个案分析,对早-中更新世中国古人类演化及其与气候环境的关系尚缺乏系统探讨。本文选取过去百万年里地球气候冰期-间冰期旋回经历的两次显著转型事件:中更新世气候转型期和中布容事件作为时间节点,讨论伴随气候转型时期中国北方地区、秦岭及周边地区和中国南方地区出现的早期古人类演化特征的变化。具体从遗址分布、石器技术变化、早期人类化石特征等方面入手,尝试构建人类活动与气候环境变化的耦合关系。 相似文献
11.
TONG Haowen 《人类学学报》2018,37(02):284
The Hualong Cave was recovered in 2004, and 4 excavations have been conducted during 2006 and 2014-2016, which resulted in the discovery of several human fossils and numerous mammalian fossils. This paper is a preliminary report on the mammalian fossils unearthed during 2014-2016. Currently 43 mammalian species, including indeterminate species, belonging to 24 families and 8 orders have been identified. The fauna is dominated by artiodactyls. The majority of the fossils are bone fragments with very few gnawing marks of rodents, dental specimens are few, and complete bone is scanty. The Hualong Cave fauna is similar with those of Nanjing Man site and Hexian Man site in the following aspects: 1) With human remains; 2) Absence of relict elements of Neogene fauna; 3) Containing the common elements of Ailuropoda-Stegodon Fauna, e.g. Ailuropoda, Stegodon, Megatapirus, Bubalus and Arctonyx, on the other hand, some boreal elements were also recovered, but Hualong Cave bears no more than Crocidura wongi, Scaptochirus moschatus, Cricetulus, Lasiopodomys brandti, Ursus arctos, Sus lydekkeri, Cervus (Sika) grayi and Sinomegaceros sp., and the Sinomegaceros represents the southernmost occurrence of its kind; 4) Containing Stegodon instead of Elephas as in other Late Pleistocene fauna in southern China; 5) Containing rich postcranial bones, which is different from other cave sites which mainly bear isolated teeth specimens. Based on the faunal composition, the Hualong Cave fauna can be correlated with the fauna of Hexian Man Site, both of them should be of a Middle Pleistocene age. Because the site was not completely exposed, its character is not clear yet; but the bats fossils could be indicative of a cave site. 相似文献
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Cui Dewen;Li Yousheng 《人类学学报》1994,13(03):239
This paper reports the results of the tentative excavation of Zangshan Paleolithic cave site. It was found in the early 1986 and was tentatively excavated in September of the same year. The Paleolithic cave site is located in a hill about 30km northeast of Yingkou county at N.40°30′01″, E.122°30′35″.It is about 20m above the local ground surface and 110m above the sea level. The entrance of the cave is facing the east.<br>The excavation was undertaken in two parts: at entrance part and in central part of the cave. The deposits were divided into two parts: The upper part and lower part. In the upper part we found 8 kinds of the mammalian fossils such as Gulo sp., Myspalax aspalax (see table 4), but no stone artifacts were found. Thirteen kinds of the mammalien fossils including Macaca robustus, Equus sanmeniensis, Crocuta ultima as well as 13 stone artifacts including 2 broken artifacts, 2 bipolar cores, 1 bipolar flake, 1 half flake, 1 single side convex scraper, 1 end scraper, 2 single side straight scrapers and 1 graver were found in the lower part. They were mainly retouched on the dorsal surface and crudely trimmed by direct hammer percussion.<br>According to the deposits, artifacts characters, mammmalien fossils and paleomagnetic dating, the age of the lower part of the cave deposits could be compared to that from Loc. C of the Jinniushan sites and was dated to be of the upper stage of Middle Pleistocene and the upper part of Zangshan site to Upper Pleistocene in age. 相似文献
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辽宁营口藏山洞穴地点试掘报告 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文报道了藏洞穴地点试掘的结果。试掘地点的地层可分上、下两组:上组属晚更新统,下组属中更新统,大体与金牛山C地点下组的时代相当。在这一组中,发现了一些零星的用火遗迹和石制品。 相似文献
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FANG Ying-san 《人类学学报》2001,20(02):115
Maozhushan site, 30°39' 40”N, 118°57' 28”E, is located near Ningguo City, Anhui Prov- ince of eastern China. It lies on a hill and 25m above the river level of the Xijin River, a second tributary of the Lower Yangtze River.<br>During the first excavation in 1997, a pebble semicircle composed of more than 1100 pebbles including 154 stone artifacts was found. The human living floor is at the basal part of the reticular mottled red clay, which is 3 meters in thickness.<br>The assumed central camping is 10m long and 6m wide, it' s inner area being 19 m2, where no pebble was found.The semicircle is about 2m in width. More than 10 small rings 20 -30 cm in diameter among the body of semicircle.<br>The types of stone tools include scraper, chopper, pointed chopper, pick, and spheroid. The percentage of categories of stone artifacts is 19.5% flake, 24.7% core, 32.5% chunk, 6.5% chop- per, 5.2% scraper, 2.6% pointed chopper, 2.6% spheroid, 0.6% pick and 0.6% borer, etc.<br>The cultural layer is comparable with those of the Middle Pleistocene' s Chenshan site in Xuanzhou City.ESR dating of quartz grains assigned an age of about 0.6 mya. 相似文献
16.
Gennady F. Baryshnikov 《Geobios》2010,43(4):389
New taxonomic study of the “old collection” of Carnivora from Petralona Cave, associated to the well-known hominid skull, housed in the Geology School of the Thessaloniki Aristotle University since 1960, revealed 11 species (Canis arnensis, Lycaon lycaonoides, Vulpes praeglacialis, Ursus deningeri, U. spelaeus, U. arctos, Pliocrocuta perrieri, Pachycrocuta brevirostris, Crocuta crocuta, Panthera leo spelaea, and Felis silvestris), which are described in detail. The species composition is typical of the eastern part of the European Mediterranean and may be divided into three biostratigraphic assemblages: early Middle Pleistocene, late Middle Pleistocene and Late Pleistocene. 相似文献
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YU Zhen-long; SHI Jin-ming 《人类学学报》2004,23(02):146
The Tutang Paleolithic locality is situated at the north of Tutang Village, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province and its geographical position is 38°00′10″N, 112°25′50″E. Stratigraphically, the deposits constist of 11 layers, more than 18 meters in thickness. Twenty stone artifacts were collected from this site in 2000. The original position of the artifacts can be traced to the fifth paleosol layer.<br>Artifacts consist of flakes, cores, scrapers, chopper chopping tools, spheroids, etc. Hornfel is the most frequently used raw material. The chopper-chopping tools are the majority of the stone tools, and can be further classified into side choppers, side chopping tools and end choppers.<br>Based on the analysis of geomorphology and stratigraphy, the age of Tutang Site has been estima-ted to be the Middle Pleistocene, i. e. the Lower Paleolithic.<br>Tutang site is the first Paleolithic site discovered in north of the Taiyuan Basin. 相似文献
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WANG Yuan; QIN Da-gong; JIN Chang-zhu; PAN Wen-shi; ZHANG Ying-qi; ZHENG Jia-jian 《人类学学报》2009,28(01):73
This article describes the murid rodents from the newly discovered Gigantopithecus fauna from Sanhe Cave,Chongzuo,Guangxi. There are 7 genera and 11 species,of which 4 ( 40% ) are extinct. Systematic comparisons indicate that the murid species from Sanhe Cave are morphologically more advanced than those from the hominid site at Longgupo Cave,Wushan,but resemble those from the hominid site at Longgudong Cave,Jianshi. Paleomagnetic dating of the fossil??bearing strata in Sanhe Cave gives an age of approximately 1.2-1.6 Ma BP,i.e. the middle Lower Pleistocene. Except for a few widespread types,most murid species from Sanhe Cave belong to the Oriental faunal realm. Furthermore,almost all of them are arboreal or semi??arboreal species preferring tropical to subtropical forest or grassland environments,basically identical with the ecological characteristics reflected by megamammals from Sanhe Cave. Consequently,the local environment at that time may be inferred to have been a lush forest with a warm to hot climate. The murids discovered at Sanhe Cave represent the first record of murids in the Gigantopithecus fauna of Guangxi. This new data will help paleontologists to further interpret its ecological and environmental contexts. 相似文献