2012~2015年深圳市售转基因大豆及其产品的监测结果分析

目的 了解2012~2015年深圳市售转基因大豆及其制品的市场占有率、标识情况及发展态势。方法 在深圳各大连锁超市随机抽取大豆及其制品, 采用试剂盒法提取样品DNA, 采用实时荧光PCR的方法扩增大豆内源基因Lectin, 并扩增外源基因CaMV35S启动子和NOS终止子对样品进行定性筛查, 分析不同类别、不同年份样品的阳性率差异及变化趋势。结果 4年监测大豆及豆制品共283份, 检出阳性样品19份,总体阳性率为6.71%; 大豆样品的转基因阳性率为0; 不同年份的豆制品转基因阳性率之间存在显著性差异且有逐年上升的趋势; 所有检出的阳性样品均未按照规定标识。结论 目前深圳市场转基因大豆及其制品(大豆油除外)的市场占有率还很低, 但豆制品转基因阳性率有逐年上升的趋势。政府应该加强转基因产品的标识管理, 并加强转基因农产品的监管。     

2015~2017年深圳市场小麦及其制品中转基因成分监测与分析

目的 分析2015~2017年深圳市场小麦及其制品转基因阳性率的变化, 了解深圳市场是否存在未获授权的转基因小麦污染及其本底情况。方法 依据相关国家标准对2015~2017年期间在深圳各大超市抽取的97份小麦及其制品, 进行转基因成分检测, 评估3年来深圳市场转基因小麦及其制品转基因阳性率的变化, 并分析其变化的原因。结果 3年来共检出13份阳性小麦类样品, 小麦类样品总体阳性率为13.40%。2015~2017年, 转基因小麦及其制品转基因阳性率分别12.50%、8.11%、25.00%。不同产地、不同采样地点样品阳性率无明显差异。结论 2017年深圳市场转基因小麦及其制品转基因阳性率明显升高, 但阳性样品均为弱阳性, 提示小麦及其制品中检出的转基因阳性成分可能来源于其他转基因生物的基因污染。     

实时荧光定性聚合酶链式反应标准方法检测转基因产品的验证及应用

目的验证实验室大豆、玉米和水稻及其制品转基因检测方法,并应用于实际样品检测。方法根据GB 19495.4-2018《转基因产品检测实时荧光定性聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测方法》要求对无转基因标识的样品进行转基因成分检测。结果方法验证满意。40批次样品(大豆、玉米和水稻及其制品)中发现1批次的转基因成分检出,检出率为2.5%。结论市场中绝大部分未标示转基因成分的大豆、玉米和水稻及其制品确实未检出转基因成分,仅有极少数产品含有转基因成分,但未进行有效标识。     

2012年深圳市市售转基因番木瓜检测

对深圳市场转基因番木瓜进行筛查和品系鉴定,为评估市售转基因番木瓜的食用安全风险奠定基础,为政府监管提供依据。方法 在深圳市场随机抽取转基因番木瓜57份,采用实时荧光PCR法,运用大部分转基因植物共有的CaMV35S启动子和NOS终止子进行转基因成分筛查,对筛查出的阳性样品运用各品系特异性的引物探针进行品系鉴定。结果 57份番木瓜样品中,转基因阳性率为91.2%,其中, GMYK16-0-1品系占96.1%,华农1号品系占3.9%,未检出其他品系转基因番木瓜;超市和农产品批发市场的转基因番木瓜阳性率存在明显差异;所有转基因番木瓜均无转基因相关标识。结论 九成以上市售转基因番木瓜为未经我国农业部批准种植的转基因品系,建议政府相关部门加强对转基因番木瓜的监管。     

预包装食品中转基因成分现状分析

目的 对市售预包装食品中转基因成分状况进行抽样分析,并对转基因食品标识制度进行探讨。方法 采用GB/T 38505—2020《转基因产品通用检测方法》,以大豆加工产品、玉米加工产品、油菜加工产品、水稻加工产品、马铃薯加工产品5个转基因作物加工产品为研究对象,通过检测10个能覆盖所有商业化转基因品系的片段,同时对玉米、大豆、油菜、水稻和马铃薯5大作物的内源基因进行检测。根据扩增结果可判断样品是否含有转基因成分。结果 抽检的42种产品中,共检出6批次大豆类制品、1批次马铃薯类制品、3批次玉米类制品含有转基因成分。结论 现有的预包装食品中有一定比例产品可检出转基因成分,需要进一步严格规范食品标识制度。     

多品系混杂转基因大豆样品中复合品系的检测

摘要：目的 确认一份多品系混杂转基因大豆样品中是否含有复合性状转基因大豆。方法 采用实时荧光定性PCR方法对实验室留存的一份转基因初筛阳性大豆样品进行品系筛查检测,后分别采用单粒多靶点筛查检测和清洗后单粒多靶点筛查检测方法进行复合性状品系的确认。结果 经鉴定,该大豆样品中混杂了5种转基因大豆品系,检出复合性状转基因大豆为MON87708×MON89788品系,该品系为中国未经批准进口的转基因大豆品系。结论 鉴于目前缺乏完整的检测技术体系和技术标准,这种多品系混杂样品中掺杂未批准复合性状品系的行为非常具有隐蔽性和欺骗性,国内的农业安全监管部门和海关检疫部门都应该对此高度重视。     

广东省牛羊肉及其制品中掺杂掺假情况的调查分析

目的对广东省内牛、羊肉及其制品中掺杂掺假情况进行风险监测,从而为监管部门的后续监督管理提供指导性意见。方法使用特异性引物和探针,对广东省市场上出售的牛、羊肉及其制品进行动物源性成分鉴定。并与标签明示肉源进行比对,确认掺假类别。结果共检验50份样品,其中牛肉25份,羊肉8份,混合肉类17份。检出10份掺假肉食品,总掺假率为20.0%。掺假样品均为牛肉制品,羊肉制品为未发现掺假情况。结论用猪肉和鸡肉进行肉类的掺假是目前主要的掺假手段。混合肉类制品在标签明示肉类成分方面比较混乱,部分样品检出标签未标示的肉类成分。进一步开展肉制品的掺假检测具有重要的社会意义。     

市售休闲豆干中转基因成分的检测与分析

以休闲豆干为材料,采用磁珠吸附法和柱式吸附法对其进行DNA提取,分别用紫外分光光度法和实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应PCR(qRT-PCR)检测内参基因,比较这2种提取方法的DNA质量,并对外源基因CaMV35S和NOS进行检测。调查了30批次市售休闲豆干,检测结果表明:有7批次检出转基因成分,阳性率为23.33%。所有检出阳性样品均无转基因标签标识,表明政府应加强对转基因产品的标识管理。     

广州市售豆制品转基因成分的检测与分析

为了解广州市市售豆制品的转基因情况,对广州市售散装豆制品和预包装豆制品分别进行抽样检验.采用改良十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）法提取大豆DNA,利用核酸定性PCR、实时荧光PCR及环介导等温扩增技术（LAMP）对外源基因CaMV5S,NOS和EPSPS进行检测.调查共抽检豆制品207份,研究结果表明,在检测的159份散装豆制品中,87份检出转基因成分;在48份预包装豆制品中,18份检出转基因成分.散装豆制品无任何食品标签,而预包装豆制品均无转基因食品标识.     

可视化膜芯片检测转基因大豆的研究

目的研究可视化膜芯片技术对转基因大豆及其制品的检测能力,验证该技术的灵敏度及可行性。方法利用可视化膜芯片对转基因大豆及其制品进行检测,并采用行业标准要求的实时荧光PCR方法进行对比验证。结果该技术具备典型外源基因片段的判定能力,能够用于大豆及其制品中转基因成分的检测,方法检出限为0.1%,比对验证实际样品的检测结果与行业标准荧光PCR法一致。结论该技术便捷、直观、准确,可用于大豆及其制品的转基因成分快速初筛与鉴定。     

2018~2019年深圳市米面及其制品中重金属污染状况的监测与分析

目的 调查2018~2019年深圳市米面及其制品中重金属污染状况，为监管部门制定监管措施提供参考依据, 为消费者提供消费指导。方法 在深圳市10个区采集米面及其制品，按照国家标准GB 5009. 268- - 2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》对所采集的大米及米制品进行铅和镉的检测；对面及面制品进行铅、镉、总汞和总砷的检测。结果 320份米面及其制品中，4份米制品镉超标，超标率1.25%，其他监测项目均无超标，但米及其制品中镉检出率61.88%；面及其制品中镉检出率98.13%，均高于50%。不同类别样品间检出率比较无显著性差异。2018年和2019年米及米制品的铅和镉检出率比较发现，铅、镉2两年检出率差异均具有显著性（P<0.05）。而面及面制品2两年4个监测项目的检出率差异均无统计学意义。结论 当前深圳市米面及其制品中铅、镉、总汞和总砷等金属污染状况依然存在，其中镉污染情况较为普遍，具有一定的食品安全隐患，应该引起重视，加强监管。     

Detection of GM soybean in food products by simultaneous employment of three pairs of PCR primers

Genetically modified soybean was explored in food samples, labeled as “non-GM” and unlabeled, using multiplex PCR and Real-time PCR techniques. In total 110 (2006) and 237 food samples (2007) containing soybean were analyzed. The 7% of the products were shown to consist of material derived from the Roundup Ready soybean in 2006 and 13% of the foods samples in 2007. The most of analyzed samples were correctly labeled, but ten of food products are demonstrated to contain material above the threshold levels for labeling of 0.9%. This is the first report of the validity of labels on imported food samples from different countries and uptake of GM food derived from soybean into the food chain in Serbia.     

A survey of the use of soy in processed Turkish meat products and detection of genetic modification

To screen for possible illegal use of soybeans in meat products, the performance characteristics of a commercial polymer chain reaction (PCR) kit for detection of soybean DNA in raw and cooked meat products were established. Minced chicken and beef products containing soybean at levels from 0.1% to 10.0% were analysed by real-time PCR to amplify the soybean lectin gene. The PCR method could reliably detect the addition of soybean at a level of 0.1%. A survey of 38 Turkish processed meat products found only six samples to be negative for the presence of soybean. In 32 (84%) positive samples, 13 (34%) contained levels of soy above 0.1%. Of soybean positive samples, further DNA analysis was conducted by real-time PCR to detect whether genetically modified (GM) soybean had been used. Of 32 meat samples containing soybean, two samples were positive for GM modification.     

Detection of genetically modified organisms obtained from food samples

Genetially modified organisms (GMOs) were explored in food samples obtained from November 2000 to March 2003 in the Tokyo area by using PCR and real-time PCR techniques. The existence of Roundup Ready Soybean (RRS) was surveyed in processed foods derived from soybeans, such as tofu, boiled soybean, kinako, nama-age, abura-age, natto, miso, soymilk and yuba. RRS was detected in 3 of 37 tofu, 2 of 3 nama-age, 2 of 3 yuba and 3 of 3 abura-age samples. The CBH351 in 70 processed corn foods, NewLeaf Plus and NewLeaf Y in 50 processed potato foods, and 55-1 papaya in 16 papayas were surveyed. These GMOs were not detected among the samples. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of RRS and genetically modified (GM) corn were performed in soybean, corn and semi-processed corn products such as corn meal, corn flour and corn grits. RRS was detected in 42 of 178 soybean samples, and the amount of RRS in RRS-positive samples was determined. The content was in the range of 0.1-1.4% in identity-preserved soybeans (non-GMO), and 49.8-78.8% in non-segregated soybeans. On the other hand, GM corns were detected in 8 of 26 samples. The amount of GM corn in GM corn-positive samples was in the range of 0.1-2.0%.     

A 104-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats

A chronic feeding study to evaluate the safety of genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GM soybeans) was conducted using F344 DuCrj rats. The rats were fed diet containing GM soybeans or Non-GM soybeans at the concentration of 30% in basal diet. Non-GM soybeans were a closely related strain to the GM soybeans. These two diets were adjusted to an identical nutrient level. In this study, the influence of GM soybeans in rats was compared with that of the Non-GM soybeans, and furthermore, to assess the effect of soybeans themselves, the groups of rats fed GM and Non-GM soybeans were compared with a group fed commercial diet (CE-2). General conditions were observed daily and body weight and food consumption were recorded. At the termination (104 weeks), animals were subjected to hematology, serum biochemistry, and pathological examinations. There were several differences in animal growth, food intake, organ weights and histological findings between the rats fed the GM and/or Non-GM soybeans and the rats fed CE-2. However, body weight and food intake were similar for the rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. Gross necropsy findings, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, and organ weights showed no meaningful difference between rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. In pathological observation, there was neither an increase in incidence nor any specific type of nonneoplastic or neoplastic lesions in the GM soybeans group in each sex. These results indicate that long-term intake of GM soybeans at the level of 30% in diet has no apparent adverse effect in rats.     

A 52-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats

A chronic feeding study to evaluate the safety of the genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GM soybeans) was conducted using rats. F344 DuCrj rats were fed diet containing GM soybeans or Non-GM soybeans at the concentration of 30% in basal diet. Non-GM soybeans were closely related strain of GM soybeans. These two diets were adjusted to an identical nutrient level. In this study, the influence of GM soybeans on rats was compared with that of the Non-GM soybeans, and furthermore, to assess the effect of soybeans themselves, the groups of rats fed GM and Non-GM soybeans were compared with a group fed commercial diet (CE-2). General conditions were observed daily and body weight and food consumption were recorded. At the intermediate examination (26 weeks), and at the termination (52 weeks), animals were subjected to hematology, serum biochemistry, and pathological examination. There were several differences in animal growth, food intake, serum biochemical parameters and histological findings between the rats fed the GM and/or Non-GM soybeans and the rats fed CE-2. However, body weight and food intake were similar for the rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. Gross necropsy findings, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, organ weights, and pathological findings showed no meaningful difference between rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. These results indicate that long-term intake of GM soybeans at the level of 30% in diet has no apparent adverse effect in rats.