牛耳枫等五种药材重金属元素含量分析

目的测定牛耳枫、三叉苦、胆木、青牛胆、山苦茶五种药材中重金属元素含量。方法采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定五种药材中铜、铅镉含量,用氢化物原子荧光法测定其中的砷、汞含量。结果牛耳枫中5种重金属元素(铜、镉、铅、汞及砷)含量分别为6.700,0.080,3.000,0.052,0.690mg/kg;三叉苦中5种重金属元素(铜、镉、铅、汞及砷)含量分别为4.300,0.040,1.600,0.040,0.820mg/kg;胆木中5种重金属元素(铜、镉、铅、汞及砷)含量分别为2.700,0.020,1.250,0.038,0.400mg/kg;青牛胆中5种重金属元素(铜、镉、铅、汞及砷)含量分别为5.000,0.120,0.690,0.050,0.620mg/kg;山苦茶中5种重金属元素(铜、镉、铅、汞及砷)含量分别为4.400,0.075,0.520,0.044,0.480mg/kg。结论5种药材重金属含量均符合药用植物及制剂的外经贸绿色行业标准。     

通宣理肺丸中重金属及有害元素的测定

目的:测定通宣理肺丸中铅(Pb),镉(Cd),砷(As),汞(Hg),铜(Cu)五种重金属及有害元素的含量。方法:采用微波消解法处理样品,ICP-MS法测定五种重金属及有害元素含量。结果:测定结果表明五种重金属及有害元素的线性关系良好(r≥0.9953),回收率为96.7%～101.5%,RSD≤2.05%。结论:该方法操作简便快速,准确,灵敏度高,可用于通宣理肺丸的质量控制。     

ICP-MS法测定大米中铬、砷、镉、汞、铅的含量

采用微波消解法处理大米样品,应用ICP-MS测定了大米中铬、砷、镉、汞、铅等5种重金属元素的含量,结果表明:5种元素的检出限范围为0.05~5.43μg·kg-1;线性关系良好(r0.9993);回收率为94.9%~106.1%,RSD小于5.0%。该方法准确、灵敏、简便,适用于大米中铬、砷、镉、汞、铅等元素含量的检测。     

ICP-MS法测定羌活中5种重金属及有害元素的研究

采用微波消解法进行样品前处理,并用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行测定。铜、砷、镉、汞、铅5种元素在相应范围内线性良好(r0. 999),精密度良好(RSD6%,n=6),各元素加样回收率为89. 5%～113. 0%。样品中镉元素含量较高,其它4种元素的含量都处于较低水平。此方法体系简单、快速准确,适用于羌活药材中重金属及有害元素的质量控制分析。     

三七伤药片中重金属及有害元素的测定及安全性评价

目的:测定三七伤药片中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)、铜(Cu)5种重金属及有害元素。方法:采用微波消解法对处理样品,用ICP-MS法测定五种元素含量。结果:五种元素均符合有关标准规定。结论:该方法准确、简便、灵敏度高,可以为完善三七伤药片质量标准提供参考。     

黄皮叶中5种重金属元素的含量测定

黄皮叶药材经硝酸－高氯酸（10＋2）湿法消解后,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定铜元素含量,采用原子荧光法测定砷、汞、铅、镉元素的含量,建立了黄皮叶药材中5种重金属元素的含量测定方法,并测定了不同产地及批次黄皮叶药材中这5种元素的含量。5种元素回收率在94．25％～104．1％之间,8批黄皮叶中铜、砷和铅元素含量均低于国家限量标准,部分产地和批次药材中的重金属汞、镉元素含量高于国家限量标准。     

ICP-MS法测定美白祛斑类化妆品中的汞、砷、铅、镉和铬

为建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS法)测定美白祛斑类化妆品中汞、砷、铅、镉、铬5种元素含量的方法,将样品经硝酸和过氧化氢微波消解后,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定美白祛斑类化妆品中重金属汞、砷、铅、镉、铬的含量。结果发现:汞、砷、铅、镉、铬混合标准溶液在0～100 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9998～1.0000,各元素最低检出浓度均小于0.1 mg/kg,各元素加标回收率在97. 5%～108. 6%之间。该方法简便、灵敏,有较低的检出限,符合方法学验证要求,可用于美白祛斑类化妆品中汞、砷、铅、镉、铬的同时测定。     

宜昌本地中药材重金属有害元素的含量测定

以湖北宜昌地产杜仲、天麻、党参、木瓜、厚朴5种中药材为研究对象,对药材及其生长土壤中铜、砷、镉、铅、汞重金属元素进行测定分析。实验结果表明,5种药材及其生长土壤中重金属元素铜的含量最高,中药材中重金属元素的含量明显低于土壤中的含量。     

ICP-OES法测定PVC制品中6种有害重金属元素

样品在微波辅助加热消解,应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)同时测定聚氯乙烯(PVC)制品中镉、铅、汞、铬、砷和锑6种重金属元素含量。优化了微波辅助消解温度、雾化气(Neb)流速等测试条件,6种元素仪器检出限在2～10 mg/kg,7次重复性相对标准偏差(RSD)在0. 51%～1. 05%,加标回收率在90. 82%～106. 70%。实验测定了8个PVC制品,其中7个样品中有镉元素检出,部分样品中有铅、铬和锑等元素检出。镉最大检出量为578. 5mg/kg。该方法快速、准确,适用于PVC制品中6种有害重金属元素同时测定。     

不同产地黄芪中重金属及有害元素的比较研究

比较不同产地黄芪药材所含重金属及有害元素含量,以此作为指导黄芪药材的出口指标。选取9个不同产区黄芪药材,采用原子吸收光谱仪检测铅、镉、铜的含量,用原子荧光光度计检测砷、汞的含量。样品中重金属及有害元素含量均低于《中国药典》(2015版)黄芪药材项下规定。不同产地黄芪药材重金属及有害元素含量有差异;甘肃陇西产地相对偏低。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.