设施栽培下仙客来的养分吸收规律研究

以设施栽培的仙客来‘NP3’为材料,探讨了仙客来的干物质积累和矿质养分吸收积累规律。结果表明,设施栽培条件下,成品时干物重为32.49g的仙客来单株矿质养分的需求总量为2.51g。越夏后10月份是仙客来干物质和养分积累的重要时期,N的吸收量最大,每日每株吸收11.36mg;K次之,9.56 mg;P为2.44 mg;Ca为3.83mg;Mg为2.36mg。不同生育期对矿质养分的吸收比例不同,但N/K基本平衡在1:1。     

黄土区村级农田土壤养分空间变异特征研究

本研究选择黄土高原地区陕西省新集村为研究对象。在219hm2耕地上用网格法采集364个表层(0~20 cm)土壤,研究了该村土壤pH,有机质和速效养分(N,P,K,Ca,Mg,S)空间变异性。结果表明:该村98.9%耕地缺N,缺K,缺P比例占11.5%和4.4%。地统计学分析结果表明:土壤有机质、有效N、P、K、Mg、Ca、S具有中等的空间相关性,空间变异程度依次为:OM>P>Ca>K>Mg>N>S,土壤pH的空间相关性很弱。有机质、有效N、S最大相关距离大,达到1853m,pH值最小,为148m,K、Ca、P、Mg最大相关距离分别为717m、720m、1032m和1344m。施肥是导致该村土壤养分空间变异性的主要原因。基于土壤养分状况和空间分布特征,目前仅需要考虑对该村土壤K,P进行分区管理。     

黄花菜配方施肥技术研究

通过对黄花菜盆栽砂培试验、田间正交和氮磷肥单因素试验,研究了黄花菜配方施肥技术。结果是:黄花菜对N∶P2O5∶K2O三要素的最佳比例为2∶1∶2;对N、P、K三要素的总量以每亩40kg为宜(包括土壤供给量)。对不同肥力的土壤,每亩施用量的计算公式是:土壤中黄花菜可利用速效养分含量-每亩土壤速效性养分含量×黄花菜根系实际占用营养面积/栽培面积;在试验土壤条件下,要求施入N素9.5~1 3.5kg,P2O56.6~8.4kg;N、P单独施用,应酌量增加;N、P配合施用应适当减少;最佳的施肥时期是三月下旬一次施入。     

平阴玫瑰花芽分化期叶片矿质元素含量动态变化

分析了平阴玫瑰叶片中P，K，Ca，Mg，Fe，Cu，Zn，Mn，B共9种矿质营养元素在花芽分化的7个生长时期含量动态变化及其相关性。结果表明，在平阴玫瑰花芽分化期间P，K，Zn，Cu大体上呈下降趋势；Ca除现蕾前含量陡然下降外，随叶片成熟含量呈现上升趋势；Mg，Fe，Mn，B含量波动频繁且变化各异。P与K，Zn，Cu均达到极显著正相关；K与Fe，Zn，Cu也达到极显著正相关；Fe与Mn，Zn与Cu之间均达到极显著正相关。平阴玫瑰叶片中9种矿质营养元素含量按高低排序为：Ca〉K〉P〉Mg〉Fe〉Mn〉B〉Zn〉Cu。     

山西省褐土施用钾肥对谷子 养分吸收及产量形成的影响

本文选用具有代表性两种母质发育的褐土进行盆栽试验。结果表明，红土母质褐土施钾在拔节期谷子对N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn的吸收均有促进作用，而在黄土母质褐土上谷子对Ca、Mg和Mn的吸收都随施钾量增加而下降。施钾对谷子苗期生长发育有明显的促进作用，有助于谷子穗分化，增加千粒重，加速光合产物的运输，提高谷子产量。     

县级区域粮田土壤养分的空间变异性

采用传统统计和地统计相结合的方法 ,对面积约 470km2 的玉田县粮田耕层土壤养分进行了空间变异特征研究。结果表明 ,土壤N、P、K、Mn和Zn普遍缺乏 ,不同土壤养分的变异情况各不相同 ;土壤主要养分N、P、K、Mn和Zn含量的空间变异结构明显 ,在较大范围内存在着空间相关性 ,具有一定的渐变性分布规律 ,这一基本趋势对土壤养分分区管理是有利的     

嫁接对薄皮甜瓜养分吸收和果实品质的影响

试验选用玉美人、永甜六号薄皮甜瓜作接穗,世纪星白籽南瓜作砧木,以自根苗为对照,研究嫁接对薄皮甜瓜植株伤流量及伤流液和器官中营养元素含量的影响,并初步比较了嫁接和自根成熟甜瓜果实品质的差别。结果表明:嫁接植株伤流量和干物质积累均大于自根植株。嫁接植株吸收N、K和Mg的能力高于自根植株,但吸收P和Ca的能力降低。说明嫁接改变了薄皮甜瓜的养分吸收特性。嫁接甜瓜成熟果实中总糖、蛋白质和Vc的含量较自根果实中含量下降,而有机酸含量上升,果实品质下降。     

设施黄瓜干物质累积及NPK吸收规律

以津研四号黄瓜为试材,研究设施黄瓜干物质累积及其N、P、K吸收规律。结果表明:黄瓜干物质积累主要集中在初瓜期和盛瓜期,约占全生育期干物质累积量的95%;植株与果实干物质累积的比例为1.5:1。苗期、初瓜期、盛瓜期和末瓜期N素吸收量占整个生育期吸收总量的百分比依次为2.1%、29.3%、65.2%和3.4%;P素为3.2%、32.8%、61.6%和2.4%;K素为2.3%、27.3%、66.8%和3.8%。当黄瓜的产量(鲜重)为142.5 t hm-2时,全生育期N、P、K吸收量分别为405.4、74.9和506.6kg,N、P、K吸收比例为1:0.18:1.25,生产1 t商品瓜吸收的N、P、K分别为2.84、0.53和3.55kg。     

菜地土壤养分的空间变异特征

通过地统计学、空间分析方法及结合农户施肥调查,对菜地土壤养分的空间变异特征进行研究。结果表明,农户施肥水平差别较大,整体上施磷相对过多,施钾相对较少,土壤OM、NH4 -N、P、K、Ca、Mg和S的变异系数在28.4%～69.2%之间。土壤各养分的空间变异结构有较大区别,土壤OM及NH4 -N的变异具有强烈空间相关性,土壤P、K、Ca、Mg和S养分含量的变异为中等空间相关性。土壤养分的等值线图显示,OM在空间的分布与土壤质地渐变规律相关,NH4 -N呈现南北向的带状分布,P、K、Ca、Mg和S趋于小块状分布。总的来说,施肥等人为因素加剧了土壤矿质养分的空间变异。     

利用硅藻土提高化肥肥效的研究

通过对硅藻土结构观察、养分吸附和不同硅藻土与肥料比例肥效试验,结果表明,硅藻土具有多孔质结构,湿润后孔隙明显增大,对N、P有较强吸附作用,能吸附2.5%的N和37.4%的P;施用1∶10硅藻土肥的比施用化学肥料的增产9.8%,比施用化学肥料的多吸收20.4%的N,18.6%的P和12.8%的K,值得在生产上推广应用。     

Effective solution of certain problems of theory of schedulings of nets

Cybernetics and Systems Analysis -     

Complexity of families of learning algorithms and estimation of the nonrandomness of extraction of empirical regularities

The paper presents a general approach to the evaluation of the complexity of classes of algorithms, so-called pVCD-method. To develop this method, all the examined families of models of empiric generalization were restricted to classes implementable on computers and, wider, by examining their partially recursive representations. Within the framework of the algorithmic approach, the concept of Kolmogorov’ complexity of algorithms for the recognition of properties or the extraction of regularities is proposed. The method proposed to evaluate the nonrandomness of the extraction of empirical regularities is based on this concept.     

变电站一次设备喷涂PRTV用量的分析

对国网宁夏电力检修公司宁安运维站近2年来一次设备喷涂PRTV用量的统计数据进行分析整理,得出各类一次设备按照标准要求喷涂PRTV时的用量估算值,并针对现存作业中存在的问题,提出相应解决方案。     

Analysis of microdensitometric data in terms of probability of cleavage of DNA

Computer-aided analysis of autoradiographic films of DNA fragments is presented. The Powell least-squares procedure is used for optimization of parameters for components of complex densitometric curves. Since each densitometric spectrum may be divided for several non-overlapped blocks of bands, there is no upper limit on the number of parameters which must be optimized. Eight shapes for the component bands are utilized: symmetric and asymmetric Gauss and Cauchy functions, direct, symmetric and asymmetric product of Gauss function and inverse of Cauchy function, and log-normal function. The probability of DNA cleavage is calculated with correction for multiple cuts. The methods presented was applied to detailed analysis of densitometric spectra of a 21-bp DNA restriction fragment and allowed for direct correlation between structural microheterogeneity of DNA and the resulting cutting pattern. This method should facilitate the analysis of densitometric data from antibiotic-induced cleavage of DNA and footprinting experiments.     

联合收割机脱粒滚筒恒速智能控制器设计

研究了轴流式联合收割机的控制问题,给出了联合收割机脱粒滚筒的数学模型,介绍了基于模式识别的智能控制原理,建立了联合收割机脱粒滚筒恒速控制模型,设计了基于模式识别的智能恒速控制器.应用Matlab/Simulink进行了控制器仿真,其结果表明,将基于模式识别的智能控制应用于联合收割机脱粒滚筒的恒速控制,其过渡过程平稳、响应速度快、无超调、无振荡并且无稳态误差.     

An estimate of numbers of terms of semicycles of delay difference equations

In this paper, we study the semicycles of oscillatory solutions of the delay difference equation y_n+1 − y_n + p_ny_n-k = 0, where p_n is a sequence of nonnegative real numbers and k is a positive integer. Upper bound of numbers of terms of semicycles are determined in the case when

Our results improve and complement known results in literature.     

Complexity of approximation of 3-edge-coloring of graphs

The problem to find a 4-edge-coloring of a 3-regular graph is solvable in polynomial time but an analogous problem for 3-edge-coloring is NP-hard. To make the gap more precise, we study complexity of approximation algorithms for invariants measuring how far is a 3-regular graph from having a 3-edge-coloring. We show that it is an NP-hard problem to approximate such invariants with an error O(n1−ε), where n denotes the order of the graph and 0<ε<1 is a constant.     

Modifications of the method of variation of parameters

In spite of being a classical method for solving differential equations, the method of variation of parameters continues having a great interest in theoretical and practical applications, as in astrodynamics. In this paper we analyse this method providing some modifications and generalised theoretical results. Finally, we present an application to the determination of the ephemeris of an artificial satellite, showing the benefits of the method of variation of parameters for this kind of problems.