射线半影编码孔点扩散函数锐度展宽模拟评估

阐述了射线半影编码成像系统点扩散函数锐度展宽与一般系统点扩散函数半高宽的区别与联系,确立了半影编码成像系统锐度展宽概念,建立了半影编码孔成像系统蒙特卡罗模型。计算获得了0.662、1.25、2.45、5.0、10.0、14.06MeV等一系列能量点的γ射线与中子在半影编码成像系统点扩散函数,并按照定义算出γ射线与中子各能量系统点扩散函数的锐度展宽;得到γ射线和中子能量与半影编码成像系统锐度展宽函数关系,分析了半影编码成像系统点扩散函数锐度展宽的原因,为今后编码孔设计的改进提供理论依据。     

非相干光点扩散函数的重建及其在同步辐射成像系统中的应用

由于X射线间接成像系统的点扩散函数难以通过实验精确测量,理论构建过程复杂,难以满足实际情况,导致图像质量不高。为了获得X射线间接成像系统的点扩散函数,提出了一种利用冗余信息重构点扩散函数的方法,从而在非相干光照下获得更精确的系统点扩散函数。根据同步辐射成像实验的结果比较,该方法比其他点扩散函数测量方法更能准确地恢复图像。该方法的核心是利用非相干光信息分布的非定域性重建了点扩散函数中央区域。冗余信息法重构的点扩散函数不仅能够精确恢复图像,而且构建过程相对简单,避免了大量复杂的计算。     

基于MURA编码孔成像测量Pu部件对称性的数值模拟分析

通过分析MURA编码孔成像技术的原理,实现了MLEM重建算法的源物体图像重建。使用数值模拟方法,分析了413keV单能γ面源的MURA编码板成像全过程,通过对比分析重建源物体分布与实际源物体分布,验证了重建算法及程序的正确性。并通过MNCP程序模拟假想的Pu部件模型,在编码孔成像过程中,像平面上射线投影强度分布、直接重建及简单扣本底重建源物体分布,从而论证了MURA编码孔成像测量Pu部件对称性的可行性。数值模拟结果表明,编码孔成像测量Pu部件对称性与小孔成像相比,在保护敏感信息和提高射线利用效率方面,具备一定的优势。     

X射线编码孔成像技术在近地太空核爆探测中的应用

根据X射线编码孔成像的原理,搭建了地面模拟成像系统,在此基础上建立了编码孔成像技术探测近地太空核爆当量和方位的理论计算方法,获得了系统响应（灰度）与X射线强度、重建图像质心位置与X射线入射角度之间的关系,并开展了核爆当量和方位的模拟探测实验,对实验数据和理论计算数据进行了对比和分析。结果表明,理论计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,验证了采用X射线编码孔成像技术探测近地太空核爆的可行性,同时证明X射线编码孔成像具有较多针孔成像更高的探测灵敏度、信噪比和抗干扰能力。     

同步辐射光源截面测量用闪烁体的点扩散函数测定

在同步辐射光源截面测量的小孔成像系统中,要用闪烁体将X光转换成可见光,并在CCD上接收和成像.闪烁体会将投影在其上的点源扩大为一个弥散斑,即影响成像系统空间分辨率因素之一的闪烁体点扩散函数.利用刀口测定闪烁体对X光的边扩散函数来确定其点扩散函数,结合图像背景的扣除与沿刀口方向的边扩散函数的算术平均等处理方法,分别测定了...     

基于γ射线多相流成像系统图像重建算法

在分析传统反投影图像重建产生伪迹的原因后，并考虑工业多相流特点，提出了一种基于反投影数据“求交”运算的新型射线反投影图像重建算法，新的图像重建算法可得到理想的系统点扩展函数，可较好克服重建图像伪迹。通过对典型流型仿真，证明该方法是有效的。     

大型工业CT流水线图像重建

大型工业CT中，采用等角度扇形束扫描，为达到高分辨率，需要在每个投影下微动探测器。多次采集数据。为了节省成像时间，设想让重建计算和数据采集同时进行，称为流水线图像重建法。研究了这种 水线图像重建方法，并与传统方法的效率进行了比较。     

离散Radon变换卷积分配性及在从投影直接提取CT图像边缘的应用

研究了离散Radon变换(DRT)在二维卷积运算方面的分配性。通过对这一性质离散条件下的计算方法的研究,提出了在CT重建过程之前直接对投影数据进行处理的方法,并对图像边缘提取这一具体工作进行了应用研究．给出了计算机模拟计算的结果。通过对传统图像边缘提取与从投影进行图像边缘提取这两种方式进行比较,分析了二者的运算时间的影响参数,论证了该方法在运算时间上的优越性,以及在CT图像处理中的应用前景。     

OSEM算法在编码板成像中的应用

为提高γ辐射编码成像中MLEM算法在图像重建时的速度及质量,论文基于核医学ECT图像重建中的OSEM算法思想在图像重建时对编码成像所得投影数据进行分组,并采用精细采样平衡相关法的重建结果作为初值进行迭代。通过实验对该算法进行验证。实验表明:OSEM算法可以有效提高收敛速度,改善重建图像质量。在γ辐射编码成像中采用OSEM算法是有效且可行的。     

探测器分块排列的CT系统及其图像重建

为解决CT系统中扫描视野受限及低剂量成像问题,提出一种探测器分块排列的CT系统及其稀疏角度CT图像迭代重建方法。探测器分块排列可扩大CT图像物体扫描视野,稀疏角度采集投影数据能有效降低辐射剂量,同时采用ART-TV迭代算法重建CT图像。仿真实验表明:该方法可有效扩大CT系统扫描视野,在稀疏角度获取投影数据采集方式下,利用ART-TV迭代重建算法可重建优质CT图像,实现降低辐射剂量的目的。     

R-L Method and BLS-GSM Denoising for Penumbra Image Reconstruction

When neutron yield is very low, reconstruction of coding penumbra image is rather difficult. In this paper, low-yield （109） 14 MeV neutron penumbra imaging was simulated by Monte Carlo method. The Richardson Lucy （R-L） iteration method was proposed to incorporated with Bayesian least square-Gaussian scale mixture model （BLS-GSM） wavelet denoising for the simulated image. Optimal number of R-L iterations was gotten by a large number of tests. The results show that compared with Wiener method and median filter denoising, this method is better in restraining background noise, the correlation coefficient Rsr between the reconstructed and the real images is larger, and the reconstruction result is better.     

基于模拟点源测量的多针孔SPECT精确迭代重建

高分辨率单光子发射计算机断层成像（SPECT）是临床和小动物影像的重要技术之一。对SPECT的系统传输矩阵进行建模,并结合于迭代重建算法中,是提高系统空间分辨率的有效手段。本文基于实验室自主研发的多针孔小动物SPECT系统,研究了一种蒙特卡罗模拟和解析模型相结合的系统传输矩阵精确计算方法。该方法是基于多点源模拟的投影数据,结合数据再估计方法和高斯拟合方法提取点扩展函数（PSF）特征参数,并结合解析形式的系统物理模型,从而计算任意位置的精确PSF。通过对四点源模拟投影数据分别用纯解析方法和蒙特卡罗模拟与解析模型相结合的方法进行计算,并对所得的系统传输矩阵进行重建对比,验证了蒙特卡罗模拟与解析模型相结合方法对图像分辨率的改善效果。进一步比较了不同点源排列的重建效果,获得了优化的点源排布方案。相对于基于实验方法测量系统传输矩阵,本方法能以更合理的代价实现系统传输矩阵的精确建模,并能有效提高系统空间分辨率。     

静态CT行包安检系统关键技术研究

本文介绍了安检用静态CT技术的基本原理,对基于超顺排碳纳米管技术的冷阴极X射线源、基于光子计数技术的多能谱X射线成像技术和安检用静态CT系统图像重建算法等进行了研究。冷阴极X射线源由基于超顺排碳纳米管技术的冷阴极X射线管、两套高压系统和1个控制系统组成,在130 kV以下可稳定工作。研制并测试了一款具有三能谱成像功能的光子计数型X射线探测器系统。对安检用静态CT系统图像重建算法进行了讨论,提出了一种解决方法。安检用静态CT系统关键技术的研究为安检用静态CT系统的研制提供了技术基础。     

Image quality evaluation of linear plastic scintillating fiber array detector for X-ray imaging

It is important to assess image quality, in order to ensure that the imaging system is performing optimally and also identify the weak points in an imaging system. Three parameters mostly leading to image degradation are contrast, spatial resolution and noise. There is always a trade-off between spatial resolution and signal to noise ratio,but in scintillating fiber array detectors spatial resolution is not as important as signal to noise ratio, so we paid more attention to contrast and SNR of the system. By using GEANT4 Monte Carlo detector simulation toolkit, some effective parameters of the linear plastic scintillating fiber（PSF）array as an imaging detector were investigated. Finally we show that it is possible to use this kind of detector to take CT and DR (Digital Radiography) image under certain conditions.     

Slice-wise reconstruction for low-dose cone-beam CT using a deep residual convolutional neural network

Because of the growing concern over the radiation dose delivered to patients, X-ray cone-beam CT(CBCT) imaging of low dose is of great interest. It is difficult for traditional reconstruction methods such as Feldkamp to reduce noise and keep resolution at low doses. A typical method to solve this problem is using optimizationbased methods with careful modeling of physics and additional constraints. However, it is computationally expensive and very time-consuming to reach an optimal solution. Recently, some pioneering work applying deep neural networks had some success in characterizing and removing artifacts from a low-dose data set. In this study,we incorporate imaging physics for a cone-beam CT into a residual convolutional neural network and propose a new end-to-end deep learning-based method for slice-wise reconstruction. By transferring 3D projection to a 2D problem with a noise reduction property, we can not only obtain reconstructions of high image quality, but also lower the computational complexity. The proposed network is composed of three serially connected sub-networks: a cone-to-fan transformation sub-network, a 2D analytical inversion sub-network, and an image refinement sub-network. This provides a comprehensive solution for end-to-end reconstruction for CBCT. The advantages of our method are that the network can simplify a 3D reconstruction problem to a 2D slice-wise reconstruction problem and can complete reconstruction in an end-to-end manner with the system matrix integrated into the network design. Furthermore, reconstruction can be less computationally expensive and easily parallelizable compared with iterative reconstruction methods.     

SPECT显像对小儿脑梗塞的研究

为了探讨ＳＰＥＣＴ对小儿脑梗塞（ＣＣＩ）的诊断价值，对２６例患儿采用ＳＰＥＣＴ局部脑血流灌注（ｒＣＰ）显像与ＣＴ对比研究，结果表明，脑梗塞灶及远隔区域的ｒＣＰ减少，ＳＰＥＣＴ和ＣＴ的阳性率分别为９２．３％（２４／２６）和８４．５％（２２／２６），两者无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），而发病２天以内９例的ＳＰＥＣＴ阳性率１００％（９／９）显著高于ＣＴ５５．６％（５／９）（Ｐ〈０．０５），提示ＳＰＥＣＴ显     

基于异构多GPU的锥束CT图像重建研究

针对锥束CT图像重建系统中GPU型号不一致问题,提出了基于异构多GPU的重建模型。该模型基于FDK算法进行重建,采用了按计算能力进行任务分配的方法,确保各GPU计算平衡。采用数据流分解的方法,实现了海量数据的图像重建。给出了该重建模型基于CUDA的实现方法,包括采用流管理和异步函数来实现多GPU并行计算以及滤波和反投影核函数的流程设计。利用高精度工业CT系统进行模型的实验验证。结果表明：所建立的重建模型正确有效,能充分发挥系统中异构多GPU的计算能力,执行效率高。     

基于电子束扫描阵列微焦点射线源的倒置结构Micro-CT成像研究

倒置几何结构CT成像系统理论上具有扫描视场大、图像信噪比好、锥束伪影小等优点,但其多焦点、稀疏角的扫描模式亦会带来投影数据截断、稀疏和局部数据冗余等问题。本文利用电子束扫描阵列微焦点射线源和高分辨率小面积探测器等构建了一种新型高分辨率、大视场的倒置几何结构Micro CT实验系统(IG Micro CT)。针对该系统多焦点、稀疏角扫描模式下的投影数据截断和稀疏等特点,提出一种图像先验约束的全变分正则化SART迭代CT图像重建算法。首先通过仿真实验对图像重建算法进行了验证,并对阵列微焦点数量、旋转扫描分度数量等扫描参数进行优化,最后在IG Micro CT实验系统上获得了高分辨的Micro CT测试图像。实验结果表明,本文提出的算法适用于IG Micro CT系统,解决了投影数据截断、稀疏采样和局部数据冗余带来的条状等伪影问题,并验证了IG Micro CT这种新型成像方式的可行性。     

Derivative-Hilbert-Backprojection based image reconstruction from truncated projections in helical cone-beam CT

In helical cone-beam computed tomography(CT), Feldkamp-Davis-Kress(FDK) based image reconstruction algorithms are by far the most popular. However, artifacts are commonly met in the presence of lateral projection truncation. The reason is that the ramp filter is global. To restrain the truncation artifacts, an approximate reconstruction formula is proposed based on the Derivative-Hilbert-Backprojection(DHB) framework. In the method, the first order derivative filter is followed by the Hilbert transform. Since the filtered projection values are almost zero by the first order derivative filter, the following Hilbert transform has little influence on the projection values, even though the projections are laterally truncated. The proposed method has two main advantages. First, it has comparable computational efficiency and image quality as well as the conventional helical FDK algorithm for non-truncated projections. The second advantage is that images can be reconstructed with acceptable quality and much lower computational cost in comparison to the Laplace operator based algorithm in cases with truncated projections. To point out the advantages of our method, simulations on the computer and real data experiments on our laboratory industrial cone-beam CT are conducted. The simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the method is feasible for image reconstruction in the case of projection truncation.     

Incoherent-scatter computed tomography with monochromaticsynchrotron x ray: feasibility of multi-CT imaging system forsimultaneous measurement-of fluorescent and incoherent scatter x rays

We describe a new system of incoherent scatter computed tomography (ISCT) using monochromatic synchrotron X rays, and we discuss its potential to be used in in vivo imaging for medical use. The system operates on the basis of computed tomography (CT) of the first generation. The reconstruction method for ISCT uses the least squares method with singular value decomposition. The research was carried out at the BLNE-5A bending magnet beam line of the Tristan Accumulation Ring in KEK, Japan. An acrylic cylindrical phantom of 20-mm diameter containing a cross-shaped channel was imaged. The channel was filled with a diluted iodine solution with a concentration of 200 μgI/ml. Spectra obtained with the system's high purity germanium (HPGe) detector separated the incoherent X-ray line from the other notable peaks, i.e., the iK_α and K_β1 X-ray fluorescent lines and the coherent scattering peak. CT images were reconstructed from projections generated by integrating the counts In the energy window centering around the incoherent scattering peak and whose width was approximately 2 keV. The reconstruction routine employed an X-ray attenuation correction algorithm. The resulting image showed more homogeneity than one without the attenuation correction