对国外一种氨制冷系统的改造

分析了将氨液分离器设计安装于低温冷库内的氨制冷系统的缺点，提出将氨液分离器及相关阀门搬迁至库外，改变热氨冲霜回液管设计的解决方法；并提供了氨液分离器安装高度的一种计算方法。     

入口带有加速段方形分离器性能研究

分离器的分级分离效率是循环流化床锅炉性能的主要影响因素之一。在冷态试验的基础上开发了带有加速段的方形分离器，并在热态实验台和工业规模设备上进行了热态测试。测试结果表明：分离器从小尺寸冷态放大到工业规模热态运行分级分离效率变化不大，与相同当量直径的常规圆形旋风筒的分级分离效率相近，设计工况下dc50为42μm，dc99为160μm；阻力约为500Pa。测试结果为其进一步放大提供了可靠的依据。     

气液分离器分离效果仿真研究

气液分离器是两管制热回收多联机系统中分流装置里的关键部件,其分离效果直接影响到整个空调系统的性能。为了分析气液分离器的结构并对其进行优化设计,本文基于CFD算法,建立了气液分离器仿真模型,并对仿真结果与试验结果进行了比较分析。分析结果表明,采用本文所设计的结构可以明显加强气液分离器内气液分离效果,显著增加其气侧出口干度。     

气液分离器分离效果试验研究

为了对气液分离器的分离效果进行直接的测量,本文设计了一套利用U形管旁路对干度进行测量的装置。在两管制热回收多联机系统运行混合模式时,对其气液分离器的入口和出口干度在不同内机组合和外风机风档的情况下进行了测量。该试验结果为气液分离器结构优化提供了可靠的依据。     

关于《热交换气液分离器在热氟融霜制冷系统中的应用》的两点商榷

本文对《制冷》刊登的《热交换气液分离器在热氟融霜制冷系统中的应用》一文中的两点提法提出商榷，并提供了日本某热氟融霜系统原理图供参考．     

螺杆式空气源热泵机组压缩机油位试验研究

分析压缩机吸气回液、外置油分离器油分离效率对螺杆式空气源热泵机组压缩机油位的影响,提出改进翅片换热器分液、优化气液分离器结构、改善油分离器分离方式等改进措施,并对螺杆式空气源冷（热）水机组进行试验。结果表明,所提改进措施不仅能够提高压缩机运行过程中的油位,而且能够提高机组运行稳定性。     

在氨制冷重力供液系统中设置汽液再分离器的作用

在氨制冷重力供液系统中,由于热负荷的波动或操作不当,回汽在氨液分离器中不能完全分离,容易产生压缩机湿冲程且处理时间较长.采用在回汽总管上设置汽液再分离器,可以有效的减少湿冲程次数并能快速处理湿冲程现象,提高制冷效率.     

管长对振荡管冷效应影响的试验研究

在振荡管单管实验装置上,研究了振荡管的管长对其冷效应、各阶共振频率及最佳振荡频率的影响.该研究对热分离器、气波制冷机等波制冷机器的优化设计有一定的指导意义.     

压缩机油分离器分离效率测试台的设计

压缩机油分离器分离效率的高低直接影响系统的制冷功效,设计了一套检测油分离器分离效率的试验装置,通过分别测量分离前后润滑油的质量,计算得出被检测油分离器的分离效率,为油分离器的关键性能指标提供了检测手段.     

R134a/R23双工质冷凝分离器性能实验研究

将传统内复叠系统的冷凝器与分离器合二为一建立了一种新型的冷凝分离器,对影响这种冷凝分离器工作性能的多种因素进行了理论分析,并通过实验对冷却水进口温度及冷却水进出口温差对冷凝分离器分离效果的影响进行了验证.     

沸石基锂离子电池隔膜的制备及性能

针对传统聚烯烃类锂电隔膜的耐温性差和电解液亲和性差的问题,以沸石粒子、硅溶胶和乙二胺四乙酸为主要原料,通过烧结工艺制备综合性能优异的沸石基锂离子电池隔膜。结果表明:与商用聚乙烯膜相比,本实验制备的沸石隔膜具有发达的孔道结构,其耐热性和电解液润湿性得到显著提升;经过160℃,0.5h的热处理后,沸石隔膜的热收缩率为0,而聚乙烯膜已经完全融化,沸石隔膜的电解液接触角接近0°,聚乙烯膜的接触角高达35°。受益于良好的孔道结构和电解液亲和性,沸石隔膜所装配电池在倍率放电容量和循环放电容量等方面均优于传统聚烯烃膜。     

聚偏氟乙烯-沸石复合锂电隔膜的制备及性能

针对传统聚烯烃类锂离子电池隔膜的耐温性差和电解液亲和性差的问题,本实验以微孔沸石纳米粒子和聚偏氟乙烯树脂(PVDF)为主要原料,通过相转化法制备了综合性能优异的沸石/PVDF复合锂电隔膜。结果表明:与商用聚乙烯(PE)膜相比,所制备的沸石/PVDF复合隔膜具有更加发达的孔道结构,其孔隙率超过70%,约为PE膜的2倍。沸石/PVDF复合膜的耐高温性和电解液润湿性明显优于PE膜和纯PVDF膜,经过160℃、0.5h的高温处理后,复合膜的热收缩率仅为5%,而PE膜已完全融化,收缩率达到100%,PVDF膜收缩率超过50%;沸石/PVDF复合膜的电解液接触角仅为7.4°,而PE膜和PVDF膜的接触角高达42.5°和31.7°。受益于丰富的孔道结构和良好的电解液吸收/保持能力,沸石/PVDF复合膜所装配锂离子电池的倍率放电容量高于PE膜,同时,该复合膜装配电池的循环性能也优于传统聚乙烃隔膜。     

无机涂层改善锂离子电池聚烯烃隔膜性能研究

为了提高锂离子电池用聚烯烃微孔膜的综合性能, 在商用Celgard膜表面涂布ZrO₂无机涂层, 粘结剂选用电池用聚偏氟乙烯。对比分析涂覆前后的隔膜发现, ZrO₂涂层可以显著提高Celgard膜的热尺寸稳定性和热熔化温度, 对提高锂离子电池安全性起到积极作用。同时无机涂层还能明显改善隔膜对电解液的浸润性, 复合隔膜具有更好的保液能力, 以涂有ZrO₂涂层的Celgard膜作为隔膜组装锂离子电池,可以显著提高长期充放电循环时电池容量保持率。     

Flexible,High‐Wettability and Fire‐Resistant Separators Based on Hydroxyapatite Nanowires for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Separators play a pivotal role in the electrochemical performance and safety of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The commercial microporous polyolefin‐based separators often suffer from inferior electrolyte wettability, low thermal stability, and severe safety concerns. Herein, a novel kind of highly flexible and porous separator based on hydroxyapatite nanowires (HAP NWs) with excellent thermal stability, fire resistance, and superior electrolyte wettability is reported. A hierarchical cross‐linked network structure forms between HAP NWs and cellulose fibers (CFs) via hybridization, which endows the separator with high flexibility and robust mechanical strength. The high thermal stability of HAP NW networks enables the separator to preserve its structural integrity at temperatures as high as 700 °C, and the fire‐resistant property of HAP NWs ensures high safety of the battery. In particular, benefiting from its unique composition and highly porous structure, the as‐prepared HAP/CF separator exhibits near zero contact angle with the liquid electrolyte and high electrolyte uptake of 253%, indicating superior electrolyte wettability compared with the commercial polyolefin separator. The as‐prepared HAP/CF separator has unique advantages of superior electrolyte wettability, mechanical robustness, high thermal stability, and fire resistance, thus, is promising as a new kind of separator for advanced LIBs with enhanced performance and high safety.     

Heat-Resistant,Robust, and Hydrophilic Separators Based on Regenerated Cellulose for Advanced Supercapacitors

Separators in supercapacitors (SCs) typically suffer from defects of low mechanical property, limited ion transport, and electrolyte wettability, and poor thermal stability, impeding the development of SCs. Herein, high-performance regenerated cellulose (RC) based separators are designed that are fabricated by effective hydrolytic etching of inorganic CaCO₃ nanoparticles from a filled RC membrane. The as-prepared RC separator displays excellent comprehensive performances such as higher tensile strength (75.83 MPa) and thermal stability (200 °C), which is superior to commercial polypropylene-based separator (Celgard 2500) and sufficient to maintain their structural integrity even at temperatures in excess of 200 °C. Benefiting from its hydrophilicity, high porosity, and outstanding electrolyte uptake rate (208.5%), the RC separator exhibits rapid transport and permeability of ions, which is 2.5× higher than that of the commercial nonwoven polypropylene separator (NKK -MPF30AC-100) validated by electrochemical tests in the 1.0 m Na₂SO₄ electrolyte. Results show that porous RC separator with unique advantages of superior electrolyte wettability, mechanical robustness, and high thermal stability, is a promising separator for SCs with high-performance and safety.     

Preparation and performance of silica/polypropylene composite separator for lithium-ion batteries

In an effort to improve thermal stability and mechanical properties of porous polypropylene (PP) separators for lithium-ion battery, SiO₂/PP/SiO₂ composite separators were prepared by introducing SiO₂ layer on both sides of PP separator through a dip-coating process, with polyvinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropropylene (PVDF–HFP) as binder. SiO₂ nanoparticles are evenly distributed and closely packed in the coated layer, which features a porous honeycomb structure. This unique porous structure was quantitatively analyzed by Gurley value, and it can retain liquid electrolyte, leading to higher electrolyte uptake and ionic conductivity of the composite separator. The introduction of SiO₂-coated layers can not only suppress thermal shrinkage but also improve mechanical properties of the composite separator. C-rate capability and cycle performance of composite separator were also investigated, and compared to those of pristine PP separator.     

Preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol)-based separator with pore-forming additive for lithium-ion batteries

In this work, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based separators with microporous structure were prepared from a casting solution composed of PVA resin, water as solvent, and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) polymer as pore controlling additive by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) wet-process and investigated in lithium-ion batteries. The effects of PVP on the morphology and properties of the separator, such as porosity, electrolyte wettability, thermal stability and battery performance (discharge capacity, C-rate capability and cycleability) were systematically analyzed. Results show that PVP induced more pores on the bottom surfaces and the electrolyte uptake, ionic conductivity was further improved. Finally, a 10 wt% PVA-based separator with PVP solid content of 6 wt% exhibited greatly improved porosity, electrolyte uptake, ion conductivity and thermal resistance, resulting in the cell with high safety performance and matched electrochemical performance. The results demonstrated that the PVA-based separator with PVP as pore controlling additive can be a successful candidate serving as an effective separator for lithium-ion battery. Additionally, the present method of producing the microporous separator for LIBs is simple, environmentally benign and economically viable.     

水热合成勃姆石纳米棒及其改性复合膜

商用锂离子电池隔膜遭受高温时,会发生热收缩现象,通过涂覆无机颗粒对隔膜进行改性,可以有效地提高隔膜的热稳定性能,从而提高锂离子电池的安全性能,而勃姆石纳米棒具有耐热性好和弹性模量大等特点,适用于涂覆改性隔膜.本研究利用AlCl3和NaOH与NH4 OH混合沉淀剂,通过水热法制备了勃姆石纳米棒,并使用线棒涂布工艺制备了涂...     

Clay-Originated Two-Dimensional Holey Silica Separator for Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anode

Lithium metal anode is the ultimate choice to obtain next-generation high-energy-density lithium batteries, while the dendritic lithium growth owing to the unstable lithium anode/electrolyte interface largely limits its practical application. Separator is an important component in batteries and separator engineering is believed to be a tractable and effective way to address the above issue. Separators can play the role of ion redistributors to guide the transport of lithium ions and regulate the uniform electrodeposition of Li. The electrolyte wettability, thermal shrinkage resistance, and mechanical strength are of importance for separators. Here, clay-originated two-dimensional (2D) holey amorphous silica nanosheets (ASN) to develop a low-cost and eco-friendly inorganic separator is directly adopted. The ASN-based separator has higher porosity, better electrolyte wettability, much higher thermal resistance, larger lithium transference number, and ionic conductivity compared with commercial separator. The large amounts of holes and rich surface oxygen groups on the ASN guide the uniform distribution of lithium-ion flux. Consequently, the Li//Li cell with this separator shows stable lithium plating/stripping, and the corresponding Li//LiFePO₄, Li//LiCoO_2, and Li//NCM523 full cells also show high capacity, excellent rate performance, and outstanding cycling stability, which is much superior to that using the commercial separator.     

聚硅氧烷/聚苯硫醚无纺布复合电池隔膜的制备与性能

以聚乙烯基硅氧烷（PVS）为涂覆材料,以耐高温聚苯硫醚（PPS）无纺布为支撑材料,通过物理浸涂的方法制备了PVS/PPS无纺布复合锂离子电池隔膜。通过对基本物理性能、电化学性能和电池性能的系统考察,发现与聚烯烃（PP/PE/PP）隔膜相比,PVS/PPS复合隔膜具有较发达的微孔结构、良好的润湿性、较高的离子电导率及良好的界面相容性,有助于降低电池工作时的欧姆极化程度,并使电池表现出较高的放电比容量和良好的循环稳定性（保持率约为100%）。此外研究发现,PVS/PPS复合隔膜具有优异的耐热性,在250℃的高温下热处理1 h后仍能表现出较好的尺寸稳定性。可见,PPS无纺布基复合隔膜在动力型锂离子电池领域具有很大的发展前景。