磨合试验及磨合吸引子初探

为了表征磨合过程和磨合状态,掌握磨合过程中表面形貌的变化规律,在销-盘式试验机上对45#钢摩擦副进行了润滑条件下的磨合试验,用T1000型表面粗糙度测量仪和计算机数据采集系统测量磨合过程中的表面形貌和粗糙度值,并用分形方法对表面形貌进行分形表征和分形参数计算。研究表明:随着磨合过程的进行,摩擦副表面的粗糙度和分形参数逐渐变化,当达到磨合状态时,2个表面具有互适匹配的稳态参数值。因而从非线性科学原理出发,将磨合过程当作摩擦学系统的自组织过程,提出磨合吸引子的概念,并进行了初步的探讨。     

基于分形理论的磨合磨损预测模型

把分形几何用于粗糙表面的表征,用具有尺度独立性的分形参数研究了磨合过程中表面形貌的变化规律。基于经典接触力学的基本结论和Ｒｏｗｅ的修正粘着磨损理论,建立了磨合磨损的分形预测模型;用此模型分析了表面形貌分形参数对磨损率的影响,并通过销一盘试验验证了本模型的正确性。     

磨合表面形貌变化的分形表征

用结构函数法计算磨损表面轮廓的分形维数和尺度系数。研究表明 :分形维数或尺度系数不能实现表面的唯一性表征。因此 ,把分形维数和尺度系数相结合 ,提出一个新的分形参数———特征粗糙度 ,给出了其定义和计算表达式 ,并在推进式试验机上进行摩擦磨损试验 ,对试件表面某一位置在不同磨合阶段的形貌进行精确复位测量 ,用特征粗糙度表征形貌的变化。表征结果表明 :特征粗糙度对反映磨合表面形貌的变化不但表现出很好的灵敏性 ,而且比分形维数更具有规律性。     

电火花毛化加工对轧辊表面磨损性能的影响

用分形几何理论来表征电火花毛化表面微观形貌,通过常规的表面粗糙度指标Ra,建立主要放电参数与毛化表面分形参数之间关系的数学模型,利用分形参数研究电火花毛化加工参数对表面形貌的影响规律。在摩擦磨损分形预测模型的基础上,分析了表面形貌分形参数对磨损率的影响。确定主要的放电加工参数脉冲峰值电流和脉冲宽度所导致的加工表面形貌变化对最终的磨损表面的磨损性能的影响,结果表明,对于具体的加工电极及工件材料,可以由最佳分形维数来确定最佳的放电脉冲宽度和峰值电流。计算结果对实际加工有重要指导作用。     

表面微观形貌的分形表征及模拟

最后的研究表明，机械加工表面的微观形貌具有自仿射性和多尺度性，因而表面形貌的高度分布方差、斜率和曲率的方差工现进唯一的。基于分形几何理论，用Ｗｅｉｅｒｓｔｒａｓ－Ｍａｎｄｅｌｂｒｏｔ分形函数来表征表面的微观形貌，所得到的参数是不依赖于测量尺度而变的“固有”参数。根据分形几何建立的表面轮廓的数学模型可对表面轮廓进行模拟，为建立三维表面形貌的评定参数提供理论依据。     

表面微观形貌参数尺度独立性的研究

表面微观形貌的表征主要采用传统粗糙度参数和分形参数等多种参数综合描述,尺度独立性是衡量表面形貌表征参数的重要指标。研究了传统粗糙度评定参数和分形维数等表面微观形貌表征参数的尺度独立性。以准分子激光加工,平磨、外圆磨、研磨等磨削机加工表面轮廓为对象,分析了取样长度和采样间距对传统粗糙度参数和分形维数的影响。结果表明,传统粗糙度参数受取样长度和采样间距影响较大,而分形参数与尺度独立性的相关性与加工方法有关系,微细加工表面微观形貌受取样长度和采样间距的影响比机加工表面要小,准分子激光等微细加工表面的分形参数具有尺度独立性。     

PEEK摩擦信号分形维数与表面形貌相关性试验研究

为研究聚醚醚酮树脂/球墨铸铁摩擦副磨合初期摩擦信号分形维数与聚醚醚酮初始表面形貌分形维数的相关性,在UMT-3MT摩擦磨损试验机上对聚醚醚酮树脂/球墨铸铁摩擦副进行了摩擦磨损试验,运用结构函数测度法对初始表面形貌、摩擦力信号、摩擦因数信号进行了分形表征,计算得到了不同载荷下的分形维数。研究结果表明,聚醚醚酮初始表面和摩擦信号均具有显著的分形特征;在相同速度、相同初始表面下,摩擦信号的分形维数随着载荷的增大而增大;在相同速度、不同载荷下,磨合初期摩擦信号的分形维数均与初始表面分形维数负相关。     

基于新一代产品几何技术规范的三维表面形貌参数不确定度

研究了基于新一代产品几何技术规范的三维表面形貌参数表征的不确定度,以WM分形函数模拟机加工表面三维形貌,提出表面高度算术平均偏差Sa、表面高度均方根偏差Sq、表面高度分布偏斜度Ssk、表面高度分布峭度Sku等三维表面形貌参数不确定度的算法。同时,对三维表面形貌参数不确定度算法的稳定性以及三维形貌参数不确定度与分形维数Ds的关系进行探讨。结果表明:提出的三维表面形貌参数不确定度算法具有较好的稳定性,分形参数、取样步距与三维表面形貌参数不确定度存在关联,三维表面形貌参数Sa、Ssk、Sku的不确度值随着分形维数的增大反而减小;而Sq不确定度值与分形维数呈正相关的关系。     

缸套-活塞环磨合过程摩擦力矩多重分形研究

针对缸套-活塞环磨合模拟试验过程中摩擦力矩的变化特点,提出一种用多重分形谱描述摩擦力矩信号复杂性的新方法。给出了摩擦力矩信号多重分形谱的计算方法,并对活塞环磨合过程中摩擦力矩信号多重分形谱的变化规律进行了试验研究。结果表明:随着磨合过程的进行,多重分形谱的宽度Δα值呈上升趋势,与活塞环磨损失重的变化规律是一致的;多重分形谱描述了摩擦副表面的动态变化过程,运用多重分形谱可有效地评价磨合磨损过程。     

基于分形的磨具表面形貌研究

本文阐述了用分形理论衡量和分析比较磨具表面质量的方法，通过对磨具表面的测试和分形研究，说明了分形方法能全面表征磨具的表面形貌，其分形参数可以作为衡量磨具表面质量的一个重要指标。     

Prediction of Surface Topography at the End of Sliding Running-In Wear Based on Areal Surface Parameters

Running in is a complex process, and it significantly influences the performance and service life of wear components as the initial phase of the entire wear process. Surface topography is an important feature of wear components. Therefore, it is reasonable to investigate the running-in process with the help of surface topography for improvement. Because the surface roughness after running in is independent of the nature of initial roughness, it is difficult to predict the surface topography after running in based on unworn surface topography. Aiming to build a connection of surface topographies before and after the running-in process, a black-box model predicting surface topography after the running-in process was established based on least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM), and the areal surface evaluation parameters were adopted as model variables. To increase the adaptability of the predictive model, the main factors of the work condition were also taken into consideration. The prediction effect and sensitivity of the model were tested and analyzed. The analysis indicates that the hybrid property of surface topographies before and after running in is closely related. Moreover, the surface topography after running in is influenced more by the initial surface topography than by the work condition.     

Simulation of surface topography with the method of movable cellular automata

Development of surface topography of two solids in a frictional contact is studied with the method of movable cellular automata. After the running-in process, the bodies are separated and the surface power spectra of both bodies are determined. The power spectra show a dependence on the wave vector, which is typical for fractal surfaces. It is shown, that roughness parameters of friction surface depend on relative velocity of sliding and external pressure.     

磨合表面的测量与分析

基于对磨合前、后发动机缸套表面形貌的测量，给出了发动机缸套表面形貌的偏态、峰态、平均波长、平均斜率等参数的设计要求。从磨损深度和磨损体积两方面对磨合磨损量进行了分析，并指出了两者间的区别。     

Microprocessor Control of Running-in of Plain Bearings

Correct running-in procedures have a major influence on the subsequent life and performance of a plain bearing. With very large bearings, the process can be both time-consuming and expensive.

It is necessary to control the running-in conditions very carefully, since too thick a lubricant film, will retard the running-in, while too little lubrication will lead to overheating and possible damage or even seizure. Since the surface topography is changing continuously during running-in, the optimum lubrication condition also changes.

This paper describes a new bearing rig in which running-in parameters are monitored and fed to a microprocessor which, in turn, controls the loading and speed conditions. The objective is to obtain correct running-in, in the minimum possible time.     

A partial elastohydrodynamic theory for the running-in process of hobbed gears

The running-in process of hobbed gears has been studied experimentally. The initial wear was found to be small although it increased with running speed and load. To explain the results, a simulation procedure was developed that was based on a random surface model and a proposed relation between film thickness, surface roughness and running conditions. A new oil model was used for the analysis of conditions between meshing rough flanks. The wear and deformation of asperities during the running-in period is due to direct contact between the asperities. The parameters determining wear and deformation are the adhesion and temperature between the asperities in contact.     

基于不同冲击频率条件下的套管磨损表面分形特征及磨损机制研究

选取TP140套管在自行研制的套管磨损试验机上进行磨损试验,利用表面形貌仪测量在不同冲击频率条件下的套管表面磨损形貌,选用结构函数法考察磨损形貌的分形特征,使用拟合误差法确定分形曲线的无标度区间并计算分形维数,利用扫描电子显微镜分析其磨损机制。结果表明:在不同冲击频率条件下的套管表面形貌存在明显的分形特征,但分形维数会随频率的不同而有所变化。从光学图像和扫描电镜图像可以看出磨损机制主要有粘着磨损和犁沟。