Association of Coping Styles with Quality of Life in Cancer Patients

Methods:The study was performed on 150 cancer patients (71 females and 79 males) admitted to the hospitals affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Endler and Parker Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, and World Health Organization''s Quality of Life Questionnaire were used to evaluate their coping style and QOL, respectively.Results:The Present study showed in cancer patients being male, single, having higher salary and education, and lower age are related to higher QOL. Furthermore, in general, QOL of cancer patients was positively correlated with avoidant coping style (P < 0.05, r : 0.170) and negatively associated with emotion-focused coping styles (P < 0.01, r : −0.378).Conclusion:The results suggested that focusing on a patient''s coping style, predominantly on an emotion-focused coping style, is essential to improve patient''s QOL, and that patients possibly to employ a more emotion-oriented coping style should receive enough notice, particularly before discharge.     

Validity and reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the BACS (Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia)

OBJECTIVE:To assess the validity and reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia by examining its temporal stability, internal consistency, and discriminant and convergent validity.METHODS:The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia was administered to 116 stable patients with schizophrenia and 58 matched control subjects. To assess concurrent validity, a subset of patients underwent a traditional neuropsychological assessment.RESULTS:The patients with schizophrenia performed significantly worse than the controls (p<0.001) on all subtests of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia and on the total score, which attests to the discriminant validity of the test. The global score of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia was significantly correlated with all of the subtests and with the global score for the standard battery. The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia also had good test-retest reliability (rho>0.8). The internal consistency of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia was high (Cronbach''s α  ϝ 0.874).CONCLUSION:The Brazilian Portuguese version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia exhibits good reliability and discriminant and concurrent validity and is a promising tool for easily assessing cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and for comparing the performance of Brazilian patients with that of patients from other countries.     

Symptom clusters and quality of life in China patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy

Objective

To explore the symptom clusters and quality of life in patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was completed with 183 patients from three public hospitals in Xi''an, China. Patients completed a demographic questionnaire, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung Cancer (FACT-L) and the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI-C). Factor analysis was used to identify symptom clusters based on the severity of patients'' symptom experiences. The resulting clusters were correlated with quality-of-life measures.

Results

The QOL scores of lung cancer patients on the functioning subscale were the lowest (9.70±5.30), while those of the family subscale were the highest (19.28±3.24). Three symptom clusters were identified: gastrointestinal, emotional and fatigue-related symptoms. There was a negative relationship between the symptom clusters and multiple dimensions of quality of life (r −0.178 ∼−0.805, p< 0. 05). Females, especially those women with low education level /chronic diseases, were experienced greater symptom distress than others.

Conclusions

The clusters had a negative relationship with QOL. Identifying symptom clusters helped clarify possible inter-relationships which may lead to the establishment of more effective symptom management interventions for patients with lung cancer in order to improve the quality of life.     

Quality of Life in Cancer Patients Receiving Palliative Care

Background:

The main focus of palliative care services is to improve the patient’s quality of life (QOL), which is defined as the subjective evaluation of life as a whole or the patient’s appraisal and satisfaction with their current level of functioning compared with what they perceive to be possible or ideal.

Aims:

In this prospective study we attempt to validate the Hindi version of a questionnaire designed by the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy (FACIT) measurement system; to measure the subjective QOL of cancer patients receiving home-based palliative care, determine ease of use of the questionnaire and correlate the QOL of these patients with the objective assessment of their Karnofsky’s performance status and their numerical pain score.

Settings and Design:

One hundred cancer patients receiving free home-based palliative care in New Delhi, India.

Materials and Methods:

A multidisciplinary palliative home care team using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G^©) questionnaire in Hindi.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Microsoft Excel Correlation.

Results:

The FACT-G^© questionnaire in Hindi is a useful tool in measuring QOL and can be used to monitor the patient’s progress and symptom control during the course of the disease. It is simple to use and does not take too much time to complete. The results are tabulated in English and can be used for comparison purposes globally; the scoring process is very simple.

Conclusions:

Increasing QOL and KPS showed a positive correlation whereas increasing pain and better QOL show negative correlation, as do better performance status and increasing pain score.     

Electronic Quality of Life Assessment Using Computer-Adaptive Testing

BackgroundQuality of life (QoL) questionnaires are desirable for clinical practice but can be time-consuming to administer and interpret, making their widespread adoption difficult.ObjectiveOur aim was to assess the performance of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-100 questionnaire as four item banks to facilitate adaptive testing using simulated computer adaptive tests (CATs) for physical, psychological, social, and environmental QoL.MethodsWe used data from the UK WHOQOL-100 questionnaire (N=320) to calibrate item banks using item response theory, which included psychometric assessments of differential item functioning, local dependency, unidimensionality, and reliability. We simulated CATs to assess the number of items administered before prespecified levels of reliability was met.ResultsThe item banks (40 items) all displayed good model fit (P>.01) and were unidimensional (fewer than 5% of t tests significant), reliable (Person Separation Index>.70), and free from differential item functioning (no significant analysis of variance interaction) or local dependency (residual correlations < +.20). When matched for reliability, the item banks were between 45% and 75% shorter than paper-based WHOQOL measures. Across the four domains, a high standard of reliability (alpha>.90) could be gained with a median of 9 items.ConclusionsUsing CAT, simulated assessments were as reliable as paper-based forms of the WHOQOL with a fraction of the number of items. These properties suggest that these item banks are suitable for computerized adaptive assessment. These item banks have the potential for international development using existing alternative language versions of the WHOQOL items.     

The Turkish version of the Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire in patients with chronic neck pain: a cultural adaptation,reliability, and validity study

IntroductionThe cultural adaptation of a self-report measurement in different languages is important for developing common strategies for evaluation and treatment. The Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire (NBQ), which was developed to evaluate patients with neck pain, was adapted from the Bournemouth Questionnaire in accordance with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) categories. The aim of this study was to conduct the Turkish cultural adaptation, validity and reliability study of the NBQ.Material and methodsThe study included 119 patients (93 females, 26 males; mean age: 37.2 ±11.8 years) with chronic nonspecific neck pain. The NBQ, Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) questionnaires were administered to all the subjects. Test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) and the internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) were the methods used for the reliability study. The relationship between NBQ, NDI and NHP was investigated for concurrent validity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used for construct validity.ResultsThe Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire showed good internal consistency (α = 0.87). The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.913 (95% CI: 0.875–0.940). The correlations between NBQ and NDI and NHP were significant (p < 0.05). The questionnaire was found to have one factor and the explained variance was 59.084% as a result of factor analysis.ConclusionsThe Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire is a valid and reliable scale for patients with chronic neck pain in the Turkish population.     

Quality of life in rectal cancer patients with permanent colostomy in Xi'an

Objectives

To observe the quality of life (QOL) in rectal cancer patients with permanent colostomy in different periods after operation.

Methods

A 1-,3-,6-month prospective study of QOL in 51 rectal cancer patients with permanent colostomy and 50 without permanent colostomy was assessed using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QOL-30 and CR38 questionnaires.

Results

The variation of QOL in different periods was “v” type. In the 1st postoperative month, these patients had the lowest quality of life scores, accompanied significantly varied functions and severe symptoms. Almost of all indexes of these patients had improved consistently in the postoperative period. The scores of global QOL even better than pre-operative level at 6th months post-operation, but the social function, body image, chemotherapy side effects and financial difficulties had not restored to the baseline level. Patients without permanent colostomy had a better score in most of categories of QOL-30 and CR38.

Conclusions

The 1st postoperative month was crucial for patients'' recovery, in which we should pay great attention to these problems which relate to the recovery of rectal cancer patients with permanent colostomy.     

Development and Evaluation of Korean Version of Quality of Sexual Function (QSF-K) in Healthy Korean Women

This study was done to develop a Korean version of the Quality of Sexual Function (QSF-K) and evaluate the validity and reliability of the QSF-K. The participants were 220 women who visited the Center for Uterine Cancer at the National Cancer Center in Korea. Participants completed the scale once and then again at a two to four week interval. The QSF-K, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30) were used in this study. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, area under the ROC curve (AUC), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Cronbach''s alpha were analyzed. In the analysis of the reliability, Cronbach''s alpha was 0.83 and the ICC was 0.70. The validity measured with the AUC of the QSF-K comparing the FSFI and Global Health/QOL of the EORTC-QLQ-C30 was 0.717 and 0.728, respectively. Specifically, the AUC of the sexual activity level of the QSF-K was 0.838 in the FSFI comparison. The AUC of the psycho-somatic QOL of the QSF-K was 0.758 in the Global Health/QOL of the EORTC-QLQ-C30 comparison. Approximately half of the women (51.8%) had mild complaints/problems. The Korean version of the QSF was developed and validated.

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Relationship of Quality of Life with Disability Grade in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Dysthymic Disorder

Background:

There is paucity of information on the relationship of quality of life (QOL) in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and dysthymic disorder (DD) with disability grade in India.

Aim:

To assess the relation of QOL with disability level in OCD and DD.

Materials and Methods:

This hospital based study was conducted in a medical institution in Davanagere, Karnataka, India. Data was collected by using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV Text Revision (DSM IV TR) criteria, WHO QOL BREF and IDEAS. Relationship between disability grade and QOL was assessed by independent sample t test.

Results:

Mild disabled OCD patients had a significantly better QOL in the Q1 domain i.e. perception on quality of life as compared to moderately disabled patients (P < 0.05), while in other domains of QOL, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). But, QOL score in physical domain showed significant difference across disability grades (56.00, SD = 6.89; 48.50, SD = 12.28) in DD, but not in other domains.

Conclusion:

Perception of QOL is better in those with mild disability in OCD, but in DD, physical domain of QOL score is more in mild disability compared to moderate disability.     

Development of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) Scale for Assessing Work-related Stress and Anxiety in Healthcare Workers in Response to Viral Epidemics

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, has had a major psychological impact on healthcare workers. However, very few scales are available to specifically assess work-related stress and anxiety in healthcare workers responding to a viral epidemic. This study developed a new assessment tool, the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) and aimed to validate it among healthcare workers directly affected by COVID-19 in Korea.MethodsA total of 1,019 healthcare workers responded through anonymous questionnaires during April 20–30, 2020. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to explore the construct validity, and the reliability was assessed using internal consistency measures of Cronbach''s alpha coefficients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to define the most appropriate cut-off point of SAVE-9 using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7; ≥ 5). Second, Spearman''s rank correlation coefficient was used to establish convergent validity for the SAVE-9 questionnaire with GAD-7 and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.ResultsThe nine-item scale had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach''s α = 0.795). It adopted a two-factor structure: 1) anxiety regarding viral epidemics and 2) work-related stress associated with viral epidemics. A cut-off score of 22 for the SAVE-9 ascertained levels of stress and anxiety in response to a viral epidemic in healthcare workers that warranted clinical attention. Correlations between the SAVE-9 and the other scales were statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe results suggest that the SAVE-9 is a useful, reliable, and valid tool to evaluate stress and anxiety responses in healthcare workers during viral epidemics.     

Development and Verification of an Internet Game Literacy Scale

BackgroundEducation on internet games for parents and internet game literacy are needed to prevent problematic internet game playing in Korea. We created an 18-item Internet Game Literacy Scale (IGLS). It is a valuable tool for assessing the positive and negative aspects of internet game play. We aimed to determine the validity of the IGLS and the cut-off for the tendency for internet gameplay.MethodsAn online research company gathered data from 300 participants. Factor analysis, including Cronbach''s α and consistency coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to verify the 18 items of the IGLS. Additionally, a K-means cluster analysis was performed to determine the cut-off values for positive and negative IGLS scores.ResultsThe 18 items of the IGLS were proven to be reliable, as evidenced by a high Cronbach''s alpha (α = 0.892). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.903, and Bartlett''s test of sphericity was good (χ² = 1,623.314, P < 0.001). All 18 items were segregated into two factors, with nine items each. The eigenvalue of all 18 items was significant at > 0.4. In the analysis of the validity of the 18-item IGLS with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (maximum likelihood estimation, with an oblique method), the fit indices of the standard three-factor model reached acceptable standards. The cut-off point of the total score between the low positive and average positive groups was 23, and the cut-off point of the total score between the average positive and high positive groups was 30. The cut-off point of the total score between the low negative and the average negative groups was 24. The cut-off point of the total score between the average negative group and the high negative group was 32.ConclusionThe study assessed the reliability and validity of the IGLS and suggested a cut-off for low, average, and high Internet game literacy degree with 300 Korean adults aged 21–49 years. The current results suggest that the IGLS has good internal consistency and a proper cut-off for positive and negative internet game literacy degrees.     

Cross-cultural Adaptation and Linguistic Validation of the Korean Version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Pain Scale

Distinction between neuropathic pain and nociceptive pain helps facilitate appropriate management of pain; however, diagnosis of neuropathic pain remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to develop a Korean version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) pain scale and assess its reliability and validity. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original LANSS pain scale into Korean was established according to the published guidelines. The Korean version of the LANSS pain scale was applied to a total of 213 patients who were expertly diagnosed with neuropathic (n = 113) or nociceptive pain (n = 100). The Korean version of the scale had good reliability (Cronbach''s α coefficient = 0.815, Guttman split-half coefficient = 0.800). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.928 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.885-0.959 (P < 0.001), suggesting good discriminate value. With a cut-off score ≥ 12, sensitivity was 72.6%, specificity was 98.0%, and the positive and negative predictive values were 98% and 76%, respectively. The Korean version of the LANSS pain scale is a useful, reliable, and valid instrument for screening neuropathic pain from nociceptive pain.     

Unilobar Versus Bilobar Biliary Drainage: Effect on Quality of Life and Bilirubin Level Reduction

Background:

Percutaneous biliary drainage is an accepted palliative treatment for malignant biliary obstruction.

Purpose:

To assess the effect on quality of life (QOL) and bilirubin level reduction in patients with inoperable malignant biliary obstruction treated by unilobar or bilobar percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD).

Materials and Methods:

Over a period of 2 years, 49 patients (age range, 22–75 years) of inoperable malignant biliary obstruction were treated by PTBD. Technical and clinical success rates, QOL, patency rates, survival rates, and complications were recorded. Clinical success rates, QOL, and bilirubin reduction were compared in patients treated with complete (n = 21) versus partial (n = 28) liver parenchyma drainage. QOL before and 1 month after biliary drainage were analyzed retrospectively between these two groups.

Results:

Biliary drainage was successful in all 49 patients, with an overall significant reduction of the postintervention bilirubin levels (P < 0.001) resulting in overall clinical success rate of 89.97%. Clinical success rates were similar in patients treated with whole-liver drainage versus partial-liver drainage. Mean serum bilirubin level before PTBD was 19.85 mg/dl and after the procedure at 1 month was 6.02 mg/dl. The mean baseline functional score was 39.35, symptom scale score was 59.55, and global health score was 27.45. At 1 month, mean functional score was 61.25, symptom scale score was 36.0 4, and global health score was 56.33, with overall significant improvement in QOL (<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the improvement of the QOL scores (P = 0.002), among patients who achieved clinical success, compared with those patients who did not achieve clinical success at 1 month. We did not find any significant difference in the QOL scores in patients according to the amount of liver drained (unilateral or bilateral drainage), the type of internalization used (ring biliary or stent). Overall, minor and major complications rates were 14.3% and 8.1%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Percutaneous biliary drainage provides good palliation of malignant obstructive jaundice. Partial-liver drainage achieved results as good as those after complete liver drainage with significant improvements in QOL and reduction of the bilirubin level.     

Characteristics and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma at the Uganda Cancer Institute

PurposeData on multiple myeloma (MM) in sub-Sahara Africa is scarce. In Uganda, there is a progressively increasing incidence of MM over the years.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study on 217 patients with MM at the UCI using purposive sampling method. The objectives of the study were to determine the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, 5 year overall survival and predictors of survival of patients with MM at the UCI from 01 January 2008 to 31 December 2012.ResultsThere were 119 (54.8%) males; the mean(SD) age of the study population at presentation was 59(12.8) years; 183(84.3%) patients presented with bone pain, and 135 (61.9%) had skeletal pathology; 186(85.3%) were HIV negative, and 152(70%) had Durie-Salmon stage III. The median overall survival was 2.5 years, (95% CI, 0.393–0.595); factors significantly associated with worse survival were Durie-Salmon stage III disease, HR=5.9, 95% CI (1.61 – 21.74; P=0.007) and LDH >225 U/L HR=3.3, 95% CI (0.57 – 5.92; P=0.029).ConclusionMost patients with multiple myeloma at the UCI were diagnosed at a relatively young age, presented with late stage disease and bone pain, and had a shorter survival time. Factors associated with worse survival were Durie-Salmon stage III and LDH >225 U/L.     

The Reliability and Validity of a Korean Translation of the ASAS Health Index and Environmental Factors in Korean Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis

The objective of this study was to develop a Korean version of the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society-Health Index/Environmental Factor (ASAS HI/EF) and to evaluate its reliability and validity in Korean patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). A total of 43 patients participated. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the ASAS HI/EF was performed according to international standardized guidelines. We also evaluated validity by calculating correlation coefficients between the ASAS-HI/EF score and the clinical parameters. Test-retest reliability was excellent. The correlations among the mean ASAS-HI score and all tools of assessment for SpA were significant. When it came to construct validity, the ASAS HI score was correlated with nocturnal back pain, spinal pain, patients''s global assessment score, the Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis metrology index (BASMI) and EuroQoL visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) (r = 0.353, 0.585, 0.598, 0.637, 0.690, 0.430, and -0.534). The ASAS EF score was also correlated with the patient''s global assessment''s score, BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, and EQ VAS score (r = 0.375, 0.490, 0.684, 0.485, and -0.554). The Korean version of the ASAS HI/EF can be used in the clinical field to assess and evaluate the state of health of Korean axial SpA patients.

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Eccentric Cycling Training Improves Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents with Obesity

IntroductionWhile eccentric (ECC) training appears to be more efficient than concentric (CON) training at improving body composition in adolescent with obesity, its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has never been studied.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to compare the effects of 2 cycling training modalities, i.e., ECC vs. CON, in adolescents with obesity on HRQOL and health perception (HP).MethodsA total of 24 adolescents with obesity, aged 12–16 years, were randomized to either a 12-week ECC or a CON cycling training program performed at the same oxygen consumption (VO₂). Anthropometric measurements, body composition, maximal incremental tests, HRQOL (Vécu et Santé Percue de l''Adolescent [VSP-A], Medical Outcome Study Short Form [SF-36]), and HP were assessed at before and after training.Results and ConclusionBoth CON and ECC cycling trainings promoted significant improvements in BMI, VO_2peak, total fat mass, and fat-free mass, with better improvements in body composition parameters in the ECC group (p < 0.05). The VSP-A total score increased after CON (p < 0.01) and ECC (p < 0.001) training, with better enhancement for the ECC group (p < 0.05). The SF-36 physical score increased after both CON (p < 0.01) and ECC (p < 0.001) trainings. The global HP score increased only after ECC training (p < 0.001). Except for the energy-vitality item, no significant correlation was found between changes in HRQOL and its subdomains and anthropometric, body composition, and functional parameters. Both ECC and CON cycling trainings are associated with positive changes in HRQOL and HP. However, ECC seems to induce greater improvements in HRQL and HP than CON cycling training, which is probably not due to the anthropometric, body composition, and functional changes.     

Turkish validity and reliability study of type 2 diabetes stigma assessment scale

Background/aim Stigma has a high incidence and adversely affects people with diabetes. In this context, patients face difficulties such as fear of losing their jobs, travel restrictions, isolation from social life, problems related to mental health, and feeling of wellness. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the stigma assessment scale in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methods The study sample consisted of 153 diabetic individuals. The validity of language, content, and construct were examined to evaluate the validity of the type 2 diabetes stigma assessment scale. Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess internal consistency reliability. Results The content validity index of 19 items which were detected as significant was found to be 0.86. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale is 0.92. The results of the item analysis show that all factor loads are significant (t-value > ±1.96). The coefficient of correlation between type 2 diabetes stigma assessment scale and test–retest technique was 0.82. Conclusion It was concluded that the stigma assessment scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nurses may use this tool to better understand and help relieve the prevalence and severity stigma of individuals with type 2 diabetes in Turkey.     

住院癌症患者生活质量与社会支持、应对方式的相关性研究

目的探讨住院癌症患者的生活质量及其与应对方式和社会支持的相关性。方法应用生活质量问卷(QLQ-C30)、应付方式评定量表(YFFS)、社会支持问卷(ISSI)对238例癌症患者进行调查。结果癌症患者中女性、不知病情、老年人、文化程度低、低收入患者的生活质量状况较差;癌症患者的积极应对和社会支持3个维度与其生活质量呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01),消极应对与生活质量呈负相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论医务人员应在重视患者生物属性的同时,重视他们的社会属性和心理状况,指导癌症患者采取积极的应对方式,增强其社会支持,以提高患者的生活质量。