Case report; the posttraumatic regeneration of the clavicle

Fractures of the lateral part account for 25% of all the clavicle fractures. In rare cases, especially with late presentation, the highly osteogenic periosteal sleeve will form bone from the distal epiphysis towards the medial part of the clavicle. In patients with trapezius muscle involvement, we suggest excision of the regenerated limb with a subsequent lock-down procedure of the posterior located clavicle in the periosteal sleeve.     

Variation of the arthroscopic Mumford procedure for resecting the distal clavicle

Fifty-seven patients had arthroscopic Mumford procedures for acromioclavicular (AC) pain unresponsive to conservative treatment. Thirty-nine of these patients had concomitant rotator cuff repairs. All had significant improvement of distal clavicular pain. Neither the amount nor the completeness of the distal clavicle resection affected the results. One patient with a significant retained lateral clavicular spike required additional surgery for excision. Arthroscopic distal clavicle resection is a safe and effective method of alleviating AC pain.     

Subcoracoid dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint

Subcoracoid acromioclavicular dislocations are rarely seen injuries of the shoulder. We present a patient with multiple injuries and a subcoracoid acromioclavicular dislocation resulting from a falling injury. Physical examination revealed painful mechanical block at 90 degrees of abduction and swelling in the acromioclavicular region. Diagnosis was made with direct radiographs and computerized tomography. Treatment consisted of distal clavicular resection and coracoclavicular reconstruction with the transfer of the coracoacromial ligament over the clavicle. The patient had a pain-free shoulder after two years and was capable of performing daily activities despite the presence of coracoclavicular ossification.     

Distal fracture clavicle and acromioclavicular dislocation: a case report and review the literature

Acromioclavicular dislocations and clavicle fractures are extremely common injuries. However, complete acromioclavicular dislocation combined with an adjacent clavicle fracture is very rare. Its recognition depends on a thorough assessment of the patient, including high-quality radiographs of the clavicle and acromioclavicular joint. This report describes an unusual injury: an acromioclavicular dislocation type III with a distal clavicle fracture type I in the same arm. The patient was treated conservatively with an immobilization for 6?weeks. After 9?months of follow-up, the patient had a pain-free shoulder with full range of motion.     

两种方法治疗肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折的疗效比较

目的比较采用锁骨钩钢板与克氏针加张力带钢丝内固定治疗肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾分析并比较采用克氏针加张力带钢丝固定治疗55例肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折及采用锁骨钩钢板固定治疗的37例肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折的疗效。结果前者55例患者中54例获得8~18个月随访,50例患者正常愈合,4例患者出现克氏针松动退出,导致固定失败,2次手术。后者37例患者全部获得8~18个月随访,全部正常愈合,无1例固定失败。结论采用锁骨钩钢板固定治疗肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折固定可靠,成功率高,符合生物力学要求,术后功能康复快,明显优于克氏针加张力带钢丝固定。     

肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折两种固定方法的比较

目的比较采用插入式锁骨钩钢板与克氏针加张力带钢丝内固定治疗肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾分析我院1997～2005年采用克氏针加张力带钢丝固定治疗的91例肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折及2002-2007年采用插入式锁骨钩钢板固定治疗的57例肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折。复位骨折或脱位后，前者用1～2枚直径为2．0或2．5mm克氏针由外向内经肩峰穿入锁骨外1／3附近上方出针，加用张力带钢丝加强固定；后者先将锁骨钩钢板的钩部插入肩峰下，然后将钢板体部用螺钉固定于锁骨上。结果前者91例患者中80例获得12～18个月随访，74例患者正常愈合，6例患者出现克氏针松动退出，导致固定失败二次手术。后者57例患者中51例获得12～20个月随访，51例患者全部正常愈合，无一例固定失败。结论采用插入式锁骨钩钢板固定治疗肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折操作简单、固定可靠、成功率高，符合生物力学要求，术后功能康复快，明显优于克氏针加张力带钢丝固定。     

锁骨钩钢板治疗锁骨远端骨折和肩锁关节脱位的并发症分析

【摘要】 目的 分析锁骨钩钢板内固定治疗锁骨远端骨折及肩锁关节脱位并发症的原因及其防治措施。方法 我科自2009年10月至2012年11月,对应用锁骨钩钢板内固定治疗锁骨远端骨折及肩锁关节脱位126例病人资料进行回顾性分析,其中男性81例,女性45例;年龄16~79岁,平均37.6岁。结果 全部病例获得随访,随访时间3个月~2年,平均时间11月,其中39例患者出现钩钢板直接相关的并发症有肩痛、应力性骨折、脱钩等。疗效评价采用肩关节Constant评分评定疗效,获优32例,良68例,可16例,优良率79.4%。结论 大多数并发症可以预防,正确手术和内固定置入及术后合理功能锻炼是预防并发症的关键。     

锁骨钩钢板内固定术后肩部疼痛和外展受限的分析

目的探讨采用锁骨钩钢板内固定治疗锁骨远端骨折和肩锁关节脱位术后并发肩部疼痛和肩关节外展受限的原因。方法将60例锁骨远端骨折和肩锁关节脱位患者随机分为A、B两组。锁骨钩钢板外侧钩的安置采用两种不同方式：A组（30例）患者术中仅显露锁骨骨折断端及肩锁关节,不显露肩峰,锁骨钩钢板外侧钩于肩锁关节后方盲插入肩峰下进行固定;B组（30例）患者同时显露肩峰,将锁骨钩钢板外侧钩紧贴肩峰于骨膜下插入进行固定,以减少钢板钩部与肩峰之间软组织嵌入。对两组术后出现患侧肩关节疼痛不适及外展受限发生率进行组间对比分析。结果 55例患者获得12-24个月随访,5例失访。肩关节疼痛及外展轻度受限B组28例中出现3例,发生率为10.7%;A组27例中出现9例,发生率为33.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论术中充分显露肩峰,紧贴肩峰插入锁骨钩钢板外侧钩,使外侧钩部与肩峰紧密贴合,可减少其间软组织嵌入和肩峰与钢板钩部撞击,从而减少术后肩关节疼痛及外展受限等并发症的发生率。     

浮肩损伤的分类与治疗

目的 :探讨浮肩损伤的分类与治疗。方法 :回顾性分析自 1995年 5月～ 2 0 0 3年 2月共收治的 14例浮肩损伤病例 ,将浮肩损伤分为 3型。A型 :同侧肩胛颈骨折 锁骨干骨折 ;B型 :同侧肩胛颈骨折 锁骨外侧端骨折 ;C型 :同侧肩胛颈骨折 肩锁关节脱位。本组A型 9例 ,B型 3例 ,C型 2例。本组非手术治疗 6例。手术治疗 8例 ,其中A型损伤 4例 ,B型损伤 3例 ,C型损伤 1例。均只手术固定锁骨或肩锁关节。采用AO重建钢板 3例 ,AO锁骨钩钢板 3例 ,克氏针 2例。结果 :14例均得到随访 ,时间 6～ 3 6个月 ,平均 18个月 ,肩关节功能根据Herscovici标准进行评定。本组非手术 6例 ,优 1例 ,良 5例。手术 8例 ,优 3例 ,良 4例 ,可 1例。结论 :对于浮肩损伤进行分类 ,有利于浮肩损伤的诊断和选择治疗方法 ,手术中仅牢固固定锁骨可达到肩关节上部悬吊复合体稳定。     

New classification of epiphyseal-plate injuries with regard to therapy and prognosis (author's transl)

In this report a new simple classification of epiphyseal-plate injuries with regard to therapy and prognosis is pointed out. The classification can be used for each epiphysis and will be demonstrated on the injuries of the distal lower leg. Type I: There is complete separation of the epiphysis from the metaphysis without and with a metaphyseal fragment. The prognosis for growth is excellent after conservative or operative treatment. Type II: The fracture which is intraarticular (epiphyseal fragment) and the fracture across the full thickness of the epiphyseal plate and through a portion of the metaphysis needs accurate reduction. The prognosis for growth is good only after open operation. Type III: This relatively uncommon injury results from a very severe crushing force applied through the epiphysis to one area of the epiphyseal plate. The prognosis in this type is decidedly poor. The need for regular follow-up observation in these cases is obvious. At the end the good results of 40 patients after epiphyseal-plate injuries of the distal lower leg are presented.     

An unusual early complication of fracture. Separation of the distal humeral epiphysis

Summary A fracture separation of the distal humeral epiphysis, a rare injury can result in an extensive periosteal new bone formation around the humeral metaphysis due to extensive periosteal stripping, if an early and appropriate diagnosis is not established. A case with a rapid bone formation after such an injury is presented.     

Atraumatic osteolysis of the distal clavicle: histologic evidence of synovial pathogenesis. A case report

Osteolysis of the distal clavicle was diagnosed in a young male athlete following many years as a baseball pitcher with a supplementary weightlifting program. There was no history of ligamentous injuries, contusions, fractures or separation of the acromioclavicular joint. As such, this case was categorized as "atraumatic" osteolysis. Non-decalcified histologic sections from the resected clavicle suggest that the pathogenesis of this atraumatic osteolysis arose from the synovium.     

Floating clavicle after a high velocity biking accident: A case report of an acromioclavicular dislocation with simultaneous proximal clavicle fracture managed surgically

IntroductionClavicle fractures and acromioclavicular joint dislocations are very common injuries. However, the combination of both, known as “floating clavicle” is extremely rare, with approximately 40 cases reported.Presentation of caseWe report a case of a healthy 51-year-old male who suffered a high-velocity biking accident, with a bipolar clavicle injury (type IV acromioclavicular joint dislocation and proximal clavicle fracture), with concomitant rib fractures and pulmonary contusion. He received early surgical treatment by open reduction and osteosynthesis of the proximal clavicle (distal ulna plate, Protean®) and open reduction and stabilization with a MINAR® implant for the acromioclavicular joint. After an initial one-month immobilization, he started physical therapy. In the 10-month follow-up he presented with a pain-free full range of motion, a good cosmetic result, and radiological consolidation.DiscussionBipolar clavicle injury is a rare clinical entity that encompasses a spectrum of combined clavicle fractures, acromioclavicular or sternoclavicular joint dislocations. They are sustained in a high-energy context, and accompanying injuries must be sought. Diagnosis is made through X-Ray and CT. Despite the lack of clinical guidelines, most authors agree on surgical management of at least one of the injuries, with multiple surgical techniques available. There is an emphasis in surgical treatment of the young and active patient. Conservative treatment is associated with poorer results.ConclusionIt is advisable to have a high index of suspicion for floating clavicle in a high-energy trauma patient, given possible life-threatening injuries, and long-term shoulder sequelae. Surgery should be considered in a young and active patient.     

锁骨钩钢板治疗肩锁关节全脱位和/或锁骨远端骨折

目的 :比较研究锁骨钩钢板 (ClavicularhookplateortheBalserplate)与常规方法治疗肩锁关节全脱位和 /或锁骨远端骨折。方法 :回顾性分析比较锁骨钩钢板治疗肩锁关节全脱位和 /或锁骨远端骨折与常规方法 (克氏针张力带、钢丝环扎、人工韧带等 )治疗组的治疗效果及并发症。结果 :锁骨钩钢板治疗组在治疗效果及并发症发生率上明显优于常规治疗组 ,比率分别如下 :满意率 86.7%～ 60 .7% ,复位率 10 0 %～ 71.4%、断钉断板率 0 %～ 2 1.4%、再脱位率 0 %～2 5 %、感染率 0 %～ 2 5 % ,P <0 .0 5。结论 :治疗肩锁关节全脱位和 /或锁骨远端骨折的方法多种多样 ,锁骨钩钢板是一种创新、优异的值得推荐的方法。     

Anatomie der akromiokorakoklavikulären Region

Background

The acromioclavicular (AC) joint connects the acromion with the lateral end of the clavicle and constitutes an important load-transmitting element between the upper extremity and the skeleton of the trunk.

Aim

This review discusses functional aspects that relate the AC and the coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments to AC joint instability and lateral clavicle fracture.

Results

In terms of stability the AC and CC ligaments play a pivotal role for this region. Under normal conditions the restraint system is balanced and becomes unbalanced in cases of injury such as AC joint instability or lateral clavicular fractures. Skeletal injuries frequently affect the ligaments with their usually sharp-angled insertion sites, which alters the function of the restraint system. As a consequence these injuries lead to multidirectional dislocating forces acting on the scapula in relationship to the lateral end of the clavicle. Previously, special attention was given to the vertical dislocation of the lateral clavicle, whereas less attention was paid to other factors which could lead to dislocation in other directions. Therefore, in this review emphasis is placed on the anatomical principles of multidirectional dislocation of the AC joint the fractured lateral clavicle.

Conclusion

Current clinical classification schemes fail to sufficiently include these multidirectional dislocating forces; however, they have to be considered when choosing the appropriate treatment modality. Thus, understanding the anatomical and functional context of the AC/CC region is essential for a sound management of AC joint injuries and fractures of the distal clavicle.

     

关节镜辅助喙锁悬吊固定联合改良Weaver-unn手术治疗陈旧性肩锁关节脱位

目的探讨关节镜辅助喙锁悬吊固定联合改良Weaver-Dunn手术治疗陈旧性肩锁关节脱位的疗效。 方法2016年3月至2017年3月,对8例陈旧性肩锁关节脱位的患者采用关节镜下喙锁间隙悬吊固定联合改良Weaver-Dunn手术,术后随访6~18个月。测量术后即刻与末次随访时的喙锁间隙差值,评估复位丢失情况,采用疼痛视觉模拟（VAS）评分及加州大学洛杉矶分校（UCLA）评分评价患者肩关节功能。 结果术后末次随访时患者喙锁间隙与术后即刻喙锁间隙差值为（0.41±0.26）mm,VAS评分为2.88分,UCLA评分为（173.6±11.3）分,患者肩锁关节丢失率低、术后疼痛及功能均得到明显改善。 结论关节镜辅助喙锁固定联合改良Weaver-Dunn技术治疗陈旧性肩锁关节脱位有较好的疗效。     

锁骨钩钢板治疗肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折

目的探讨锁骨钩钢板（CHP）治疗TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位和NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折的临床效果。方法应用锁骨钩钢板治疗肩锁关节脱位50例和锁骨远端骨折42例。结果88例获得随访,时间6～36（23．2±7．1）个月,复查X线片见骨折、脱位均复位满意。42例锁骨远端骨折均获得骨性愈合,时间6～18周,内固定物断裂3例,但骨折均愈合良好。46例肩锁关节脱位者中有36例取出CHP,1例术后4d再次受伤出现钢板近侧锁骨骨折,更换较长CHP固定后治愈,9例尚未取出CHP,但均无再脱位。按Karlsson疗效评定标准：优43．2％（38／88）,良50．0％（44／88）,差6．8％（6／88）,优良率达93．2％（82／88）。结论锁骨钩钢板设计合理,符合肩锁关节的解剖生理特点,具有固定确切和可早期功能锻炼的优点,是治疗TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位及NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折的较好选择。     

浮肩损伤

目的探讨浮肩损伤（floating shoulder injuries,FSI）的临床特征及治疗方法.方法回顾分析1999年6月至2005年6月收治的36例FSI的临床资料,其中肩胛颈骨折合并同侧锁骨骨折31例、肩锁关节脱位5例.患者均有不同程度的合并损伤,其中肋骨骨折、血气胸和（或）肺挫伤占88.9%.伤后至手术时间为3～43 d,平均9.6 d.术中首先复位固定锁骨骨折或肩锁关节脱位,然后采用改良Judet后方入路处理肩胛颈骨折.肩胛颈骨折合并锁骨骨折或肩锁关节脱位行一期内固定33例,术中仅固定锁骨骨折3例.结果术后随访6～69个月,平均19.7个月.肩胛颈骨折在目标区上均获解剖复位.根据Constant和Murley的疗效标准,术后肩关节功能评分为9～100分,平均81.3分,中位数为93%.按照Herscovici的疗效标准,优25例（69.4%）,良6例（16.7%）,可4例（11.1%）,差1例（2.8%）,疗效优良率为86.1%.术后复发血气胸1例,肩关节外展受限、肩峰下间隙疼痛3例,迟发性肩胛上神经损伤1例,肩关节不稳定继发创伤性关节炎1例.结论FSI使肩胛颈的解剖结构及其上方悬吊装置受到双重破坏,非手术治疗难以纠正不稳定型FSI的三维移位,早期切开复位内固定可取得满意疗效.     

Arthroscopic Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction Using Biologic and Suture Fixation

Presented in this report is a modified arthroscopic approach to acromioclavicular joint reconstruction via suture and allograft fixation. An arthroscopic approach is used to expose the base of the coracoid by use of electrocautery. After an open distal clavicle excision is performed, clavicular and coracoid tunnels are created under arthroscopic visualization as previously described by Wolf and Pennington. The myotendinous end of a semitendinosus allograft is sutured to a Spider plate (Kinetikos Medical, San Diego, CA). The tendinous end of the graft is prepared with a running baseball stitch. A Nitinol wire with a loop end (Arthrex, Naples, FL) is used to pass 2 free FiberTape sutures (Arthrex) and the leading sutures from the tendinous end of the graft through the clavicular and coracoid tunnels, exiting out the anterior portal. One of the FiberTape sutures is retrieved with a grasper and passed over the anterior aspect of the distal clavicle. The second FiberTape suture and the allograft are passed over the distal end of the resected clavicle. While the acromioclavicular joint is held reduced, the FiberTape sutures are tied to the plate and the allograft is tensioned medially until the plate is embedded against the superior surface of the clavicle. The tendinous end of the graft is secured to the superior surface of the clavicle with a Bio-tenodesis screw (Arthrex) medial to the clavicular tunnel.     

联合带线锚钉功能重建锁骨远端Neer Ⅱb型骨折中喙锁韧带的意义

目的探索用锁骨远端解剖锁定板治疗锁骨远端Neer Ⅱb型骨折,同时联合使用带线锚钉对喙锁韧带进行功能重建的意义及其必要性。 方法回顾分析手术治疗的锁骨远端Neer Ⅱb型骨折41例患者,用锁骨远端解剖锁定板治疗21例,用锁骨远端锁定板并联合带线锚钉重建喙锁韧带20例。分别测量两组患者X线片术前、术后以及随访终末的喙突及锁骨间距离,用视觉模拟评分法进行术后疼痛评分,用美国加州洛杉矶大学UCLA功能评分法进行肩关节功能评测。将数据进行对比,分析两种术式的差异。 结果41例患者随访时间为6~26个月,平均14.5个月。X线片显示锁骨骨折均获得骨折愈合,未见明显骨折移位及内固定物断裂。两组手术方式患者术后疼痛评分及肩关节功能评分无明显差异,两者术后及末次随访的喙锁间隙差异显著。 结论联合使用带线锚钉功能重建喙锁韧带治疗锁骨远端Neer Ⅱ型骨折可以带来更好的肩锁关节垂直方向的稳定性,允许早期的功能锻炼。