一期病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的 探讨一期病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效.方法 2007年8月-2011年2月选择性手术治疗胸腰椎结核60例.其中,T5以上采取后路固定经病椎肋横突切除胸膜外入路;T5-T11采用常规开胸入路;T12-L4采取经腹膜外肾切口入路;L5采取前后联合入路.均行一期病灶清除植骨融合内固定术.结果 60例术...     

不同横突定位臂丛神经阻滞在肩上肢手术中的临床应用

目的评价不同横突入路肌间沟臂丛阻滞在肩上肢手术中的应用价值。方法采用三种不同横突入路肌间沟臂丛阻滞实施上肢手术200例,C5、C6、C7横突入路分别为72、70和52例。评价阻滞后30min各感觉和运动神经阻滞效果,并记录并发症情况。结果总的优良率为94.5%,C5、C6、C7入路分别为94.8%、92.9%和96.1%。其中C5入路对腋神经和C4神经阻滞率较C6、C7入路高(P<0.05),而C7入路对尺神经阻滞率明显提高(P<0.05)。结论根据手术部位选择不同横突入路的肌间沟臂丛阻滞,定位简单,成功率高,可满足整个肩部上肢手术的要求。     

经枕颈后外侧入路齿状突切除治疗寰枢椎陈旧性脱位

目的　为解决难复性寰枢椎陈旧性脱位的外科治疗,探索手术入路措施。方法采用经枕颈后外侧入路切除齿状突并一期行枕颈融合治疗难复性寰枢椎陈旧性脱位5例。结果5 例手术经过顺利,术后神经症状均有明显改善,肌力均有一级以上恢复。无感染及死亡。结论　对难复性寰枢椎陈旧性脱位,尤其是压迫因素来自前方者,经枕颈后外侧入路切除齿状突和颈2 椎体后上份,能同时达到脊髓前、后方彻底减压及一期枕颈融合。此手术入路齿状突显露清楚,手术操作简便、安全。是一种较理想的手术方法。     

枕颈后外侧人路齿状突切除治疗寰枕部畸形

目的：探索治疗寰枕部畸形的新的手术入路。方法：采用经枕颈后外侧入路齿状突切除治疗寰枕部畸形4例，一期达到前方、侧方及后方的减压并后路植骨枕颈融合，术后Holo背心头环外固定。结果：本组病例获效满意，无病情加重，无手术死亡及术后感染，术后随访10个月～5年6个月，感觉恢复接近正常，四肢肌力明显增加，肌张力降低，能自己行走。结论：经枕颈后外侧入路行齿状突切除术野清楚、操作简单、减压充分，经枕颈后外侧入路是治疗寰枕部畸形较为理想的手术入路。     

"Y"型钢板和重建钛板治疗肱骨髁间骨折

目的讨论应用重建钛板治疗肱骨髁间骨折术后的疗效。方法采用手术治疗肱骨髁间骨折64例,根据AO肱骨髁间骨折分型,C1型12例,C2型43例,C3型9例。合并肱骨干骨折4例,尺神经损伤5例,桡神经损伤3例,全部为闭合性骨折。采用鹰嘴截骨入路及肱三头肌腱膜舌状瓣入路手术治疗,术后1周行肘关节主被动功能锻炼。结果64例患者均获得随访,除1例发生切口感染,经换药治疗后愈合外,其余切口及骨折全部一期愈合,肘关节功能恢复均较满意。结论骨折粉碎程度直接影响预后。早期手术,选用尺骨鹰嘴截骨手术入路,坚强内固定,早期功能锻炼是提高疗效的关键因素。     

人工椎体置换术治疗脊柱结核（附10例报告）

脊柱结核病人病灶清除后缺损较大,采取植骨等方法不易解决时,可行人工椎体置换1术[1,4]。我院从1987年～1989年对10例脊柱结核病人采用一期切除病灶,并置入人工椎体,平均随访.2年以上。获得满意效果。2临床资料 本组10例中,男4例,女6例;年龄最小者3岁,最大者60岁,平均42岁。农民9例,工人1例。病程最长者2年,最短者5个月。病变部位:胸椎中段3例,下段4例,胸腰段1例,L1～2例。受累椎体均在2个以上。术前合并截瘫者4例,其中完全截瘫者1例。2手术2.1手术入路 本组7例胸椎结核中,采用经胸腔入路4例,肋骨横突切除入路3例。胸腰椎采用肾切口腹膜外…     

强直性脊柱炎合并双侧髋关节骨性融合的外科治疗

[目的]介绍强直性脊柱炎合并双侧髋关节骨性融合的手术入路和手术方法.[方法]采用股外侧U形切口入路(改良Oilier手术),切断阔筋膜、髂胫束和大转子,自肌肉间隙分离暴露髋关节,不需要横断肌肉.截断骨性融合的髋关节、挖髋臼和镶入假体都能在直视下进行.只需要将大转子复位钢丝固定,并将切断的阔筋膜用"十"字形缝合,防止缝线撕脱,即可达到术后早期下床活动的目的.[结果]本组50例,除1例切口感染外,其余病例均一期愈合.术后都能早期下床活动,无其他并发症发生.[结论]采用股外侧U形切口治疗强直性脊柱炎合并双侧髋关节骨性融合,能达到暴露清楚、操作方便和术后功能恢复快的目的.     

经前路手术治疗Tile C型骨盆环损伤

目的 介绍经骨盆前入路手术治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折的方法。方法 采用经髂骨内侧弧形切口和Pfannenstiel切口入路，骨盆骨折脱位复位后，分别用重建钢板内固定。临床治疗19例，其中C1 15例，C2 2例，C3 2例。结果 19例随访时间6个月～2．5年，平均1．5年。17例骨盆骨折3个月达骨性愈合，2例4个月达骨性愈合。无感染、血管神经损伤等并发症。结论 经前入路手术治疗Tile C型骨折是一种安全、疗效好的治疗方法。     

极外型腰椎间盘突出症的治疗

[目的]研究极外型腰椎间盘突出症的治疗，尤其是L5／S1间隙孔外突出的治疗。[方法]单纯椎间孔外突出经后正中旁切口椎板外侧入路，伴有椎管内病变者经后正中切口加行椎板间入路。L5／S1间隙均行骶骨翼，L5横突，椎板外缘部分切除。[结果]经2～5年随访，优19例；良3例；可3例；差0例，优良率88．9％。[结论]极外型腰椎间盘突出症，手术治疗效果可靠，L5／S1间隙必须切除部分骶骨翼，L5横突，椎板外缘（骶上关节突外缘）才能良好显露。     

颈前路减压融合术后两种后路再减压手术的疗效比较

对于颈前路减压融合术（anterior decompression and fusion,ADF）后需接受再次减压处理的患者,多采用颈后路椎板切除减压术和颈后路单开门或双开门椎管扩大成形术,在减压同时,又可避免经前方入路对重要结构的损伤,并保留部分颈椎活动度。但目前关于颈后路手术作为ADF后再次手术效果评价的研究极少,且尚未检索到关于两种手术效果比较的报道。     

Anterior cervical foramenotomy for cervical radiculopathy

Anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) is standard practice for cervical radiculopathy. Irrespective of the precise method used, it involves more or less complete disc removal with resultant anatomical and biomechanical derangements, and frequently the insertion of a bone or prosthetic graft. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is an alternative procedure that allows effective anterior decompression of the nerve root and lateral spinal cord, whilst conserving the native disc, preserving normal anatomy and movement, and protecting against later degeneration at adjacent spaces as far as possible. The aim of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of anterior cervical foramenotomy in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and took the form of a prospective study of 21 cases under the care of a single surgeon. All patients had a single level or two level anterior cervical foramenotomy. All had pre- and postoperative visual analogue scores for arm and neck pain, arm strength, sensation and overall use. A comparison between patients' perceptions and surgeon's observations was also made. Patients were followed up for between 10 and 36 months. Sixty-eight per cent completed full pre- and postoperative assessments. Twenty-eight per cent of the responders had complete arm pain resolution. There were statistically significant reductions in arm and neck pain, and overall disability. The surgeon's impression of improvement paralleled that of the patients. There was one complication with discitis. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is a safe and effective treatment for cervical radiculopathy caused by posterolateral cervical disc prolapse or uncovertebral osteophyte, and might also reduce adjacent segment degeneration.     

Posterior cervical laminoplasty formultilevel cervical spine stenosis

Cervical laminoplasty for treating multilevel spinal stenosis appears to be a good surgical alternative to the more traditional laminectomy or anterior decompression and fusion. This procedure avoids the morbidity associated with extensive anterior procedures and also appears not to be associated with late kyphosis, which can be seen in patients after a laminectomy. This review outlines the rationale, indications, contraindications, and early clinical results for patients undergoing a posterior laminoplasty.     

Alternating cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

We present a novel method of performing an 'open-door' cervical laminoplasty. The complete laminotomy is sited on alternate sides at successive levels, thereby allowing the posterior arch to be elevated to alternate sides. Foraminotomies can be carried out on either side to relieve root compression. The midline structures are preserved. We undertook this procedure in 23 elderly patients with a spondylotic myelopathy. Each was assessed clinically and radiologically before and after their operation. Follow-up was for a minimum of three years (mean 4.5 years; 3 to 7). Using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system, the mean pre-operative score was 8.1 (6 to 10), which improved post-operatively to a mean of 12.7 (11 to 14). The mean percentage improvement was 61% (50% to 85.7%) after three years. The canal/vertebral body ratio improved from a mean of 0.65 (0.33 to 0.73) pre-operatively to 0.94 (0.5 to 1.07) postoperatively. Alternating cervical laminoplasty can be performed safely in elderly patients with minimal morbidity and good results.     

微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病

【摘要】 目的：探讨微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病的有效性。方法：2008年7月~2010年7月12例单侧神经根型颈椎病患者在延边大学医院接受微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术。其中男7例,女5例,年龄为35~68岁,平均49岁。椎间孔狭窄部位：C5/6 4例,C6/7 5例,C7/T1 3例。软性髓核突出3例,钩椎关节骨质增生7例,突出的髓核钙化2例。均行前路手术,术中采用脊柱手术专用显微镜,在病变上位椎体确定钻孔起始部位,利用高速钻石气钻磨出一约6mm直径的通路达到病变区域,减压椎间孔。观察术前及末次随访时上肢放射性疼痛的VAS评分、颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）及病变水平椎间盘高度。结果：手术时间为56~110min,平均86±6min;术中失血量为40~120ml,平均92±8ml。无椎动脉损伤、贺纳氏综合征、喉返神经损伤等并发症。术后随访时间为12~23个月,平均15.8±1.3个月。术前上肢疼痛VAS评分为8.5±0.5分（7~10分）,末次随访时为1.4±0.2分（0~3分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）;术前NDI为26.4±1.3分（22~31分）,末次随访时为4.2±0.6分（3~8分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）,改善率为84.1%;术前病变水平椎间盘高度为5.4±0.7mm（4.2~6.1mm）,末次随访时为4.9±0.7mm（3.6~5.8mm）,两者比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）。术后满意度为100%。结论：微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术可减少对椎间盘的损伤,是治疗单侧神经根型颈椎病的有效手术方法。     

Anterior cervical microforaminotomy for cervical radiculopathy--results and review

Analysis of anterior cervical microforaminotomy performed at the North Staffordshire University Hospital along with a review of literature of this minimally invasive procedure is presented. METHODS: A retrospective-prospective study was performed on 34 patients (24 males, 10 females) with cervical disc disease who had been surgically treated with anterior cervical microforaminotomy between 1999 and 2005. Age ranged from 37 to 75. MRI findings were disc prolapse in 28 and additional osteophytes in six. Microforaminotomy was performed according to the published technique. RESULTS: Single level operations were performed in 22 patients (21 unilateral, 1 bilateral) and multi-level operations were performed in 12 patients (7 unilateral and 5 bilateral). The short-term outcomes were excellent in 65% (i.e., complete resolution of all symptoms), good in 29% (relief of radiculopathy but some non-radicular discomfort persists), and fair in 6% (mild residual radiculopathy with or without non-radicular symptoms). Postoperative complications include one patient with partial C6 root damage, which was identified intraoperatively, but had excellent results at 2 months post operation. Long-term follow-up (using the cervical spine research society questionnaire) ranged from 2-48 months. The average pain score, neurological outcome and functional outcome improved after this operation. RE-OPERATION: One patient, who had 2 level bilateral surgeries, needed discectomies with fusion for new onset myelopathy 18 months later. CONCLUSION: Appropriate patient selection is cardinal in achieving good outcome in anterior microforaminotomy.     

Percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty and percutaneous cervical discectomy treatments of the contained cervical disc herniation

Background  

There were no studies in literature to compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous nucleoplasty (PCN) and percutaneous cervical discectomy (PCD) in contained cervical disc herniation.     

前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术与动态装置植入术治疗单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症

目的 对比前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术(ACDF)与颈椎前路动态装置植入术(DCI)对单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症(CDH)患者颈椎活动度(ROM)及术后颈椎曲度的影响.方法 回顾性分析2018年6月—2019年9月海军军医大学长征医院收治的78例单节段CDH患者临床资料,其中42例采用ACDF治疗(ACDF组),36例采用DC...     

颈椎不稳在交感型颈椎病发病中的作用

目的：研究交感型颈椎病的病理因素及治疗方法。方法：回顾分析了1988-2000年收治的20例手术治疗的交感型颈椎病患者。根据术前及术后颈椎伸屈侧位X光片判断有无颈椎不稳。结果：20例患者术前均有颈椎不稳,颈椎不稳主要发生在C3-C4和C4-C5,颈椎高位硬膜外封闭对大部分患者有短期效果。每例患者均于不稳节段行颈前路融合术,手术有效率为90％。结论：颈椎不稳是导致交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素;颈椎高位硬膜外封闭可有短期疗效因此具有重要的诊断价值;颈椎前路植骨融合术是治疗交感型颈椎病的有效方法。     

Postoperative instability of cervical OPLL and cervical radiculomyelopathy

The presence of cervical spine instability with respect to preoperative and postoperative changes in angular, horizontal, and rotational displacement of the vertebral body were studied. With the anterior approach, the instability in the remaining unfused segments, and their relation to the kyphotic or lordotic fused segment were studied. With the posterior approach, postoperative ROM (range of motion) could be better maintained, and horizontal displacement was improved in more cases by laminoplasty compared with laminectomy. With the anterior approach, the compensatory function for the loss of motion of the segments resulting from fusion was most remarkable at the levels of C2-3 and C6-7. In the alignment of the anterior fused segments, it appears important that the physiologic lordotic position be maintained.