眼镜产品透射比测量中相关问题的研究

介绍眼镜产品透射比定义的特殊性，就眼镜产品透射比实际测量中有关测量仪器、测量方法、测量数据处理等方面的相关问题进行研究。     

眼镜片中心透射比标准测量装置的成果转化及功能扩展

中心透射比是反映眼镜质量的一个十分重要的指标.中国计量科学研究院的科研成果"眼镜片中心透射比标准测量装置",解决了多种镜片中心透射比的测量问题,填补了国内空白.本文主要论述了在将该成果转化为商用仪器以及功能扩展过程中所遇到的一些问题,并简要介绍有关太阳镜及角膜接触镜的一些测量情况.     

浅谈眼镜标准存在的问题

在我国眼镜行业现行的国家标准、行业标准中，有些标准本身就不规范、不完善，标准之间还互相矛盾且存在较明显的差异，给执行者造成困惑，影响了标准的有效实施。GB10810．1—2005《眼镜镜片第1部分：单光和多焦点镜片》、GB10810．2--2006《眼镜镜片第2部分：渐变焦镜片》、GB10810．3—2006《眼镜镜片及相关眼镜产品第3部分：透射比规范及测量方法》、     

CCGF208.1-2008《定配眼镜产品质量监督抽查实施规范》解读

CCGF208.1-2008《定配眼镜产品质量监督抽查实施规范》于2008年7月22日经国家质检总局以第一批公告发布,自2008年10月1日起实施。一、CCGF208.1-2008的主要内容1.检验依据GB10810.1-2005《眼镜镜片第1部分：单光和多焦点镜片》GB10810．3—2006《眼镜镜片及相关眼镜产品第3部分：透射比规范及测量方法》     

中红外光谱规则透射比量值比对

为保证量值准确、可靠,适应国内材料中红外规则透射比校准工作发展需要,以公正、科学地反映相关单位测量能力,客观、准确地复现各参加比对实验室的仪器设备的测量准确度程度以及考查其检定人员的技术水平,本文介绍了由中国计量科学研究院组织的中红外规则透射比的量值比对的相关情况.     

基于高斯牛顿迭代法的无损检测眼镜镜片折射率方法

针对传统测量眼镜镜片折射率的有损方法,提出通过测量眼镜镜片透射比,采用高斯牛顿迭代法拟合透射比曲线来无损检测眼镜镜片基底折射率。实验结果表明,此无损检测方法可快速检测镜片折射率,测量相对误差不超过±1%,基本满足对镜片折射率区间的判定。     

真空状态对布儒斯特窗透射比影响的研究

介绍了测量真空状态对布儒斯特窗口透射比影响的装置,说明了其工作原理及测量过程,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,真空度对低温辐射计窗口透射比测量的影响与光功率测量的不确定度和透射比测量的复现性相比可忽略,在空气环境中对其进行测量的结果可以满足基于低温辐射计的测量要求。     

可见分光光度计透射比准确度超差的原因及消除方法

透射比准确度是指在不考虑随机误差的情况下，可见分光光度计对一具有标准透射比值的样品的测量值与该标准样品标称的透射比值之差。     

摄影镜头的色增生指数及其测定

本文综述了摄影镜头增生指数ＣＣ举珠计算方法及摄影镜头光谱透射比测试系统的构成,并对不同类型镜头的光谱透射比测量条件与结果进行了分析比较 。     

潜望镜白光透射比测量装置的设计与实施

提出一种潜用光学系统白光透射比测量装置的设计方法，并根据该方法研制一套具有测量结果准确、功能齐全、操作方便的测量装置。用于实际测量的结果表明，该装置完全符合设计要求。     

Effect of textured eye drop bottles on the photostability of pranoprofen 0.1% ophthalmic solution

Context: Ophthalmic solutions are usually filled in a plastic bottle due to its durability and disposability. In Japan, photostability is one of the concerns for the quality control because an eye drop bottle must be a transparent container.

Objective: The present work studied the effect of textured eye drop bottles on its light blocking to improve the photostability of ophthalmic solutions.

Materials and methods: We investigated the photostability of Pranoprofen ophthalmic solution filled in a variety of textured eye drop bottles. Pranoprofen content was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and surface structure of textured eye drop bottles was evaluated by transmittance, calculated average roughness (Ra) and haze intensity.

Results: We observed that eye drop bottle which had greater than Ra value of 1.0?µm and haze intensity 62% clearly showed photostability improvement.

Conclusions: This report is the first one which shows that photostability of ophthalmic solution is improved by using textured eye drop bottle. Moreover, this approach is a simple and effective method to improve the photostability. This method is available for not only various ophthalmic applications but also other liquid pharmaceuticals or food products.     

眼科光学相干层析成像设备分辨率关键参数的小型化检测装置研制

通过分析眼科光学相干层析设备的成像分辨率理论计算模型,设计并研制了一套用于测量其光源光谱和系统数值孔径的小型化检测装置。针对一台商业化的临床在用眼科光学相干层析设备,通过对其关键参数的测量,得到该设备的纵向分辨率为6.9μm,横向分辨率为42.3μm。该检测装置未来可作为眼科光学相干层析设备的质控与计量器具。     

Nonlinear transmittance of the 4-keto bacteriorhodopsin

The photocycle of the 4-keto bacteriorhodopsin is investigated. We constructed a multilevel theoretical model for the nonlinear transmittance properties of the material. Adjusting the relaxation parameters we are able to fit the theoretical intensity dependent transmittance curves into the experiments and to determine the photocycle from simple optical measurements.     

Growth of high transmittance vertical aligned ZnO nanorod arrays with polyvinyl alcohol by hydrothermal method

Well-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays were synthesized on SnO₂:F (FTO) glass substrates by hydrothermal method with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol. Morphology and optical properties of the well-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays were studied. The transmittance of the as grown samples was dramatically increased by the addition of polyvinyl alcohol. PVA was regarded to play an important role in improving the optical transmittance and its role in hydrothermal growth process is also discussed in this work.     

Metallic and Superconducting Photonic Crystal

We have investigated the transmittance for two kinds of photonic crystals; (i) One-dimensional metallic photonic crystals (1DMPCs) and (ii) One-dimensional superconducting photonic crystals (1DScPCs). The variance of the intensity and the bandwidth of the transmittance are strongly dependent on the thicknesses and frequencies. We have compared the transmittance spectra in 1DScPCs and 1DMPCs at low frequencies, and we present some details about the transmittance spectra by using Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) at the same conditions.      

Numerical implementation of generalized Coddington equations for ophthalmic lens design

A method for general implementation in any software platform of the generalized Coddington equations is presented, developed, and validated within a Matlab environment. The ophthalmic lens design strategy is presented thoroughly, and the basic concepts of generalized ray tracing are introduced. The methodology for ray tracing is shown to include two inter-related processes. Firstly, finite ray tracing is used to provide the main direction of propagation of the considered ray at the incidence point of interest. Afterwards, generalized ray tracing provides the principal curvatures of the local wavefront at that point, and its orientation after being refracted by the lens. The curvature values of the local wavefront are interpreted as the sagital and tangential powers of the lens at the point of interest. The proposed approach is validated using a double-check of the calculated lens performance in the spherical lens case: while finite ray tracing is validated using a commercial ray tracing software, generalized ray tracing is validated using a software application for ophthalmic lens design based on the classical version of Coddington equations. Equations of the complete tracing process are developed in detail for the case of generic astigmatic ophthalmic lenses as an example. Three-dimensional representation of the sagital and tangential powers of the ophthalmic lens at all directions of gaze then becomes possible, and results are presented for lenses with different geometries.     

Preparation and flocculation properties of cationic starch/chitosan crosslinking-copolymer

A novel flocculant (CATCS) based on corn starch and chitosan was prepared and its flocculation behaviors were studied. The synthesis conditions of CATCS were discussed and the production obtained was characterized using Fourier infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy. Flocculation properties of the products were evaluated in terms of transmittance, removal of organic contaminant and solid suspending substances. Influences of temperature, pH and flocculant dosage on flocculation efficiency of CATCS were examined. CATCS had better flocculation performance at lower temperature for the wastewater investigated. CATCS showed better flocculation performance than cationic starch and chitosan in 5 g/L kaolin suspension trended to performance well in acidic and alkaline solution. The comparison of the flocculation performance between CATCS, Fe₂ (SO₄)₃ and polyacrylamide showed CATCS had much efficient flocculation performance. In addition, cationic starch was prepared from corn starch using microwave-assisted method.     

First experiments to determine snow density from diffuse near-infrared transmittance

Snow density is one of the key properties to characterize a snow cover. We present diffuse near-infrared transmittance measurements with an integrating sphere setup in the laboratory. We analyze 8 snow samples taken from melt forms, decomposed, rounded, faceted and machine made snow. Reference measurements of specific surface area (optically equivalent grain size) and density are done by micro-computed tomography and used as input for transmittance calculations. A diffuse flux extinction model cannot be applied to simulate transmittance as our setup cannot be approximated by an infinite snow block thickness. Calculations with a more intricate radiative transfer model (DISORT) agree with our measurements within the estimated grain size and density variability for all probed natural snow types. Only our machine made snow shows a morphology which cannot be modeled by DISORT. Thus, our results show for the first time a direct experimental correlation between transmittance and snow specific surface area and density without the need for an empirical fitting parameter. We feel this to be an important step towards a possible high-resolution, quantitative optical measurement method to determine snow density in combination with an independent specific surface area measurement.     

Relationship between surface plasmon and transmittance enhancement in indium-tin-oxide/Ag/indium-tin-oxide multilayer electrodes

The transmittance of indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/Ag/ITO multilayer electrodes under various annealing conditions was investigated. The surface morphology of the Ag layer was modified according to the annealing conditions. Depending on the surface formation of the Ag layer, the enhancement of the transmittance was differentiated into two types. Because of a change of the surface plasmon (SP) mode, connected Ag clusters with coverage of 60% resulted in transmittance enhancement over all visible wavelengths due to decreased absorption while those with coverage of 50% resulted in transmittance enhancement with a peak shift due to increased scattering by localized SP.     

Novel pathways for the preparation of silica antireflective films: Improvement in mechanical property

Silica antireflective films by the base catalyzed sol-gel process show poor mechanical property. In this study, silica antireflective films with good mechanical property have been prepared by the acid catalyzed templating sol-gel process. The single-layer film was deposited from an acid-catalyzed silica sol solution with polymer F127 incorporation. The silica sol was first dip deposited onto substrate to form films on both sides of the substrate and then subjected to thermal treatment at 500 °C. After thermal treatment, the abrasion resistant antireflective film was achieved due to the formation of porous structure in the resultant film as a result of decomposing F127. Optical spectroscopic measurement shows that the coated glass with maximum transmittance of 99.5% has been obtained. Nanoindenter measurement shows that the elastic modulus and hardness of films are 16 GPa and 1.3, respectively, which are much better than those films derived from base-catalyzed silica sols. The high transmittance and good mechanical property make such films potential in both military and civil applications.