Preprocessing of GNSS signals subject to interference

Increasingly, interference effects on GNSS receivers are becoming important as more safety-critical applications such as civil aviation are employing the system. The inherent interference rejection capability of the GNSS spread spectrum modulating technique is now no longer considered adequate to remove the effects of very strong jammers. These can be generated intentionally, as in jamming situations, or unintentionally by systems such as mobile satellite systems. Continuous satellite tracking through this interference is essential for high-integrity applications. This study describes a new hardware-based GNSS interference mitigation scheme which is particularly effective against CW and pulsed CW interference. Interferers with some degree of frequency or amplitude modulation can also be reduced. The core hardware can remove two CW interferers from anywhere within the GPS P code bandwidth or the GLONASS frequency spectrum and further interferers can be removed by cascading modules. Simulation and actual data are shown. Owing to the wideband nature of the signal processing, the module introduces very little additional phase distortion and thus group delay to the GLONASS band, which has been shown to be advantageous to differential GLONASS processing. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

红外搜索跟踪系统中跟踪门算法研究

分析了多目标跟踪过程中预测误差的来源、分布及传递关系,计算出目标的测量误差和本机的速度测量误差在坐标转换后的偏差,并根据目标的机动特性建立了相应的机动加速度模型。讨论了如何在保证正确判定概率PCD条件下选取尽可能小的跟踪门体积,给出了跟踪门的设计,并说明了系统扫描方式对跟踪门设计的影响。还建立了目标的状态方程和测量方程,运用标准Kalman滤波,实现了机载IRST系统的多目标跟踪,并对仿真结果进行了分析。     

Barker码的一些结论和二元码的优选问题

本文最终证明了不存在n13位的Barker码,并探索了二相码的解析优选法。文中定义了一个Yn矩阵,并由Yn导出了二相码的重量w,Hamming距离d,游程数和码长n之间的关系式,所得关系不仅揭示出二相码各参数之间的内在联系,而且可用它来解决Barker码的存在性问题,从而将二相码的优选问题建立在解析的基础上。文中还举出了应用实例。     

Code phase discrimination function shaping method for Compass B1C QMBOC (6,1,4/33) signal

The discrimination function shaping method has been proposed to improve the anti‐multipath performance for a global navigation satellite system receiver. However, the existing methods fail to fully exploit the potential anti‐multipath performance of multiplexed binary offset carrier (MBOC)–modulated signals. In this paper, a code phase discrimination function shaping method is proposed for a Compass B1C quadrature MBOC‐modulated signal. The in‐phase binary offset carrier (BOC) (1,1) signal and quadrature‐phase BOC (6,1) signal replicas are designed according to the least squares estimation. Then a shifted cross‐correlation function (CCF) between the in‐phase BOC (1,1) signal and its pseudorandom noise code is multiplied with the obtained CCFs to ensure an unambiguous tracking. Finally, a discrimination function with a small pull‐in range can be obtained by a weighed combination of the in‐phase and quadrature‐phase CCFs. A computer simulation is conducted to assess the performances under multipath and thermal noise conditions.     

同阶二元偏移载波调制信号跟踪技术

针对同阶二元偏移载波调制卫星导航信号,提出一种高效新算法解决信号跟踪中的模糊性。分析了同阶二元偏移载波调制原理、信号跟踪模糊性及解决方法,利用本地扩频码与接收信号的相关函数特点,构建了码跟踪环路鉴相曲线,选择了合适的相关间距作为符号判决,联合构成鉴相器,推导了算法设计的正确性,给出了实现架构。仿真结果表明,码相位捕获误差±0.9个码片内均可正确跟踪。该方法可进一步应用于全球卫星导航系统新体制信号的接收处理。     

千兆以太网中8B/10B线路码的功率谱分析

该文根据有限状态机模型,采用Cariolaro算法(1983)即状态转移矩阵求解法分析了千兆以太网中8B/10B线路码的功率谱,给出了P=0.5时的闭合解析式及功率谱曲线。     

硅低温本征载流子浓度的计算

本文提出了低温区高精度的禁带宽度的表达式,获得了低温区本征载流子浓度的简明公式。考虑到禁带变窄效应的作用,本文导出了重掺杂硅中本征载流子浓度与温度和杂质浓度的关系式。与常温情况相比,低温下本征载流子浓度将随杂质浓度的上升更为剧烈地上升。     

载流子浓度对光折变LiNbO3晶体二波耦合增益的影响

根据光折变微观机制和Ｋｕｋｈｔａｒｅｖ带导模型，分析了ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体二波耦合系数与载流子深度的关系。结果表明二波耦合系数随流子浓度的升高而增大，并逐渐趋于一稳定值。测量了不同Ｃｅ掺杂浓度Ｃｅ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体二波耦合指数增益与载流子浓度的关系，实验结果与理论分析一致。     

非晶硅太阳能电池载流子收集长度的自动测量

提出用光生电流偏压关系拟合非晶硅pin太阳能电池光态I-V特性曲线,测量光生载流子收集长度的模型.用计算机自动测量与分析处理系统采样,采用Marquardt数字计算拟合法对实测I-V值进行拟合验证,实验结果证明该模型拟合结果良好.用不同模型对同组数据进行拟合比较,对各模型拟合误差进行了讨论,本文的模型拟合误差较小,参数自动拟合调整较大,数据重复性、可靠性好,能反映实际使用条件下电池的特性.     

LOWTRAN7在动态红外图像仿真系统中的应用及系统集成

介绍海洋作战环境下动态红外图像仿真系统的工程实现。着重介绍了ＬＯＷＴＲＡＮ模型在动态红外图像仿真系统中的应用及仿真系统中的数据流程、系统结构和系统集成中的主要情况。     

Unambiguous and precise correlation receiver for binary offset carrier modulated signal

The binary offset carrier (BOC) modulated signal can improve the positioning accuracy and increase the multipath resistance in global navigation satellite system (GNSS), and it may cause potential ambiguity in the process of signal acquisition and code tracking. In this paper, a simple but efficient unambiguous receiver is firstly proposed for multiple side‐peaks mitigation by implementing correlation of the received BOC signal with local sine wave instead of square wave used at the transmitter. Moreover, the potential degradation of sharpness of the nonlinear correlation induced by the sine wave is well compensated by optimizing the early‐to‐late spacing. The other reason leading to ambiguity is the multipath propagation, so we further propose a maximum likelihood (ML) estimator with Newton iteration method, where the received GNSS signal is modeled via the line‐of‐sight (LOS) component and the first‐arrived non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) component. Finally, the analytical expression of multipath propagation Cramer‐Rao bound is derived for the designed ML estimator. Simulation results indicate that compared with the conventional BOC modulation, the proposed sine wave receiver can achieve unambiguous and more precise code tracking performance and thus turns out to be more robust to multipath propagation.     

变磁场I-V法对碲镉汞光伏器件少子扩散特性的研究

零偏压电阻-面积乘积(R0A)和反向饱和电流密度J0是决定光电二极管性能的重要参数．提出了一种对碲镉汞(Hg1-xCdxTe)光伏器件的少子扩散特性进行研究的有效方法．利用变磁场下的电流-电压(I-V)测试,得到了组分x在0．5与0．6之间的器件R0A和J0随磁场强度B变化的函数关系．由实验结果估算得到了室温工作的短波红外(SWIR)碲镉汞光伏器件的少子扩散长度．其数值与用激光诱导电流(LBIC)方法得到的相一致．     

距离弯曲情形的超分辨成像及目标特征参量提取

PFA算法的性能受到距离弯曲引起的成像误差的影响,传统的处理方法是限制场景的尺寸。本文从超分辨处理的角度出发,对距离弯曲引起的空变的二次相位误差(QPEs)采取精确估计和补偿的方法进行预处理,然后得到超分辨图像及目标特征参量。相位误差的粗估计采用离散多项式相位变换(DPT)方法,而误差精估计则基于RELAX类算法。仿真和实测数据证明了本文方法的有效性。     

On the inclusion of geographic information systems (GIS) in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)

The latest innovation of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) technologies plays an important role in improving the quality and safety of modern life. Most of the applications evolved from the integration between GNSS, geographical information systems (GIS) and wireless communications and networking (WCN) systems. The wide spread applications that are using these technologies include: the automatic vehicle location (AVL), tracking systems, navigation systems, pedestrian navigation systems, intelligent transportation systems, precise positioning, and emergency callers, among others. The location‐based services (LBS) are possible only by the combination of GNSS, GIS and WCN. The growing need for commercial LBS has forced cellular‐phone and network manufacturers to concentrate on positioning solutions, which are even more precise than the regulatory mandates for positioning of emergency callers and other user services and applications. In this paper, we will present a literature review of the GNSS, the three satellite systems GPS, GLONASS and Galileo, which are aimed to support GNSS services, and a comparison between them and their role in creating a GIS. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A MATHEMATICAL MODEL DESCRIBING THE EFFECTS OF POINTING AND TRACKING ERRORS DUE TO ‘MECHANICAL NOISE’ IN COHERENT OPTICAL INTERSATELLITE LINKS

In optical intersatellite links random pointing and tracking errors lead to random antenna misalignments against the line of sight, and therefore to a corresponding random fading of the received light power. The objective of this paper is to develop a mathematical model as simple as possible, in order to describe the influence of the fading process on the information transmission. To achieve this goal, the properties of optical antennas are derived, the sensitivity of the received light power on antenna misalignments is calculated and the probability density function of the fading of the received power (called misalignment loss here) is computed. Finally, the quality of the information transmission is calculated and discussed explicitly for the PSK-homodyne system.