Acoustic analysis of lightweight auto-body based on finite element method and boundary element method

A lightweight automotive prototype using alternative materials and gauge thickness is studied by a numerical method. The noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance is the main target of this study. In the range of 1–150 Hz, the frequency response function (FRF) of the body structure is calculated by a finite element method (FEM) to get the dynamic behavior of the auto-body structure. The pressure response of the interior acoustic domain is solved by a boundary element method (BEM). To find the most contributing panel to the inner sound pressure, the panel acoustic contribution analysis (PACA) is performed. Finally, the most contributing panel is located and the resulting structural optimization is found to be more efficient. __________ Translated from Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2006, 40(1): 177–180 [译自: 上海交通大学学报]     

振动体声学灵敏度分析的边界元法

振动结构关于设计变量的声学灵敏度分析可以为机械系统的低噪声设计提供量化依据,为结构的优化设计提供方向。采用边界元法,推导了辐射声压关于频率、表面振速等设计变量的声学灵敏度公式。在对系数矩阵求导时,没有采用传统的有限差分法,而是直接求导,并利用不连续单元替换点法处理边界元法中的奇异积分问题。将数值解与理论值比较,证明了计算公式的准确性和有效性。该灵敏度计算方法为机械系统的低噪声设计打下了基础。     

驾驶室外声场分析的边界元法与无限元法

车外噪声是产生环境噪声的重要因素,驾驶室外声场的数值分析能够为控制噪声提供理论参考。介绍外声场分析的边界元法和无限元法两种数值方法的基本理论,研究声固耦合问题分析的流程,包括无限元法与有限元法耦合、有限元法与边界元法耦合。以拖拉机驾驶室模型为例,对驾驶室外声场进行数值分析,分析结果表明两种方法计算的声场结果基本一致,都能有效地分析驾驶室外声场,指导驾驶室结构设计。     

基于解析法的复杂封闭空间有源结构声控制

给出了任意凸多面体声腔在内部点源和外力激励下,腔内声压分布的解析解。该解析方法较传统的数值方法,不仅数据准备量小、速度快精度高,且能够解决目前常用的声弹性法难以解决的复杂几何形状的封闭空腔的声固耦合问题。在此基础上,结合有源结构声控制方法,建立了复杂封闭空间局部区域有源消声的模型,给出了矩阵形式的数值算法,并对一类似车辆驾驶室的复杂封闭空腔进行了有源降噪仿真分析,降噪效果良好,证明该方法可以作为复杂封闭空间有源力消声控制系统的建模基础。     

应用CAE技术进行汽车乘员室声学分析与优化

近年来,由于具有节省成本和开发时间的优点,采用计算机仿真技术对结构进行振动和噪声分析已经越来越受到工业界的重视。应用有限元法和边界元法相结合的技术对汽车乘员室进行噪声分析可以大大减少计算时间,并能保证计算精度。具体地,计算声压响应时,首先应用有限元法进行车身结构的频率响应分析,然后将计算所得的结构壁板速度响应作为内部声腔的边界条件,采用边界元法计算乘员室内部的声响应。最后对声压峰值处的结构进行壁板贡献度分析,并对贡献度最大的板件进行阻尼处理,有效地降低乘员耳部的声压响应峰值。     

INVESTIGATION ON THE APPLICATION OF THE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD TO THE SPILL GROOVED THRUST BEARING

Aj--AreaOfthedomainqb~widthinthedirectionoftheradius,b=rZ~rlC,D--TwOpointSinthedomainDZC',D'~pointsonthe~fF(F)~~~~,F=po~atl,.~~ofthejib~elementM~~~onthe~CMf(Mf)~FrictiohaltO~,Mf=p,cob#WS,n--~~dthe~allorQnc,un~iedoncosinesofntothejibboUndaryelementNi--Shapefunctionon"theiP(P)~~oftheoartri,P=hoedzp/atPI,Pc,Pc,P#,pc--DessureonthehaUndariesFI,fi,fi,fiaamfiofalandI,?pl,pz--PressureonthebodriesacandacOfagroove~*P(c,D)--FUndamentalsolutionofthePoison's~ionPIn--bass~OftheOilinputP-…     

驾驶室结构振动及其声固耦合噪声响应分析

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS和声学分析软件SYSNO ISE对卡车驾驶室的振动与内部声场耦合做了数值计算分析研究。介绍了振动频响分析方法,动力学计算与声学边界元模型耦合的具体步骤。通过计算分析,分别研究了驾驶室结构的声固耦合模型与非耦合模型对室内声场的影响,从而找出在不同的壁板厚度条件下,声固耦合作用对室内噪声的影响,以及驾驶室内声场的变化规律。     

基于波叠加的结构—声学灵敏度分析的伴随变量方法

声学灵敏度可以用于描述空间声学量随设计变量的变化情况,并为低噪声设计提供优化方向和量化依据,对其进行研究具有重要意义.在多设计变量的情况下,与直接求导法相比,伴随变量法是一种效率更高的灵敏度计算方法.基于有限元法和波叠加法,提出一种新的用于结构一声学灵敏度计算的伴随变量方法.该方法用波叠加法取代了现有伴随分析方法中的边界元法,消除了奇异积分的影响.应用该方法对脉动球声源和箱体振动模型进行声学灵敏度分析,并将计算结果分别与理论值和有限差分结果进行比较,得到了较好的精度.通过与边界元法在计算时间上的比较,表明了该方法在计算效率上的优势.     

离心泵作透平流体诱发内场噪声特性及贡献分析

对某离心泵作透平流体诱发的内场噪声特性进行数值计算和试验研究。在典型流量下,采用雷诺时均方法获取壳体壁面偶极子声源,并利用边界元方法(Boundary element method,BEM)求解出壳体偶极子源作用的流动噪声,基于有限元结合边界元的声振耦合法(Finite element method/boundary element method,FEM/BEM)计算出流体激励结构振动产生的内场流激噪声及考虑结构振动的流动噪声,分析不同性质噪声源的频谱特性,同时评估内场声源在各个频段下的贡献量。借助水听器对透平出口进行流体声学试验,获得了噪声的频谱特性。结果表明,离心泵作透平出口流体诱发噪声主要集中在中低频段,小流量工况低频噪声特性增强。壳体声源作用下考虑结构振动流动噪声的计算结果与试验结果在较大流量下吻合较好。壳体偶极子作用的流动噪声对内场噪声的贡献最大,其次是考虑结构振动的流动噪声,流激噪声对内场噪声贡献最小。结构的影响使得二阶叶频处声压增加,其余离散频率及宽频处声压均有所降低。该研究结果为低噪声叶轮机械设计提供了一定的参考。     

Passive acoustic radiation control for a vibrating panel with piezoelectric shunt damping circuit using particle swarm optimization algorithm

This paper presents a new acoustic radiation optimization method for a vibrating panel-like structure with a passive piezoelectric shunt damping system in order to minimize well-radiating modes generated from the panel. The optimization method is based on an idea of using the p-version finite element method(p-version FEM), the boundary element method(BEM), and the particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSOA). Optimum embossment design for the vibrating panel using the PSOA is first investigated in order to minimize noise radiation over a frequency range of interest. The optimum embossment design works as a kind of stiffener so that well-radiating natural modes are shifted up with some degrees. The optimized panel, however, may still require additional damping for attenuating the peak acoustic amplitudes. A passive shunt damping system is thus employed to additionally damp the well-radiating modes from the optimized panel. To numerically evaluate the acoustic multiple-mode damping capability by a shunt damping system, the integrated p-version FEM/BEM for the panel with the shunt damping system is modeled and developed by MATLAB. Using the PSOA, the optimization technique for the optimal multiple-mode shunt damper is investigated in order to achieve the optimum damping performance for the well-radiating modes simultaneously. Also, the acoustic damping performance of the shunt damping circuit in the acoustic environment is demonstrated numerically and experimentally with respect to the realistically sized panel. The simulated result shows a good agreement with that of the experimental result. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Yeon June Kang Jin-Young Jeon received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 2005. Dr. Jeon is currently a senior engineer at Digital Printing Division, Digital Media & Communications Business at Samsung Elec-tronics Co., Ltd., Korea. His research interests are the areas of structural-acoustic optimization, sound quality, motion quality, and vibration control.     

基于SYSNOISE的轴流式风机管道噪声辐射仿真分析

结合有限元法和边界元法,对某火电厂轴流式风机的本体及进／出气管道进行了声一振仿真,分析其声辐射场的特点。首先,用Pro／E软件建立风机进／出气和本体管道的三维实体模型,并用ANSYS进行网格划分后再导入SYSNOISE中建立其声场分析的边界元模型。其次,在400～700Hz范围内进行结构有限元谐响应分析,得到管道表面振动速度作为边界元分析的边界条件。最后,采用间接边界元法计算场点声辐射强度,仿真结果分析表明：在650Hz附近的声压最大;各场点的转折频率接近;不同场点的声压随频率的变化趋势基本相同。     

二维声学数值计算的径向插值有限元法

针对声学有限元分析中四节点等参单元计算精度低,对网格质量敏感的问题,将无网格径向插值技术引入到标准有限元中,构造径向插值形函数,推导径向插值有限元法(Radial interpolation finite element method,RIFEM)的二维声学数值计算公式。二维声学RIFEM采用标准有限元法形函数构造系统离散方程的声学刚度矩阵和边界积分矢量,保证了声压梯度和边界条件在区域边界的积分精度;采用径向插值形函数构造系统离散方程的质量矩阵,提高了声压数值近似函数的插值精度。对管道二维声腔模型和某轿车二维声腔模型的数值分析结果表明,与标准有限元法和SFEM相比,RIFEM的计算精度更高,对波数、单元尺寸和网格扭曲程度的灵敏度更低。因此RIFEM可以很好地应用于二维声学数值分析,具有广阔的工程应用前景。     

二维声学数值计算的梯度最小二乘加权

针对传统有限元法求解声学问题由于刚度矩阵过硬导致较大的色散误差,以及在较高波数和网格扭曲时计算精度过低甚至错误的问题,采用移动最小二乘权函数对传统有限元法的声压梯度进行加权重构,推导了梯度移动最小二乘加权(Gradient weighted by moving least-squares,GW-MLS)的二维声学计算公式。对声压梯度的加权重构使得GW-MLS模型的刚度相对于FEM模型得以软化,刚度更接近真实模型刚度。采用与有限元法相同的方式构造质量矩阵和边界积分矢量,保证质量矩阵和边界条件的正确施加和积分精度。通过二维管道声腔模型和二维车内声腔模型算例对所提出的算法进行验证,数值分析结果表明,GW-MLS有效地减少了色散误差的影响,提高了计算精度,尤其是对较高波数和网格扭曲时表现出良好的适应性。     

Structural optimization of an automobile transmission case to minimize radiation noise using the model reduction technique

Vehicles should provide a comfortable environment for passengers. The noise from the transmission case is one of the causes of an uncomfortable environment. The transmission is composed of gears, shafts, bearing and cases. When transmission activity occurs, noise is transferred to the passengers through the transmission case. Design of the transmission case is performed in order to reduce the transmission noise. Acoustic analysis is carried out and structural optimization is utilized for the design to reduce the noise. Generally, the boundary element method (BEM) has been utilized for acoustic analysis. However, it is difficult to utilize the boundary element method in structural optimization because the cost to calculate the sensitivity information is fairly expensive. Instead, the finite element method (FEM) is employed for calculating the radiation noise of the transmission. Radiation noise is considered as the total noise from the transmission. Radiation noise is calculated at the outside of the transmission case and it can be expressed indirectly by multiplication of the velocity in the normal direction of the finite elements, the radiation efficiency and the characteristic acoustic impedance. The high frequencies are dominant for the transmission noise and the radiation efficiency is 1 at the high frequency range. Since the characteristic acoustic impedance has a constant value, the noise is the same as the norm of the velocity. The velocity of each finite element is calculated from modal analysis and the noise is expressed based on the average velocity of the vibrating structure. However, a long computation time is required to calculate the noise in a large scale structure such as a transmission. Thus, the entire model of transmission is condensed into the reduced model by the model reduction technique. The component mode synthesis (CMS) method is employed for the model reduction technique. The CMS method is an effective method for dynamic analysis of large and/or complex structures. The reduced model keeps the dynamic characteristics of the entire structure and it is used for structural optimization. In structural optimization, the design variables are the thicknesses of the groups of the transmission cases, the objective function is the mass of the structure and a constraint is imposed on the noise. An alternative formulation is made by exchanging the objective and constraint functions. The optimization results are discussed in terms of practical application.     

燃烧室结构-声耦合特性研究

声振耦合影响燃烧室燃烧稳定性,加剧火焰筒薄壁结构疲劳破坏,声振耦合特性研究对燃烧室燃烧稳定性设计与结构抗疲劳设计非常必要。利用有限元软件建立燃烧室结构-声三维模型,进行燃烧室封闭结构声振耦合特性研究,计算出结构的固有频率和模态振型。通过试验,测量燃烧室声振传递函数,得到燃烧室结构声振耦合固有频率和模态振型。研究表明,声场相当于给结构增加了附加质量,降低了结构固有频率,并产生了特殊的耦合频率。试验验证了有限元计算结果的正确性,从而为燃烧室薄壁结构设计提供了参考。     

发动机箱盖NVH性能研究与改进

采用有限元、边界元等方法对某发动机箱盖进行了仿真,以分析其NVH性能。首先对发动机箱盖进行了动力响应分析,得到箱盖表面速度,建立了边界元模型,并进行了噪声模拟与分析,最后研究了发动机箱盖减噪的方法。结果表明,采用的方法能有效改善箱盖NVH性能。     

Finite element modeling the influence of edge roundness on the stress and temperature fields induced by high-speed machining

High-speed machining (HSM) may produce parts at high production rates with substantially higher fatigue strengths and increased subsurface micro-hardness and plastic deformation, mostly due to the ploughing of the round cutting tool edge associated with induced stresses, and can have far more superior surface properties than surfaces generated by grinding and polishing. Cutting edge roundness may induce stress and temperature fields on the machined subsurface and influence the finished surface properties, as well as tool life. In this paper, a finite element method (FEM) modeling approach with arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) fully coupled thermal-stress analysis is employed. In order to realistically simulate HSM using edge design tools, an FEM model for orthogonal cutting is designed, and solution techniques such as adaptive meshing and explicit dynamics are performed. A detailed friction modeling at the tool–chip and tool–work interfaces is also carried out. Work material flow around the round edge cutting tool is successfully simulated without implementing a chip separation criterion and without the use of a remeshing scheme. The FEM modeling of the stresses and the resultant surface properties induced by round edge cutting tools is performed for the HSM of AISI 4340 steel. Once FEM simulations are complete for different edge radii and depths of cut, the tool is unloaded and the stresses are relieved. Predicted stress fields are compared with experimentally measured residual stresses obtained from the literature. The results indicate that the round edge design tools influence the stress and temperature fields greatly. An optimization scheme can be developed to identify the most desirable edge design by using the finite element analysis (FEA) scheme presented in this work.     

热流环境下航空发动机短环形火焰筒动力学响应特性分析

采用数值仿真分析方法对航空发动机短环形火焰筒结构进行简化处理,构建短环形火焰筒结构模型.通过有限元方法对结构进行流固耦合分析计算,得到火焰筒壁面温度分布及气动压力分布,计算火焰筒结构热模态结果并分析.通过耦合的有限元/边界元法以扩散场的形式对火焰筒结构施加噪声激励载荷,对火焰筒结构多场耦合非线性动力学响应特性进行分析,...     

非等温成形过程中的预锻模具形状优化设计

采用塑性有限元、灵敏度分析和工程优化算法相结合的方法,对非等温成形过程中预锻模具形状进行了优化设计。预锻模具形状采用三次B样条函数表示,B样条函数的控制点作为设计变量,通过优化预锻模具形状,可实现净形锻造,得到无飞边完全充满模腔的合格终锻件。给出了模具形状优化设计步骤,推导了速度灵敏度方程和温度灵敏度方程。最后以一轴对称圆盘锻造过程为例,对预锻模具形状进行了优化设计。     

新型PVDF声发射传感器的设计方法及应用

基于声发射技术研制了一种新型PVDF压电传感器。介绍了声发射传感器的结构、工作原理以及声发射传感器压电元件、背衬材料、声匹配层和前置放大器接口电路设计对传感器灵敏度、分辨率和信噪比的影响。利用美国物理声学公司声发射信号数据采集处理DiSP系统进行了断铅信号采集试验。测试结果表明：设计的新型PVDF声发射传感器对断铅信号具有宽频带响应。应用研制的新型PVDF声发射传感器、数字示波器和计算机组成的数据采集处理系统对4M20氮氢气压缩机六段排气阀进行了状态监测，结果表明新型声发射传感器能够用于设备状态监测，设计方法可行。