Fe含量对钛铁矿原位反应合成Al2O3Ti(C,N)-Fe复合材料的影响

利用钛铁矿通过碳热铝热原位还原反应、采用热压工艺制备了致密的Al2O3-Ti(C,N)-Fe复合材料,使钛铁矿两种主体成分Ti和Fe得到充分有效的利用.研究了Fe含量对制备过程、合成产物组织和性能的影响.结果表明,Fe含量的增加降低了碳热反应的温度;随Fe含量的增加,Fe相开始团聚,材料的组织都变得粗大;同时,随Fe含...     

微波绿色合成N,S共掺杂碳点及其在Fe3+检测和温度传感方面的应用

以韭菜为前驱体,采用微波法一步绿色合成N,S共掺杂的粒径均匀、分散性好的碳点。所合成的碳点近似球状,粒径2.0-5.0 nm。在365 nm的紫外灯照射下发明亮的蓝色荧光,发射峰具有激发波长依赖性。Fe³⁺对所制备的碳点有明显选择性荧光猝灭现象。在5-300μmol/L的范围内,荧光猝灭程度(F/F₀)与Fe³⁺浓度呈现良好的线性关系(R=0.9930),检测限为4.0μmol/L。同时探测温度对制备碳点的影响,在20-55℃范围内,碳点荧光强度与温度具有较好的线性响应。由于生理温度范围在此温度范围内,所制备的碳点可用于细胞温度传感。     

Solid Ar, N2, CO, and O2 in Nanopores

Molecular solids enclosed in pores with diameters in the nm-range are a research field which attracts growing interest. The major questions asked in this context are: what is the structure and the dynamics? How are phase and glass transitions modified by the geometrical constraint? In this contribution we present structural information, by x-ray diffraction measurements, as well as thermodynamic characterization, by vapor pressure and heat capacity measurements, on Ar, which is usually considered the simplest of all condensates, and on the small diatomic molecules N₂, C0, O₂ in porous glasses with average pore diameters from 50 to 130Å.     

N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺交联淀粉微球的合成及吸附性能

以可溶性淀粉为原料,用反相悬浮法合成了N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺交联淀粉微球ASM.最佳合成条件是可溶性淀粉2g,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.2g,K2S2P8 0.04g,W/O相体积比1∶3,反应时间2h,反应温度50℃.ASM外型规则,粒度10～20 μm.探讨了成球机理,提出了交联反应主要在淀粉分子结构外围进行的推论并获得了实验支持.在25℃,ASM对Cu2 、Cr3 、Cd2 、Pb2 的饱和吸附量分别是2.75、2.20、0.88、0.77 mmol·g.HCl、ZnCl2使ASM对Cu2 的吸附量明显降低,MgCl2使吸附量略有降低.ASM的空间网状结构使金属离子容易深入其内部形成多点配位,配位吸附是ASM吸附金属离子的主要作用形式.     

Quantitative CARS spectroscopy of CO2 and N2O

Experimental and theoretical investigations of the CARS spectroscopy of CO2(2v2) and N2O(v3) were carried out. The experimental spectra were measured in a heated test cell, and excellent agreement with the observed temperature dependences was obtained from numerical simulations. Assignments were made for all hot bands, and the role of collisional narrowing was quantified. Observed nonresonant susceptibility effects in pure N2O have made it possible to estimate the nonresonant background susceptibility for this molecule by using the resonant contribution as a reference calibration.     

The synthesis and electrochemical performance of NiCo2O4 embedded carbon nanofibers for high-performance supercapacitors

Construction of transition metal oxides-based carbonaceous nanostructures has been regarded as one of the most effective strategies to prepare the electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors. In this work, NiCo₂O₄ embedded carbon nanofibers (NiCo₂O₄-CNFs) are synthesized by the combination of one-step electrospinning and following thermal treatment. The obtained NiCo₂O₄-CNFs are evaluated as electrodes for supercapacitors. The testing results indicate that the NiCo₂O₄-CNFs present high specific capacitance of 836 F g^?1 (vs. 38.02 F g^?1 for carbon nanofibers (CNFs)) at 5 A g^?1, and outstanding cycling ability with 80.9% retention after 2000 cycle times. Such excellent performances benefit from the integration of electric double layer capacitors and pseudocapacitors. This kind of NiCo₂O₄-embedded carbon nanofibers can serve as a promising candidate for electrode materials for supercapacitors.     

Precision refractive index measurements of air, N2, O2, Ar, and CO2 with a frequency comb

We report precision measurements of the refractive indices of dry air, N(2), O(2), Ar, and CO(2), performed by using a frequency comb as the light source in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer setup. Improved dispersion formulas for all gases are derived with a sensitivity level of 10(-9). These results are valid for a wavelength range from 740 to 860 nm and are in good agreement with measurements from other groups.     

Dissolution-assistant all-in-one synthesis of N and S dual-doped porous carbon for high-performance supercapacitors

The rational design and synthesis of porous carbons as supercapacitor electrodes have received tremendous attentions. In this study, a facile all-in-one pyrolysis strategy was developed for producing N and S co-doped porous carbon (NSC), by utilizing cellulose, the most abundant natural reproducible carbohydrate, as precursors. A binary aqueous solution consisting of 9.5% NaOH and 4.5% thiourea served as solvent, porogen and doping reagent, simultaneously. The dissolution and lyophilization procedures allowed a homogeneous mixture, thus achieving a superb activation and doping effects after the pyrolysis. The resultant NSC demonstrated a highly-developed porous texture with a specific surface area of 1588 m² g^?1 and appropriate heteroatom functionalities with N and S contents of 3.82% and 1.94%, respectively. For three-electrode system, NSC had a high specific capacitance of 288 F g^?1 at 0.5 A g^?1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte, which was comparable to or even better than many reported cellulose and cellulose derivatives based porous carbon electrodes. The as-assembled NSC//NSC symmetrical cell displayed excellent rate capability and durability, depicting a hopeful candidate for supercapacitors.     

Synthesis of MnO2/short multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite for supercapacitors

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were selectively etched in molten nitrate to produce short MWNTs (s-MWNTs). MnO₂/s-MWNT nanocomposite was synthesized by a reduction of potassium permanganate under microwave irradiation. For comparative purpose, MnO₂/MWNT nanocomposite was also synthesized and investigated for its physical and electrochemical performance. Uniform and conformal MnO₂ coatings were more easily formed on the surfaces of individual s-MWNTs. MnO₂/s-MWNT nanocomposite estimated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.5 M Na₂SO₄ aqueous solution had the specific capacitance as high as 392.1 F g⁻¹ at 2 mV s⁻¹. This value was more than 48.9% larger than MnO₂/s-MWNT nanocomposite. In addition, MnO₂/s-MWNT nanocomposite was also examined by repeating the CV test at a scan rate of 50 mV s⁻¹, exhibiting an excellent cycling stability along with 99.2% specific capacitance retained after 1000 cycles. Therefore, MnO₂/s-MWNT nanocomposite is a promising electrode material in the supercapacitors.     

Emission characteristics of coal combustion in different O2/N2, O2/CO2 and O2/RFG atmosphere

This study investigates the emission characteristics of CO(2), SO(2) and NOx in the flue gas of coal combustion by varying the compositions and concentrations of feed gas (O(2)/CO(2)/N(2)) and the ratios of recycled flue gas. The differences between O(2)/recycled flue gas (O(2)/RFG) combustion and general air combustion are also discussed. Experimental results indicate that the maximum concentration of CO(2) in O(2)/CO(2) combustion system is 95% as the feed gas is 30% O(2)/70% CO(2). The average concentration of CO(2) in the flue gas of O(2)/CO(2) coal combustion system is higher than 90% and much higher than that of O(2)/N(2) coal combustion system. This high concentration of CO(2) is beneficial for the separation of CO(2) from the flue gas by adsorption or absorption technologies. The maximum concentration of CO(2) in O(2)/N(2) combustion system is only 34% at the feed gas 50% O(2)/50% N(2), the concentration of CO(2) is increased with the concentration of O(2) in feed gas. By O(2)/CO(2) combustion technology, higher concentration of SO(2) is produced as the feed gas is 30% O(2)/70% CO(2) or 40% O(2)/60% CO(2), while higher concentration of NOx is produced as the feed gas is 20% O(2)/80% CO(2) or 50% O(2)/50% CO(2). The mass flow rates of CO(2), SO(2) and NOx in the flue gas are all increased with the ratio of recycled flue gas except for the feed gas 20% O(2)/80% CO(2). The enhanced mass flow rates of air pollutants in such O(2)/RFG combustion system are also beneficial for improving the control efficiencies of air pollution control devices. By O(2)/N(2) combustion technology, higher concentrations of SO(2) and NOx are produced as the feed gas is 21% O(2)/79% N(2). The results also indicate that the formation of NOx in general air combustion system is higher than that in O(2)/RFG or O(2)/CO(2) combustion system.