Fabrication of Tia SiC2 modified C/C - SiC composites by liquid silicon infiltration

采用浆料浸渗结合液硅渗透法原位生成高韧性Ti3SiC2基体,制备Ti3SiC2改性C／C—SiC复合材料。研究了TiC颗粒的引入对熔融Si浸渗效果的影响,分析了Ti3SiC2改性C／C-SiC复合材料的微结构和力学性能。实验结果表明：TiC与熔融si反应生成Ti3SiC2是可行的,而且c的存在更有利于生成Ti3SiC2;在含TiC颗粒的C／C预制体孔隙（平均孔径22．3μm）内,熔融si的渗透深度1min内可达10．8cm;Ti3SiC2取代残余Si后提高了C／C-SiC复合材料的力学性能,C／C-SiC-Ti3SiC2复合材料的弯曲强度达203MPa,断裂韧性达到8．8MPa·m^[1/2];对于厚度为20rllm的试样,不同渗透深度处材料均具有相近的相成分、密度和力学性能,无明显微结构梯度存在,表明所采用的浆料浸渗结合液硅渗透工艺适用于制备厚壁Ti3SiC2改性C／C-SiC复合材料构件。     

CVI-GSI工艺制备C/C-SiC复合材料的组成结构与力学性能

采用密度为1.0g/cm~3的C/C素坯,联合化学气相渗透(CVI)和气相渗硅(GSI)2种工艺制备C/C-SiC复合材料,研究CVI C/C-SiC复合材料中间体的密度对CVI-GSI C/C-SiC复合材料物相组成、微观结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着CVI C/C-SiC复合材料中间体密度的增大,CVI-GSI C/C-SiC复合材料C含量增多,残余Si含量减少,SiC含量先增多后减少,CVI-GSI C/C-SiC复合材料的密度先增大后减小;随着CVI C/C-SiC复合材料中间体的密度由1.27g/cm~3增加到1.63g/cm~3时,得到的CVI-GSI C/C-SiC复合材料的力学性能先升高后降低。当CVI C/C-SiC复合材料密度为1.42g/cm~3时,制得的CVI-GSI C/C-SiC复合材料力学性能最好,其弯曲强度为247.50MPa,弯曲模量为25.63GPa,断裂韧度为10.08MPa·m~(1/2)。     

素坯密度对气相渗硅制备C/C-SiC复合材料结构与性能的影响

三维针刺碳毡经化学气相渗透(Chemical Vapor Infiltration,CVI)增密制备C/C素坯,通过气相渗硅(Gaseous Silicon Infiltration,GSI)制备C/C-SiC复合材料。研究素坯密度与CVI C层厚度及素坯孔隙率的变化规律,并分析素坯密度对C/C-SiC复合材料力学性能、热学性能的影响。结果表明:随着素坯密度增大,CVI C层变厚,孔隙率减小;C/C-SiC复合材料中残C量随之增大,残余Si量随之减小,SiC先保持较高含量(体积分数约40%),随后迅速降低,C/C-SiC复合材料密度逐渐减小,力学性能先增大后减小,而热导率及热膨胀系数降低至平稳。当素坯密度为1.085g/cm3时,复合材料力学性能最好,弯曲强度可达308.31MPa,断裂韧度为11.36MPa·m1/2。研究发现:素坯孔隙率较大时,渗硅通道足够,残余硅多,且CVI C层较薄,纤维硅蚀严重,C/C-SiC复合材料力学性能低;素坯孔隙率较小时,渗硅通道很快阻塞,Si和SiC含量少,而闭孔大且多,C/C-SiC复合材料力学性能也不高。     

C/C多孔体的高温热处理对C/SiC复合材料结构及力学性能的影响

以三维针刺碳毡作为预制体,先采用树脂单向加压浸渍-热解工艺制备出C/C多孔体,再通过反应熔体浸渗法获得C/SiC复合材料。重点研究了C/C多孔体的高温热处理对C/SiC复合材料结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,C/C多孔体的高温热处理不会改变C/SiC复合材料的相组成,但可使复合材料中的SiC含量提高,C含量降低;高温热处理有利于熔融Si浸渗,使复合材料致密度增大,孔隙率降低,从而使其弯曲断裂强度提高约28%;高温热处理还可使纤维-基体界面结合强度降低,改善复合材料的断裂韧性。     

液硅渗透法制备Ti3SiC2改性C/CSiC复合材料

采用浆料浸渗结合液硅渗透法原位生成高韧性Ti₃SiC₂基体, 制备Ti₃SiC₂改性C/C-SiC复合材料。研究了TiC颗粒的引入对熔融Si浸渗效果的影响, 分析了Ti₃SiC₂改性C/C-SiC复合材料的微结构和力学性能。实验结果表明: TiC与熔融Si反应生成Ti₃SiC₂是可行的, 而且C的存在更有利于生成Ti₃SiC₂; 在含TiC颗粒的C/C预制体孔隙(平均孔径22.3 μm)内, 熔融Si的渗透深度1 min内可达10.8 cm; Ti₃SiC₂取代残余Si后提高了 C/C-SiC复合材料的力学性能, C/C-SiC-Ti₃SiC₂复合材料的弯曲强度达203 MPa, 断裂韧性达到8.8 MPa·m1/2; 对于厚度为20 mm的试样, 不同渗透深度处材料均具有相近的相成分、 密度和力学性能, 无明显微结构梯度存在, 表明所采用的浆料浸渗结合液硅渗透工艺适用于制备厚壁Ti₃SiC₂改性C/C-SiC复合材料构件。      

C/C多孔体对C/C-SiC复合材料制备及性能的影响

以准三维针刺碳纤维预制体,经化学气相渗透(CVI)法制备了4种密度的C/C多孔体,利用先驱体浸渍裂解法(PIP)制备了C/C-SiC复合材料,研究了C/C多孔体对C/C-SiC复合材料制备和最终性能的影响。结果表明:C/C多孔体密度越低,最终得到的C/C-SiC复合材料开孔隙率及SiC含量较高。SiC的存在使C/C-SiC材料具有较高的弯曲强度,纤维和基体界面也是影响弯曲强度的关键因素,其中密度为1.35g/cm3的C/C多孔体所制备的C/C-SiC复合材料纤维和基体之间形成较好的结合界面,其弯曲强度最大。同时,SiC含量增加可显著提高C/C-SiC复合材料的抗烧蚀性能。     

CVI-SiC/TaC改性C/C复合材料的力学性能及其断裂行为

以针刺碳纤维整体毡为预制体,采用化学气相渗透工艺对预制体纤维进行PyC/SiC/TaC的多层复合模式的涂层改性,然后采用化学气相渗透和热固性树脂浸渍-炭化进行增密,制备出新型C/C复合材料.对复合材料的微观结构和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明:包覆在碳纤维表面的PyC/SiC/TaC多层结构均匀致密、无裂纹,在C/C复合材料中形成空间管状网络结构;改性后C/C复合材料的抗弯强度和韧性均大大提高,平均抗弯强度达到522MPa,断裂位移达到1.19mm;复合材料弯曲断裂形式表现为脆性断裂,经过2000℃高温热处理以后,复合材料的抗弯强度下降,但最大断裂位移增大,弯曲断裂形式由脆性断裂转变为良好的假塑性断裂.     

CVD-SiC界面改性涂层对气相渗硅制备C_f/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

在气相渗硅制备C_f/SiC复合材料时,界面改性涂层非常重要。良好的界面改性涂层一方面起到保护碳纤维不受Si反应侵蚀的作用,另一方面起到调节纤维和基体界面结合状况。通过在C纤维表面制备CVD-SiC涂层来进行界面改性,研究CVD-SiC界面改性涂层对GSI C_f/SiC复合材料力学性能和断裂特征的影响,并分析其影响机制。结果表明:无CVD-SiC涂层改性的C_f/SiC复合材料力学性能较差,呈现脆性断裂特征,其强度、模量和断裂韧度分别为87.6MPa,56.9GPa,2.1MPa·m1/2。随着CVD-SiC涂层厚度的增加,C_f/SiC复合材料的弯曲强度、模量和断裂韧度呈现先升高后降低的趋势,CVD-SiC涂层厚度为1.1μm的C_f/SiC复合材料的力学性能最好,其弯曲强度、模量和断裂韧度分别为231.7MPa,87.3GPa,7.3MPa·m1/2。厚度适中的CVD-SiC界面改性涂层的作用机理主要体现在载荷传递、"阻挡"Si的侵蚀、"调节"界面结合状态3个方面。     

碳纤维预制体结构对CVI-GSIC/C-SiC复合材料微观结构与力学性能的影响

采用不同面密度和丝束大小的碳纤维布，通过不同z向缝合方式编织了两种碳布叠层结构的碳纤维预制体，再经化学气相渗透法(chemical vapor infiltration, CVI)与气相渗硅法(gaseous silicon infiltration, GSI)联用制备了C/C-SiC复合材料。研究了碳纤维预制体结构对CVI-GSI C/C-SiC复合材料微观结构与力学性能的影响。结果表明，由纤维体积分数与C/C素坯密度都相同的预制体所制备的两种复合材料的密度、各相组成、结构与性能均大不相同。较小的碳纤维丝束(1K)和碳布面密度(92 g/m²),以及锁式缝合留下的较大孔隙为GSI反应中Si蒸气的渗透提供了更加充足的通道，最终制备的T1复合材料孔隙率低、结构均匀、性能更高，其弯曲强度、模量和断裂韧度分别为300.97 MPa, 51.75 GPa, 11.32 MPa·m^1/2。初始预制体结构和C/C中间体结构的综合调控是CVI-GSI联用工艺制备高性能C/C-SiC复合材料的关键。     

碳纤维预制体结构对CVI-GSI C/C-SiC复合材料微观结构与力学性能的影响EI

采用不同面密度和丝束大小的碳纤维布,通过不同z向缝合方式编织了两种碳布叠层结构的碳纤维预制体,再经化学气相渗透法(chemical vapor infiltration,CVI)与气相渗硅法(gaseous silicon infiltration,GSI)联用制备了C/C-SiC复合材料。研究了碳纤维预制体结构对CVI-GSI C/C-SiC复合材料微观结构与力学性能的影响。结果表明,由纤维体积分数与C/C素坯密度都相同的预制体所制备的两种复合材料的密度、各相组成、结构与性能均大不相同。较小的碳纤维丝束(1K)和碳布面密度(92 g/m^(2)),以及锁式缝合留下的较大孔隙为GSI反应中Si蒸气的渗透提供了更加充足的通道,最终制备的T1复合材料孔隙率低、结构均匀、性能更高,其弯曲强度、模量和断裂韧度分别为300.97 MPa,51.75 GPa,11.32 MPa·m^(1/2)。初始预制体结构和C/C中间体结构的综合调控是CVI-GSI联用工艺制备高性能C/C-SiC复合材料的关键。     

Phenomena of catalytic graphitization

In recent years the phenomena of catalytic graphitization have developed considerably. Four types of catalytic graphitization are known to produce G-, T_s-, A- and T_n- components. The review summarizes the use of elements, alloys and compounds as catalysts. The importance of catalyst particle size is stressed as well as the method of addition of the catalyst to the carbon. Extents of graphitization induced by catalysts are markedly dependent upon the existing degree of graphitization already present in the parent carbon. The effects of graphitization at different temperatures are summarized as well as the effects caused by the ambient atmosphere, for example by oxygen and nitrogen. Mechanisms of catalytic graphitization resulting in G-, T_s-, A- and T_n- components are outlined and changes in synthetic graphites caused by catalytic graphitization are presented.     

Oxygen interaction with Pt-Pd-Rh catalytic alloys

The effect ofmolecular oxygen interaction with Pt92.5%-Pd4%-Rh3.5% and Pt81%-Pd15%-Rh3.5%-Ru0.5% (wt%) alloy Qauzesvvasstudied. The investigation was carried out at temperatures of 1163 and 1373 K under oxygen pressure of 0.094 M Pa. Reaction of the alloys with oxygen leads to the formation of volatile oxides-PtO₂, RhO and PdO and to changes in the surface topography and chemical composition of the gauzes. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis methods the rate of the volatile oxide formation and the characteristics of the surface changes were determined. The rate of the oxide formation decreases with increasing palladium concentration in the alloys. The distributions of elements on the oxidized surfaces are non-uniform; grain facets are enriched with platinum and grain boundaries with rhodium and oxygen, probably in the form of Rh₂O₃. However, distinct differences in palladium distribution were not observed.     

Transparent and catalytic carbon nanotube films

We report on the synthesis of thin, transparent, and highly catalytic carbon nanotube films. Nanotubes catalyze the reduction of triiodide, a reaction that is important for the dye-sensitized solar cell, with a charge-transfer resistance as measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy that decreases with increasing film thickness. Moreover, the catalytic activity can be significantly enhanced by exposing the nanotubes to ozone in order to introduce defects. Ozone-treated, defective nanotube films could serve as catalytic, transparent, and conducting electrodes for the dye-sensitized solar cell. Other possible applications include batteries, fuel cells, and electroanalytical devices.