热压2%（mol）Y2O3—ZrO2陶瓷中t—m相等温转变

用热膨胀分析、Ｘ射线衍射研究了热压２％（ｍｏｌ）Ｙ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２陶瓷中ｔ－ｍ等温转变动力学。结果表明：经过快速冷却而得到的四方相（ｔ）在随后２００～４００℃区间保温时发生了四方相（ｔ）到单斜相（ｍ）的转变。该转变的时间－温度－转变量（ＴＴＴ）曲线呈Ｃ形，鼻子温度为３００℃）。高于或低于上述温度范围，未出现ｍ相，可用Ａｖｒａｍｉ方程的一般形式来描述动力学曲线。该相变的形核与长大均是时间的函数，相变     

Si_3N_4－ZrO_2陶瓷中ZrN的生成及其对性能的影响

研究了ＺｒＮ在Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４－ＺｒＯ＿２复相陶瓷中的形成及其对材料性能的影响，结果表明：在１．５ＭＰａＮ２气压烧结条件下，ＺｒＮ的形成温度约为１６００℃，提高Ｎ＿２的压力有利于抑制ＺｒＮ的生成，以稳定的ｔ－ＺｒＯ＿２加Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４基体中，对抑制ＺｒＮ的生成有明显作用。当复相陶瓷中生成一定量的ＺｒＮ时，力学性能明显下降，而ＺｒＯ＿２分布均匀且以ｔ－ＺｒＯ＿２，ｃ－ＺｒＯ＿２形式存在时，复相陶瓷具有较高的强度（７４０ＭＰａ）和断裂韧性（８．８ＭＰａ·ｍ￣（１／２））。     

固定化细胞生产L－苹果酸新工艺及动力学研究

对产氨短杆菌ＭＡ－２固定化细胞在富马酸铵体系中转化生成Ｌ－苹果酸的优化工艺条件做了探讨，结果表明，富马酸铵浓度为１．８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ｐＨ７．０～８．０，反应温度为３７℃时，Ｌ－苹果酸得率达２００ｇ／Ｌ左右。同时，对固定化细胞的动力学进行了研究，结果为：ｒ（ｍａｘ）＝５８ｍｍｏｌ／（Ｌ·ｈ·ｇ固定化湿细胞）），Ｋｍ＝６．２５×１Ｏ￣（－２）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＿ｍ＝１．５６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ     

氧化锆在电场下的相变

在２００－４００℃温度范围内，电场可以显著促进３％Ｙ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２中四方相氧化锆向单斜相的转变，而且其等温动力学曲线呈抛物线规律，这说明在氧化四方相向单斜相的转变过程中存在着明显的扩散篚现象。另外，近阳极而的相变量明显高于阴极面的相变量，这说明该相变过程与氧空位或缺陷簇的迁移过程密切相关。     

中温烧结BaO－PbO－Bi_2O_3－Nd_2O_3－TiO_2系统陶瓷的组

研究了ＢａＯ－ＰｂＯ－Ｂｉ＿２Ｏ＿３－Ｎｄ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＴｉＯ＿２五元系统各成分对系统介电性能的影响。调整各组分及玻璃的含量，获得中温（１１４０℃）烧结的热稳定独石电容器瓷料（ＮＰＯＭＬＣ），其介电系数ε＝９０±５，损耗ｔｇδ≤３×１０￣（－４），绝缘电阻率ρ＿ｖ≥１０￣（１２）Ω·ｃｍ，介电系数的温度系数α＿ε＝０±１５×１０￣（－６）／℃。     

O＇－Sialon－ZrO_2复合材料在1250～1350℃的氧化过程

采用热重分析方法，研究不同ＺｒＯ２含量（１０％～４０％）的无压烧结Ｏ＇－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ－ＺｒＯ２材料在１２５０～１３５０℃的氧化过程。结果表明．在１２５０℃的氧化过程缓慢，只有很少的重量变化，但在１３５０℃时，氧化速度增加。氧化增重随时问的变化遵循抛物线方程（△Ｗ／Ａ０）２＝Ｋｐ０·ｔ＋Ｂ０。１３５０℃氧化后的表面氧化层主要由α－方石英、ＺｒＯ２（ｍ·ｔ）、ＺｒＳｉＯ４及非品质相组成。     

等离子喷涂ZrO2／NiCoCrAlY梯度涂层中ZrO2组元的显微结构特征

Ｚｒｏ２／ＮｉＣｏＣｒＡｌＹ梯度涂层中的８％Ｙ２Ｏ３部分稳定ＺｒＯ２组元在等离子喷涂后的快速凝固和冷却过程，发生了ｃ→ｔ’非扩散型相变的ｃ→ｔ扩散型相变，以及少量的ｔ→ｍ相变。涂层中ＺｒＯ２主要由未转变的ｃ相及转变产物ｔ相和ｔ’相组成，并存在少量的ｍ相。     

助烧剂Y2O3对ZrO2（Y—TZP）—Si3N4系统中ZrO2相组成的影响

本文研究了助烧剂Ｙ２Ｏ３对ＧＰＳＺｒＯ２（３ｍｏｌ％Ｙ－ＴＺＰ）－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４系统中ＺｒＯ２相结构的影响。研究结果表明：ＺｒＯ２（Ｙ－ＴＺＰ）－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４系统中不添加Ｙ２Ｏ３助烧剂,ＺｒＯ２相组成主要以ｍ－ＺｒＯ２形式存在,并有少量氮稳定ＺｒＯ２;ＺｒＯ２（Ｙ－ＴＺＰ）－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４系统中添加５ｗｔ％Ｙ２Ｏ３助烧剂,ＺｒＯ２相组成为ｃ－ＺｒＯ２、不能相变的过稳定ｔ－ＺｒＯ２。     

溶胶－凝胶法制备莫来石晶须

用正硅酸乙酯、硝酸铝为原料，采用溶胶－凝胶工艺制备了Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＳｉＯ＿２干凝胶，通过高温热处理制得了直径为０．５～２．５μｍ，长径比为５～４０的莫来石晶须。采用ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ，ＴＥＭ和ＳＡＤＰ等手段研究了莫来石晶须的晶相组成、形貌与生长方向，发现莫来石晶须是沿其ｃ轴方向生长的。用４ｍｏｌ／ＬＮＨ＿３·Ｈ＿２Ｏ催化的Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＳｉＯ＿２溶胶的凝胶化时间越短，经高温热处理后莫来石晶须含量越高。     

溶胶凝胶法制备K_2O－PbO－B_2O_3－SiO_2系统梯度折射率材料

溶胶凝胶法制备Ｋ＿２Ｏ－ＰｂＯ－Ｂ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＳｉＯ＿２系统梯度折射率材料吕文生，周世（华东理工大学无机材料系２００２３７）杜新民，沈定坤，陈幼新（中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所２０００５０）ＡＮｅｗＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｗｉｔｈＧｒａｄｉｅｎｔＲｅｆｒａｃｔ...     

Victrex® poly(ethersulfone) (PES) and Victrex® poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK)

Properties of two high performance engineering thermoplastics, amorphous polyethersulfone (PES) and semicrystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK), are discussed. Both resins can be processed by conventional techniques, compounded with high performance fibers, and have high service temperature (up to 300°C). Due to the amorphous character PES can be dissolved and spray coated into metals.     

Photopyroelectric Spectroscopic Studies of ZnO-MnO(2)-Co(3)O(4)-V(2)O(5) Ceramics

Photopyroelectric (PPE) spectroscopy is a nondestructive tool that is used to study the optical properties of the ceramics (ZnO + 0.4MnO(2) + 0.4Co(3)O(4) + xV(2)O(5)), x = 0-1 mol%. Wavelength of incident light, modulated at 10 Hz, was in the range of 300-800 nm. PPE spectrum with reference to the doping level and sintering temperature is discussed. Optical energy band-gap (E(g)) was 2.11 eV for 0.3 mol% V(2)O(5) at a sintering temperature of 1025 °C as determined from the plot (ρhυ)(2)versushυ. With a further increase in V(2)O(5), the value of E(g) was found to be 2.59 eV. Steepness factor 'σ(A)' and 'σ(B)', which characterize the slope of exponential optical absorption, is discussed with reference to the variation of E(g). XRD, SEM and EDAX are also used for characterization of the ceramic. For this ceramic, the maximum relative density and grain size was observed to be 91.8% and 9.5 μm, respectively.     

(Ba_(1-α)Sr_α)_(4.8)(Sm_(0.7)La_(0.3))_(8.8)Ti_(18)O_(54)陶瓷的微波介电性能

采用固相合成法制备了(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54(α=0.1～0.5)系陶瓷,表征了该陶瓷的相组成和显微结构,测试了微波介电性能.结果表明:α=0.3时,(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54系陶瓷为单相的新钨青铜结构固溶体.α>0.3时,相继出现了第二相BaLa2Ti4O12和La0.66TiO2.993.随α的增加,(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54系陶瓷的相对介电常数(εr)先增大后有所波动,品质因数(Qf)先增大后减小,谐振频率温度系数(τf)单调减小.α=0.3时,在1 350℃烧结的陶瓷的微波介电性能最佳:εr=98.77,Qf=5184GHz,τf=10.9×10-6/℃,优于不掺杂的BaO-Sm2O3-TiO2陶瓷的.     

Calcium silicate hydrate (II) (“C-S-H(II)”)

This semicrystalline phase, originally named ‘calcium silicate hydrate(II)’ by Taylor (1950), has been studied with X-rays, electron optics, chemical investigation of silicate anion type, infrared spectra, and thermal methods. It is structurally related to jennite (C₉S₆H₁₁) and probably also to the fibrous CSH of cement pastes, the three phases forming a sequence of decreasing crystallinity. The specimen studied had approximate composition C₂SH_3.2 after standing over saturated CaCλ₂ at about 15°C. CSH(II) contains metasilicate chains and pyrosilicate groups and has a disordered layer structure. Much of the water can be lost reversibly without significant change in lattice parameters.     

Poly(butadiene-acrylic acid(g)acrylonitrile(g)acrylic acid)

Summary In the present work we describe, the synthesis and characterization of a new gel obtained by crosslinking a cooligomer of butadiene-acrylic acid (BuAA), by reaction with acrylonitrile and acrylic acid. The purified product was characterized by FTIR, elemental analyses and scanning electronic microscopy. The thermal properties were studied and swelling indexes were determined in different solvents and at different pH values. The capacity of poly(butadiene-acrylic acid(g)acrylonitrile(g)acrylic acid) [gel A] to separate different organic substances, such as amino acids and colorants, was determined.     

Chemical cross-linking of conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)

Hybrid films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were prepared with different molecular weights of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The cross-linking reaction between PEO and PEDOT:PSS was performed at high temperature and confirmed by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), contact angle measurement, and solid-state ¹H NMR. The effect of chemical reaction on the conductivity and morphology of these hybrid films was studied by using 4-point probe and atomic force microscope (AFM), respectively. As-spun PEO/PEDOT:PSS films have lower electric conductivity due to the addition of nonconductive PEO, and exhibits no molecular weight dependence on conductivity. After chemical cross-linking reaction at high temperature, only PEDOT:PSS films with lowest molecular weight PEO additives show enhanced conductivity with increasing reaction time. AFM result indicates that the heat-treated PEO/PEDOT:PSS hybrid films show grain-like morphology compared to ethylene glycol treated PEDOT:PSS films which shows continuous PEDOT domain. In the present work we demonstrate that the cross-linking reaction can be used to improve the wet stability of PEDOT:PSS nanofiber, showing good water resistance and excellent dimensional stability.     

Photooxidative stability of substituted poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA)

The addition of side groups to improve the photooxidative stability of polymers used in polymer-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is explored. Infrared spectroscopy and computational chemistry techniques are used to study the effects of chemical substitution of the reactive vinylene moiety in poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV). The bond order of the vinylene group in small oligomers is calculated using semiempirical techniques to assess the improvement in stability toward oxidants such as singlet oxygen. We find that PPV dimers allow relative comparisons across a range of possible substitutions. Experimental results correlate well with these calculations. The addition of electron-withdrawing substituents, such as nitrile groups, to the vinylene moiety is found to be particularly effective in reducing the reactivity of alkoxy-substituted PPV toward singlet oxygen. The photooxidative stability of a poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA) derivative is also studied. It appears that this family of polymers is more stable toward photooxidation than are its PPV analogs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2451–2458, 1998     

Thermal studies of blends of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) with poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPSS) and with poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPSE)

The miscibilities of poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPS/PPSS) and poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPS/PPSE) blends were invesigated in terms of shifts of glass transition temperatures T_g of pure PPS, PPSS, a dn PPSE. The crystallization kinetics of PPS/PPSS blends was also studied as a function of molar composition. The PPS/PPSS and PPS/PPSE blends are respectively partially and fully miscible. PPSE shows a plasticizing effect on PPS as does PPS on PPSS, which necessarily improves te processibility in the respective systems. We can control T_g and melting temperature T_m of PPS by varying amounts of PPSE in blends. The melt crystallization temperature T_mc of PPS/PPSE blends was higher than that of the PPSE homopolymer. Therefore, these blends require shorter cycle times in processing than pure PPSE. The overall rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends follows the Avrami equation with an exponent ?2. The maximal rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends occurs at a temperatre higher by 10°C than that for PPS, while the crystallization half time t_1/2 is 4 times shorter. In the cold crystallization range, crystal growth rates increase and Avrami exponents decrease significantly as the temperature increases.