25Cr3Mo3NiNb二次硬化钢中的碳化物

利用TEM和萃取相分析方法，研究了25Cr3Mo3NiNb二次硬化钢淬火回火组织中的碳化物。结果表明，随淬火奥氏体化温度的升高，M6C型碳化物逐渐溶解。于1050℃奥氏体化时M6C型碳化物全部溶解，淬火态试样中只有少量的Nb(C，N)颗粒和自回火M3C型碳化物。随回火温度的升高，先后析出ε、M3C、M2C和M7C3等类型的碳化物。Nb(C，N)颗粒可以阻止淬火奥氏体晶粒的异常长大，而高温回火析出的M2C碳化物有二次硬化作用，从而提高回火稳定性和高温强韧性。     

固溶处理对0.16C-10Ni-14Co-1Cr-1Mo钢和0.23C-12Ni-14Co-3Cr-1Mo钢组织与性能的影响

适当提高淬火温度，由于未溶碳化物（M23C6）的减少可使韧性得到改善，16NiCo（0．16C－10Ni－14Co－1Cr－1Mo）钢的淬火温度超过860℃，510℃回火的冲击韧性和断裂韧性将出现缓慢下降。23NiCo（0．23C－12Ni－14Co－3Cr－1Mo）钢的淬火温度超过950℃，482℃回火冲击韧性大幅度降低。     

淬火及回火处理对新型槽帮钢30MnSiCrMo组织性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸冲击试验机及布氏硬度计等研究了新型槽帮钢30MnSiCrMo经900～920℃30 min淬火,350～550℃2h回火的组织性能变化。结果表明,350～550℃不同回火过程中,试验钢出现马氏体分解、碳化物转变、聚集长大及α相回复再结晶等转变,室温组织由回火马氏体向回火屈氏体和回火索氏体过渡。随着回火温度的上升,基体固溶强化与碳化物析出强化减弱,试验钢的强度与硬度连续降低,而塑性与韧性不断提高,试验钢在900和920℃30 min水淬后450～520℃2 h回火时获得良好的强韧性匹配,即抗拉强度1159～1008 MPa,屈服强度1107～944 MPa,断后伸长率11.8%～15.0%,室温硬度336～293HBW,V型缺口冲击吸收功45.5～67.5 J,能够满足中部槽材料的强韧性要求。     

热处理对40CrMnSiB低合金超高强度钢组织和性能的影响

采用OM、SEM、JMatPro7.0分析技术,研究了热处理工艺(860～950℃淬火+200～400℃回火)对新型中碳40CrMnSiB低合金超高强度钢(0.41C,0.84Cr,0.76Mn,1.44Si,0.006B)微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:920℃淬火和300℃回火钢的力学性能达到最佳强韧性匹配,即抗拉强度为1 943 MPa、屈服强度为1 931 MPa、延伸率为9%、断面收缩率为39.5%、冲击吸收功为44J、HRC硬度值为52.7。     

淬回火工艺对马氏体不锈钢3Cr17Mo组织和力学性能的影响

试验研究了960~1140℃淬火、200~650℃回火工艺对成分(%)为0.39C,16.73Cr,1.07Mo,0.25V,0.09Cu的塑料模具用马氏体不锈钢3Cr17Mo组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,3Cr17Mo钢的淬火组织为板条马氏体+铁素体+(Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆碳化物;经1000~1060℃淬火、260~300℃或550~600℃回火后,3Cr17Mo钢具有良好的综合力学性能。     

40Cr钢冲击钻杆强韧性提升研究

在40Cr钢传统调质处理工艺的基础上,开展了40Cr钢冲击钻杆零保温淬火工艺的研究。结果表明:在860℃加热+零保温油冷淬火+550℃高温回火工艺下,40Cr钢抗拉强度为1 086MPa,室温冲击韧性为107.7J/cm2(较传统调质处理工艺提高近25%),金相组织为回火索氏体。零保温淬火工艺细化了奥氏体晶粒,提高了40Cr钢冲击钻杆强韧性,同时减少了热处理在炉时间,降低了能耗。     

热处理工艺对Cr12MoV钢组织及硬度的影响

采用金相显微镜、XRD射线衍射仪及维氏硬度计等,研究了普通热处理和深冷处理工艺对Cr12MoV钢显微组织及硬度的影响。结果表明:Cr12MoV钢经普通热处理和深冷处理淬火后的组织均为隐针马氏体+残余奥氏体+碳化物,200℃低温回火后组织转变为回火马氏体+碳化物+残余奥氏体。深冷处理可大幅减少钢中残余奥氏体,提升钢的硬度;热处理采用1 020℃加热保温60 min淬火+(-196℃)深冷2 h+200℃回火保温120 min,硬度(HV30)值最高,可达780。     

低合金耐磨钢的组织与性能

低成本、高性能耐磨钢的需求增长及其开发都在进行中.本研究根据对耐磨钢性能的要求,试制了三种不同合金化方式的低合金耐磨钢,利用金相显微镜、透射电子显微镜、洛氏硬度计、万能材料试验机、夏氏冲击试验机和磨粒磨损实验机研究了其组织和性能,讨论了它们间的关系.结果表明:0.25C钢经不同工艺热处理后均获得了马氏体组织,并发生不同程度的自回火现象,硬度均大于45 HRC,屈服强度大于1 000 MPa,抗拉强度大于1 500 MPa,并具有一定的塑性和韧性;在860℃淬火或920℃淬火并250℃回火后,实验钢的硬度、强度、塑性和韧性有最佳的配合,耐磨性最佳;V微合金化对钢的组织和性能没有明显影响.0.33C钢860℃或920℃奥氏体化后以等于或大于2.0℃/s的冷速连续冷却或风冷至室温,回火或不回火即可得到由贝氏体与马氏体组成的混合组织,硬度超过50 HRC,屈服强度大于900 MPa,抗拉强度大于1 500 MPa,有一定的塑性和韧性,耐磨性良好,与商用淬火-回火耐磨钢类似;但由于具有高的加工硬化能力和良好的冲击韧性,在冲击条件下的耐磨性会优于商用钢.不同工艺热处理后的试验钢的磨损率随砂纸粒度和载荷增大而增大,载荷的影响较大,而磨粒的影响较小.     

热处理对DT300低合金超高强度钢组织和性能的影响

试验和分析了840—960℃油淬的DT300钢（％：0．33C、1．78Si、0．76Mn、5．78Ni、1．10Cr、0．65Mo、0．12V）的马氏体转变和ε-碳化物的析出以及淬火温度对300℃回火后钢的机械性能的影响。结果表明，DT300钢经860-920℃1h油淬＋300℃2h回火可获得较完全的板条马氏体和优良的强韧性（Rm1860MPa，Rp0．21500MPa，A12％，AKU258J）。     

高温不锈轴承钢Cr14Mo4的热处理、组织和性能

试验研究了电渣重熔Cr14M950～1 200 ℃淬火、450～550 ℃回火后钢的组织和性能.结果表明,(890±20)℃退火后钢的HB硬度值207～255;1 100～1 120 ℃淬火500～525 ℃四次回火后钢的组织由细针状回火马氏体、残余奥氏体和碳化物组成,HRC硬度值61,断裂韧性KIC为31.5～32.1 MPa·m1/2;Cr14Mo4钢200 ℃高温接触疲劳寿命L10为1.1×105,并且Cr14Mo4钢具有较好的耐磨性能.     

回火对20SiMn3NiA钢组织和力学性能的影响

研究了20SiMn3NiA钢860℃正火,900℃40 min油淬,180～650℃90～150 min回火的组织和力学性能。结果表明,该钢较佳的回火温度为200～250℃,230℃回火后得到板条马氏体、细棒状碳化物析出相和残余奥氏体,在250℃回火时该钢的抗拉强度(Rm)超过1 500 MPa,冲击韧性(AKY)超过80 J,有较好的强韧性匹配。20SiMn3NiA钢在320℃中温回火时,碳化物析出相呈连续的片状分布,使得该钢的冲击韧性值很低,当在320～600℃区间回火时,20SiMn3NiA钢具有明显的回火脆性。     

调质处理工艺对微合金化Q960E钢70 mm板组织性能的影响

采用890～920℃淬火和560～600℃回火工艺对Q960E钢70 mm板进行性能测试,并利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)对Q960E钢板显微组织进行分析。结果表明：采用920℃淬火和560℃回火工艺的钢板强韧性匹配最优(UTS 1048 MPa, YS 1005 MPa, el.14%,-40℃KV₂ 52～61 J),钢板全厚度方向性能分布相对均匀,硬度值为27.5～33HRC;组织从表面至心部为回火索氏体和残余奥氏体。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steel 6Crl5MoV

 Martensitic stainless steel containing Cr of 12% to 18% (mass percent) are common utilized in quenching and tempering processes for knife and cutlery steel. The properties obtained in these materials are significantly influenced by matrix composition after heat treatment, especially as Cr and C content. Comprehensive considered the hardness and corrosion resistance, a new type martensitic stainless steel 6Cr15MoV has been developed. The effect of heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel is emphatically researched. Thermo-Calc software has been carried out to thermodynamic calculation; OM, SEM and TEM have been carried out to microstructure observation; hardness and impact toughness test have been carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties. Results show that the equilibrium carbide in 6Cr15MoV steel is M23C6 carbide, and the M23C6 carbides finely distributed in annealed microstructure. 6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel has a wider quenching temperature range, the hardness value of steel 6Cr15MoV can reach to HRC 608 to HRC 616 when quenched at 1060 to 1100 ℃. Finely distributed carbides will exist in quenched microstructure, and effectively inhabit the growth of austenite grain. With the increasing of quenching temperature, the volume fraction of undissolved carbides will decrease. The excellent comprehensive mechanical properties can be obtained by quenched at 1060 to 1100 ℃ with tempered at 100 to 150 ℃, and it is mainly due to the high carbon martensite and fine grain size. At these temperature ranges, the hardness will retain about HRC 592 to HRC 616 and the Charpy U-notch impact toughness will retain about 173 to 20 J. A lot of M23C6 carbides precipitated from martensite matrix, at the same time along the boundaries of martensite lathes which leading to the decrease of impact toughness when tempered at 500 to 540 ℃. The M3C precipitants also existed in the martensite matrix of test steel after tempered at 500 ℃, and the mean size of M3C precipitates is bigger than that of M23C6 precipitates.     

高强度弹簧钢60SiCrV7 的性能和应用

试验研究了新型高强度弹簧钢60SiCrV7(%:0.54～0.65C,1.35～1.65Si,0.7～1.0Cr,0.1～0.2V)的淬、回火工艺对力学性能的影响,结果表明,经最佳热处理工艺920℃油淬,430～450℃回火后,钢的抗拉强度为1750MPa,屈服强度1440MPa,冲击功9J,具有高的疲劳寿命,可以满足高强度弹簧设计需求。     

Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steel 6Cr15MoV

Martensitic stainless steel containing 12%-18%Cr have high hardness due to high carbon content. These steels are common utilized in quenching and tempering processes for knife and cutlery steel.The properties obtained in these materials are significantly influenced by matrix composition after heat treatment,especially as Cr and C content.Comprehensive considered the hardness and corrosion resistance,a new type martensitic stainless steel 6Cr15MoV has been developed.This study emphatic researches the effect of heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel.Thermo-Calc software has been carried out to thermodynamic calculation;optical microscope（OM）,scanning electronic microscope（SEM） and transmission electron microscope（TEM） have been carried out to microstructure observation;hardness and impact toughness test have been carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties.Results show that the equilibrium carbide in 6Cr15MoV steel is M₂₃,C₆ carbide,and finely distributed of M₂₃C₆ carbides can be observed on annealed microstructure of 6Cr15MoV stainless steel.6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel has a wider quenching temperature range,the hardness value of steel 6Cr15MoV can reach to 60.8 -61.6 HRC when quenched at 1060 - 1100℃.Finely distributed carbides will exist in quenched microstructure,and effectively inhabit the growth of austenite grain.With the increasing of quenching temperature,the volume fraction of undissolved carbides will decrease.The excellent comprehensive mechanical properties can be obtained by quenched at 1060-1100℃with tempered at 100-150℃,and it is mainly due to the high carbon martensite and fine grain size.At these temperature ranges,the hardness will retain about 59.2-61.6 HRC and the Charpy U-notch impact toughness will retain about 17.3-20 J.The morphology of impact fracture surface of tested steel is small dimples with a small amount of cleavage planes.The area of cleavage planes increases with the increasing of tempering temperature.     

回火温度对20SiMnMo高强度钢微观组织与力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、洛氏硬度计、万能力学试验机以及冲击试验机研究了950℃淬火220℃、240℃、260℃、280℃、300℃和320℃3 h回火试验对20SiMnMo高强度钢（/%:0.22C,0.80Si,1.00Mn,0.40Mo,0.72Cr,0.20Ni）微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着回火温度的升高,试验钢的硬度、强度不断下降,伸长率、室温冲击功先升高再降低。当260℃回火时,试验钢具有均匀细长的板条马氏体组织,其强塑韧综合力学性能最佳:硬度值44.8HRC、AKV2冲击功75.3 J、抗拉强度1 278 MPa、屈服强度1 210 MPa、伸长率15.5%。     

淬火温度对80mm调质690MPa级低碳贝氏体高强钢板组织性能的影响

通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、力学性能测试,研究了830～930℃淬火+650 ℃回火对690 MPa高强钢显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:实验钢经两相区830 ℃淬火+650 ℃回火后的组织为板条状铁素体和回火索氏体,其屈服强度较低为679 MPa.淬火温度在完全奥氏体化相区为890～930℃时,随着淬火温度升高,材...     

轧制比和Nb对V-Ti微合金非调质钢组织及性能的影响

通过金相、扫描、透射电镜研究不同轧制比工艺下V-Ti、Nb-V-Ti两种微合金化非调质钢的微观组织及机械性能。结果显示:Nb-V-Ti非调质钢轧制比大于10时,冲击韧性值可以达到50 J,而V-Ti非调质钢的轧制比却需要大于15以上,才能达到类似的冲击韧性值。从相同轧制比对比也可以发现,Nb-V-Ti非调质钢的冲击性能明显优于V-Ti非调质钢,这是因为Nb能够显著提高非调质钢的奥氏体粗化温度,有效阻止奥氏体晶粒的快速长大,细化非调质钢晶粒,降低珠光体片层间距,使渗碳体呈粒状或球状分布;另外,Nb能促进V-Ti非调质钢中细小含铌碳化物的弥散析出,细化基体组织,同时提高非调质钢的强度。因此,Nb-V-Ti复合非调质钢经过未再结晶区变形后可获得均匀细小的铁素体-珠光体组织,且在900℃未再结晶区进行大轧制比变形能够有效改善Nb-V-Ti非调质钢的强韧性。