非比例加载下冷变形Zr-4合金的宏观应力响应及其位错亚结构

研究了相位角分别为30°, 60°, 90°以及等效应变幅分别为0．8％, 0．6％, 0．4％时双轴非比例加载下,冷变形去应力状态Zr-4合金的宏观响应和微观位错亚结构．结果表明:应力矢量和应变增量矢量之间的滞迟角θ在循环变形初期变化幅度较大;随着塑性变形的进行,变化幅度逐渐减小并趋于稳定．滞迟角的变化幅度与加载路径曲率的变化有关: 90°相位角时变化幅度最小, 30°相位角时变化幅度最大．在椭圆和圆形加载路径下,随着应变路径弧长△l的增大,等效应力的平均值升高,而变化幅度减小并渐趋稳定．随着相位角的提高,等效应力响应平均值升高． Zr-4合金在非比例加载过程中表现出初始硬化．随后持续软化的持征．随着相位角的提高,循环软化程度加剧．非比例循环过程中Zr-4合金的等效应力高于相同等效应变幅下的比例加载,表现出潜在强化特征． TEM观察表明:随着相位角的增加, Z卜4合金双轴疲劳位错亚结构由单个位错线向位错缠结及成熟的位错胞转化．材料内部各向同性强化机理加强是Zr-4合金非比例潜在强化的主要原因．     

双轴加载下冷变形Zr-4合金的循环变形行为及其微观机理

研究了冷变形Zr-4合金在双轴比例和非比例加载下的循环变形行为,结果表明:当循环应变幅较低时,Zr-4合金表现为循环初始硬化随后饱和的特征;随着应变幅提高,初期硬化后,表现为连续循环软化特征;高应变幅下,初期硬化消失,表现为急剧的循环软化.相同等效应变幅下,非比例加载下的Mises循环等效应力明显高于比例加载,表现为非比例附加硬化现象; 相位角30°时,非比例附加硬化程度最高.非比例加载下疲劳寿命低于比例加载.双轴疲劳变形亚结构TEM观察表明:当加载方式由比例加载转化为非比例加载时,疲劳位错结构由拉长的位错条带向位错缠结和位错胞转化,材料内部各向同性强化机理加强是Zr-4合金非比例潜在硬化的原因.     

不同疲劳热环境下GH4169高温合金形变行为研究

以镍基高温合金GH4169为对象,研究了600℃时不同取向的3种镍基单晶合金在不同低周疲劳下的循环变形行为,采用计算机软件对试验数据进行拟合分析。结果表明,3种取向[001]、[011]和[111]的镍基单晶合金,在不同总应变幅下的硬化曲线均在高总应变幅时表现为循环硬化,在低总应变幅时为循环稳定的特征;[001]取向的合金在0.6%总应变幅下的应力-应变为线性关系,显示出弹性变形的特点;在0.85%总应变幅下发生塑性变形;当总应变幅增加到1%时,可以观察到合金中位错缠结,且位错密度明显增大。     

预变形对AZ31B镁合金循环变形和疲劳行为的影响

通过小应变幅值预循环变形和预压缩变形对挤压态AZ31B合金分别引入了大量位错和孪晶,研究了预变形对AZ31B合金单向变形行为、循环变形行为和疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:预循环变形能提高单向拉伸屈服强度,对大应变幅值下的疲劳性能几乎没有影响,但在小应变幅值下出现明显的硬化现象,疲劳性能明显下降。预压缩降低了单向拉伸屈服强度,对大应变幅值下的疲劳性能无显著影响,而在小应变幅值下会增大塑性应变能密度,减少疲劳寿命。     

组织对医用Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb钛合金低周疲劳行为及变形机制的影响

研究了具有2种不同组织（固溶态、时效态）的Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb(TLM)合金在室温应变控制的低周疲劳循环变形行为及微观变形机制。结果表明：TLM合金的循环硬化/软化行为与应变幅和组织密切相关。固溶态合金的低周疲劳寿命更高,且弹性模量均随循环周次和总应变幅的增大,从保持不变到急剧增加,时效态的弹性模量则在循环变形过程中基本保持不变。微观组织特征表明,固溶态合金的循环变形机制主要依赖位错滑移、变形诱发的α″马氏体和独特的“Z”型β孪晶协同作用,而时效态合金则只是以位错滑移为主。     

奥氏体预变形温度对提高Fe－Mn－Si合金记忆效应的影响

本文研究了５７３─１０７３Ｋ温度范围内３％奥氏体预变形对Ｆｅ－２９．９％Ｍｎ－６．０％Ｓｉ合金记忆效应的影响．结果表明，固溶态的样品经奥氏体预变形后，在室温变形时，记忆应变（ε（ｔｒ））、应变回复率（η）及记忆应变达到饱和所对应的应变值都得到了明显的提高：随预变形温度升高，室温经约２．５％变形后应变回复率增加，并在合金动态再结晶开始温度９７３Ｋ预变形后具有最大值９８％；经９７３Ｋ预变形，合金的最大记忆应变由固溶态的１．７％提高至３．８％，完全记忆应变达２．２％；奥氏体预变形的作用在于降低了室温诱发ε马氏体的临界应力．     

GH3044的低周疲劳行为研究

研究了镍基高温合金GH3044在室温和600℃的低周疲劳行为,对循环应力-应变和应变寿命数据进行了分析,给出了GH3044合金在此温度下的疲劳参数.合金的循环应力响应行为在室温下呈现循环硬化而后软化的特征,而在600℃时呈现循环硬化的特征,原因在于循环变形过程中位错之间以及位错与析出相之间的相互作用.Coffin-Ma...     

Fe—28Al—5Cr与Fe—28Al—5Cr—0.5Nb—0.1C合金的超塑性变形能力与特征

研究了 Ｆｅ－２８Ａｌ－５Ｃｒ（原子分数）与 Ｆｅ－２８Ａｌ－５Ｃｒ－０．５Ｎｂ－０．１Ｃ合金的高温变形行为,结果表明,在 ８５０ ℃左右,应变速率为 ８．３×１０－４ ｓ－１时,呈现一定的超塑性变形能力,延伸率分别达到 １４５％和 ２５４％;应变速率敏感指数 ｍ分别为 ０．４与 ０．３５;激活能分别为： ２４３ ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ与 ２１８ ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．在变形过程中,位错堆积形成小角度晶界,并逐渐转变成大角度晶界,使粗大的原始晶粒细化．     

Cu-Cr-Zr合金的低周疲劳行为

通过室温低周疲劳(LCF)试验研究了Cu-Cr-Zr合金的低周疲劳性能和循环变形行为,利用电子背散射衍射、透射电镜和扫描电镜分别分析了合金循环变形前后的微观结构和疲劳断口。结果表明:Cu-Cr-Zr合金的弹性应变幅、塑性应变幅与断裂时的循环周次之间的关系可分别用Basquin和Coffin-Manson公式表示。Cu-Cr-Zr合金在高外加总应变幅(Δε_t/2=0.6%)的疲劳变形后期会出现循环硬化现象,循环变形组织为位错墙、位错团簇、亚结构胞状组织的混合结构,并且观察到了孪晶的形成。此外,所选材料在外加总应变幅为0.4%时的疲劳断口呈现多疲劳源特征,疲劳裂纹扩展区中观察到了大量的撕裂棱、韧窝、以及犁沟。     

锆—4合金的时间相关低周疲劳

研究了锆－４合金在不同应变速率下的低周疲劳和带应变保持时间相关低周疲劳行为。结果表明：在不同加载方式下，锆－４合金均表现为循环硬化，应变保持和应变速率降低均进一步提高环孢和应力。应变保持降低材料的疲劳寿命，特别是在高应变幅区域。随着应变速率降低、材料疲劳寿命降低。疲劳变形亚结构观察表明：锆－４合金时间相关疲劳过程中以｛１０１↑－０｝柱面滑移和晶界滑移方式变形。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.