BEM-3原油流动性改进剂的研制及其在鲁宁线上的工业性应用

介绍了 BEM 3原油流动性改进剂的合成方法及其在鲁宁线上的工业性应用情况。BEM 3是一种复合型的原油流动性改进剂 ,它具有长烷基链和极性基团 ,对原油具有较好的感受性和较好的降凝效果和降粘效果。现场试验表明 ,BEM 3对鲁宁线原油具有较好的降凝效果和降粘效果 ,鲁宁线应用 BEM 3原油流动性改进剂后 ,降低了管线安全运行温度 ,取得了可观的经济效益。     

BEM系列原油流动性改进剂的研制

在实验室对BEM系列复合型原油流动性改进剂的研究结果表明：乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)中的醋酸乙烯酯(VA)的含量和熔融指数对含蜡原油降凝效果有直接影响，将不同VA含量和熔融指数的EVA进行复配，对含蜡原油有较好的降凝效果；添加有较大的空间结构和较长直链的表面活性剂对原油流动性改进剂抗重复加热和抗剪切能力的改善效果最好；BEM剂对含蜡原油的最佳加入量一般不低于40μg／g；添加BEM-3剂的含蜡原油静态稳定72h，动态稳定168h后降凝效果变化不大。     

BEM-5P原油流动改进剂的应用研究

应用BEM－5P原油流动改进剂，在河沾输油线上进行了现场试验，结果表明，这种原油流动改进剂对河沾线原油具有较好的降凝，降粘效果，可降低运行温度，增加运行的安全性，而且经济效益明显。     

原油流动性改进剂研究进展

随着重质油和稠油开发力度的加大,在开采、集输等环节产生了易结蜡、高凝点、高黏度、流动性差、管输阻力大等问题,需使用原油流动性改进剂解决问题。原油流动性改进剂包括防蜡剂、降凝剂、降黏剂、减阻剂。为了促进该领域的技术发展,综述了目前不同类型的原油流动性改进剂在防蜡、降凝、降黏、减阻等环节的作用机理,介绍了目前原油流动性改进剂的类型以及应用情况,展望了原油流动性改进剂的研究和应用前景。     

原油流动改进剂降低转相点的实验研究

为减小原油在集输过程中的流动阻力,在实验室进行了向含水原油中加入DODE系列流动改进剂后的原油流动性实验.结果表明,含水原油中添加DODE系列流动改进剂可以使含水原油的转相点由原来的50％ ～70％提前到了30％ ～50％,形成具有适度稳定性的水包油型原油乳状液,有效降低了原油乳状液的表观粘度.     

原油降凝剂在齐-青输油管道上的应用

青岛石油化工厂 3Mt/a输油能力的原油管道 ,由于受输量、地温和首、末站储罐等条件的限制 ,不能采取长输管道热输的方式输送白虎、陆比等高凝点原油 ;BEM Q原油降凝剂在管道上应用后 ,原油凝点降低了 16～19℃ ,15℃时原油粘度仅 9.7～ 12mPa·s ;大大改善了原油的流动性 ,实现了高凝原油的降凝输送。     

添加流动性改进剂改善原油低温流动性能的研究

以烯烃，脂肪酸烯基酯和烯基酰胺或烯基磺酸盐为主要原料，合成了能降低含蜡原油凝点的流动性改进剂Ｈ８９－２。综合评定了流动性改进剂Ｈ８９－２对改善青海原油流动性能的效果。确定了流动性改进剂Ｈ８９－２的最佳添加量。     

原油流动性能改进剂在油气集输中节能效果分析

文中阐述了原油流动性能改进剂在不加热集油流程中的应用，详细地分析了原油流动性能改进剂的应用在油气集输中的节能效果和其在油田、三高”阶段的推广应用价值及其现实意义。对进一步做好油气集输节能降耗工作是非常必要的。     

最新专利文摘

原油流动性改进剂及其制备方法该发明涉及高含水油井和集输管道所用的原油流动性改进剂及其制备方法。解决了降粘防蜡及成本高的问题。其特征在于 :各成分及配比按质量计聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯丙二醇醚 5～ 10份、聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯多乙烯多胺乙醚 5～ 10份、十二烷基苯磺酸钠 1～ 5份、聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯树脂醚 1～ 5份、聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚 1～ 3份、甲醇 1～ 3份及水 30～ 5 0份加以混合后加热 5 0～ 10 0℃ ,恒温搅拌 2ｈ ,在温度降到 30～ 4 0℃出料即得该改进剂。该改进剂加入油井和管道 ,不需加入防蜡剂和少加破乳剂就能实现油水分离…     

流动改进剂降低含水原油转相点的实验研究

为了了解流动改进剂对大庆含水原油在集输管路中流动的影响,在具有长20 m水平工作段的管道流动实验装置上,在40℃测量了流动改进剂DODE加量分别为0、150、200和250mg/L、含水率分别为30%～90%的高含水原油不同流量下的流动参数,计算出剪切速率和表观黏度.在直径76和50 mm管道内,剪切速率691/s的表现黏度～含水率关系曲线均按先上升,达到最大值后又下降的规律变化,表观黏度最大值对应的含水率即转相点含水率,转相点含水率随剪切速率降低而减小,在同一剪切速率下随流动改进剂加量增大而减小,最后基本趋于稳定不变.不加剂含水原油的转相点含水率为50%～70%,加剂250 mg/L时的稳定值在35%～45%,即流动性改进剂可使W/O原油乳状液提前转相.将实验数据用S函数进行拟合,得到了可预测加入一定量流动改进剂的含水原油转相点含水率的方程.认为流动改进剂的作用是形成O/W乳状液或拟乳状液及在管壁形成亲水膜.图5参8.     

Aminated Copolymers as Flow Improvers for Super-viscous Crude Oils

The new flow improvers for super-viscous crude oils were developed via esterification of polybasic high carbon alcohol with methacrylate and copolymerizafion of monomers followed by amination of copolymers. The structure of the synthesized polymer flow improver additive was confirmed by IR spectroscopy and the crystal structure of the flow improver additives were determined by X-ray diffrac- tion analysis. The structure of wax crystals was also studied at the same time. The results showed that the wax crystal structure was closely related with the crystal structure of the flow improver, which could change the pour point depression and viscosity reduction behavior of the crude oil. When the wax crystal structure matched well with that of the additive, the wax crystals were dispersed satisfactorily, resulting in favorable effects in terms of pour point depression and viscosity reduction. The new synthe- sized aminated polymer flow improver additive was most efficient for treating super-viscous crude oils. The super-viscous crude oil had a high content of resins and asphaltenes, which might aggregate onto the surface of wax crystals to form blocks to limit the crude oil fluidity. However, amination of copolymers having similar structure with the resins and asphaltenes contained in crude oil could dissolve the huge polar groups to make the deposit formation difficult.     

Experimental study and a proposed new approach for thermodynamic modeling of wax precipitation in crude oil using a PC-SAFT model

A powerful method is necessary for thermodynamic modeling of wax phase behavior in crude oils,such as the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory(PC-SAFT).In this work,a new approach based on the wax appearance temperature of crude oil was proposed to estimate PC-SAFT parameters in thermodynamic modeling of wax precipitation from crude oil.The proposed approach was verified using experimental data obtained in this work and also with those reported in the literature.In order to compare the performance of the PC-SAFT model with previous models,the wax precipitation experimental data were correlated using previous models such as the solid solution model and multi-solid phase model.The results showed that the PC-SAFT model can correlate more accurately the wax precipitation experimental data of crude oil than the previous models,with an absolute average deviation less than 0.4 %.Also,a series of dynamic experiments were carried out to determine the rheological behavior of waxy crude oil in the absence and presence of a flow improver such as ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer.It was found that the apparent viscosity of waxy crude oil decreased with increasing shear rate.Also,the results showed that the performance of flow improver was dependent on its molecular weight.     

BEM系列原油流动性改进剂及其应用

扼要讨论了原油流动性改进剂（降凝剂）的作用机理，性能要求及生产技术关键。分别介绍了华冠石油化工公司生产的降凝剂BEM-3在输送胜利原油的长655.37km的鲁宁（临邑-仪征）线和长252km的东（营）黄（岛）老线，BEM-5P在输送中原原油的长282.55km的中洛（濮阳-洛阳）线和长241.9km的濮（阳）临（邑）线以及在大港油田长47.8km的一段集输干线，BEM-6N在输送南阳原油的长422.1km的魏（岗）荆（门）线和输送高凝高粘胜利原油的长约51.6km的河（口）沾（化）线，BEM-7H在顺序输送国内外多种原油的长201km的洪（湖）荆（门）线的应用工艺，降凝降粘效果及降低输量下的高效，经济，安全运转。在魏荆线上用BEM-6N所作的现场测试表明，在析蜡高峰期的过泵剪切和重复加热使加剂原油低温流动性显著恶化，在析蜡点以上的剪切和重复加热则影响不大。     

A new experimental investigation on upgrading of waxy crude oils by methacrylate polymers

Several methods have been used to reduce problems caused by wax precipitation during the production and/or transportation of waxy crude oil. Polymers are used to improve pour point and rheological behavior of waxy crude oils. In this work, the influence of the polymer inhibitors such as methacrylate polymers, as wax inhibitor, with different range of molecular weight and alkyl side chain carbons on the rheological behavior and pour point of two Iranian waxy crude oils were evaluated. Two Iranian waxy crude oils were selected on the basis of wax and asphaltene contents. The rheological behavior of these crude oils in absence and in presence of methacrylate polymer was studied. The rheological data cover the temperature range of–1 to 12°C. The results indicated that the performance of methacrylate polymer was dependent on the molecular weight, alkyl side chain carbons and the asphaltene content of crude oil. Methacrylate polymers with longer alkyl side chains than 18 carbons would perform best as wax inhibitors in two cases. Also, for crude oil with low asphaltene, higher molecular weight methacrylate polymer is the best flow improver and lower molecular weight methacrylate polymer showed good efficiency for crude oil with high asphaltene content.     

H89-2原油流动性改进剂的研究

应用流动性改进剂(化学添加剂)可改善原油的低温流动性能.本文以烯烃、脂肪酸烯基酯和烯基酰胺或烯基磺酸盐为主要原料,在含有自由基引发剂的溶液中,在温度55～85℃,压力5～9MPa,聚合3～8h合成了能降低原油凝点的流动性改进剂H89-2(三元共聚物).综合评定了H89-2改善青海原油低温流动性能的效果,在原油中加入15×10^-5H89-2,可使凝点从31.5℃降至12℃;表观粘度(20℃)从5158.9mPa·s降至79.2mPa·s;屈服值从73.6Pa降至0Pa.探讨了H89-2的降凝作用机理.因为H89-2既含有适度的烷烃碳链,又含有两种极性不同的极性基因,所以对原油的适应性较强.     

胶凝原油管道恒流量启动过程中的启动波速

胶凝原油管道在恒流量启动的过程中同时存在着启动波速和水击波速,其中启动波速是主导管道再启动时压力推进过程的关键因素,对管道启动压力的计算有直接影响。在阐述启动波速与水击波速之间区别的基础上,推导出了胶凝原油管道恒流量启动波速的数值计算公式,并通过管流实验验证了其可靠性。在胶凝原油管道恒流量启动过程中,启动波速明显小于水击波速,且随着传播距离或传播时间的增长而呈衰减规律,但由于衰减速率会逐渐降低,因而启动波速有趋于稳定的趋势。此外,启动波速还随胶凝结构强度的增加而减小,随启动流量和凝油体积弹性系数的增加而增加。     

西部原油管道冷热交替输送技术研究

在对管道冷热油交替输送技术一般性规律研究的基础上,提出了鄯兰管道冷热油交替顺序输送方案并付诸实施,2008年底在长达749 km的鄯善—玉门管段上成功进行了4种原油共40批次的冷热交替顺序输送现场工业性试验,同时在2009年底在鄯善—兰州管段近1 700 km的长距离管道上实现3种物性波动较大原油的冷热交替顺序输送。文章介绍了冷热交替顺序输送的物理数学模型,应用编制的计算软件进行计算,并将各站的最低油温计算值与实验值进行对比,验证了水力热力计算软件的准确、可靠性。冷热交替输送运行的实践和经验可为其他原油长输管道提供借鉴。     

惠州港原油码头工程的建设及运行

广州石油化工总厂为满足原油供给的需要,减少进口油的中转费用,兴建了惠州港原油码头及其配套系统,１９９７年３月投入生产。原油码头可满足３０～２５０ｋｔ级油轮的靠油作业;整个罐区的实际储油能力为２８８ ｄａｍ~３,超过了设计能力;长输管道实际输油能力比原设计输油能力高１８％。码头和输送管道及各项设施运转良好,达到了设计要求。它的建成和投产解决了该厂加工的国内外原油进厂的“瓶颈”问题,为把建成１０Ｍｔ／ａ级炼油厂打下了良好的基础。     

降凝剂在原油输送中的应用

针对降凝剂的工作机理,分析了影响降凝剂作用效果的几个重要因素。同时,着重介绍了BEM-3型降凝剂在东黄老线的应用情况,得出管线在低输量下加剂运行,可以降低管线运营成本,增大管线运行的安全系数,提高管线的经济效益。