初探各实验条件对基于核磁共振的代谢组学研究结果的影响

鉴于代谢组学样品的制备分析过程中,样品个体差异、环境因素和人为因素会对实验结果造成一定的影响,本研究对不同样本个体,不同实验操作人员的实验结果进行比较。通过这样的双向比较,排查出主要影响因素,为今后的实验奠定基础。实验选取多元统计中聚类分析的方法对12个样本进行衡量。实验结果表明,大鼠间差异即样本个体差异会对代谢组学研究结果产生一定的影响;而实验者不同即实验环境、人为因素对结果的影响不显著。也就是说,样本先天的个体差异相对与不同实验者所造成的环境差异在代谢组学中表现更为明显。     

失血性休克条件下大鼠血浆代谢组学分析

目的 应用氢核磁共振谱(1H-nuclear magnetic resonance,1H-NMR)仪对急性失血性休克条件下大鼠血浆代谢物的变化进行检测.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠10只,随机分为失血性休克组(hemorrhagicshock, HS)和对照组.测定血浆1H-NMR代谢谱,并比较两组的差异.结果 主成分分析(principal components analysis, PCA)发现两组血浆代谢物可相互区分,差异主要在于乳酸和脂类,脂类主要包括极低密度脂蛋白(very low density lipoprotein, VLDL)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein, LDL)及不饱和脂肪酸.结论 1H-NMR分析对全面了解急性失血性休克条件下,大鼠血浆代谢组的变化具有重要的应用价值.     

脂类代谢组学的发展和应用

脂类代谢组学(lipidomics)是一个刚刚兴起和快速发展的研究领域,是代谢组学研究领域一个分支.随着代谢组学研究技术的快速发展和应用,人们对脂类代谢组学的研究日益广泛和深入.生物膜脂质的研究主要包括磷脂代谢组学(phospholipidomics)和鞘脂类代谢组学(sphingolipidomics);二脂酰甘油(DAG)作为细胞内第二信使发挥信号传导功能,其动态变化与疾病的发生及发展密切相关;脂类介质(如resolvins及protectins)在炎症的发展及消退过程中发挥重要作用,同时阿司匹林的抗炎机制也与resolvins及protectins密切相关.     

冠心病心绞痛三种血瘀证的血浆代谢组学研究

目的研究冠心病心绞痛血瘀证（气滞血瘀证、心血瘀阻证、气虚血瘀证）患者的血浆代谢组学变化。方法对18例健康人、18例冠心病心绞痛血瘀证患者（6例气滞血瘀证、6例心血瘀阻证、6例气虚血瘀证）的血浆样本进行氢核磁共振（1HNMR）检测。通过偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）方法研究各组之间的血浆代谢产物谱差异。结果各组血浆HNMR谱的PLS-DA结果显示,与健康人相比,心绞痛血瘀证患者血浆柠檬酸、1琥珀酸、葡萄糖、乙酰糖蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、极低密度脂蛋白、3-羟基丁酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸、亮氨酸含量较高,高密度脂蛋白、不饱和脂肪酸、苏氨酸、组氨酸含量较低。气虚血瘀证组与其他两个血瘀证组差别较大,而气滞血瘀证与心血瘀阻证差别不明显。与其他血瘀证相比,气虚血瘀证组血浆柠檬酸、3-羟基丁酸、丙酮、氧化三甲胺含量较高,葡萄糖、N-乙酰糖蛋白、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、亮氨酸含量较低。结论血浆HNMR代谢谱1差异能明显区分健康人与心绞痛血瘀证患者;不能区分心绞痛气滞血瘀证与心血瘀阻证;能在一定程度上区分气虚血瘀证与其他血瘀证。代谢组学方法对于研究冠心病心绞痛中医证候具有重要价值。     

代谢组学技术对牙周炎生物标志物、病理机制及与全身关系的评价

背景：近年来,代谢组学技术高速发展,研究范围十分广泛,能检测机体整体内的小分子代谢物的总体动态变化,其研究口腔疾病时可检测到机体产生的特异性代谢产物,这使得探索口腔疾病的发病机制、致病过程、早期诊断及预后监测有了新的思路。目的：对近年来代谢组学技术在牙周炎中的应用进展做一综述,同时对存在的问题及改进方法进行了展望,旨在为牙周炎诊疗提供参考依据。方法：由第一作者检索CNKI中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、FMRS、Web of Science及PubMed数据库2010年8月至2022年8月中收录的相关文献,中文检索词为“牙周炎,代谢组学,唾液,龈沟液”,英文检索词为“metabolomics,metabonomics,periodontitis,saliva,gingival sulcus fluid”。首先简要阅读文章摘要及主要内容,对文献进行初步筛选,将与文章主题不相关的文献排除,最终纳入的文献数为52篇。结果与结论：目前牙周炎的代谢组学研究样本来源主要为唾液、龈沟液、血清、细菌、尿液、细胞和组织,不同的样本来源均有一定的优劣。代谢组学技术与牙周炎的相关研究结果主要集中在蛋白质、脂...     

细胞代谢组学研究方法和应用

细胞代谢直接或间接参与细胞活动的各个方面,代谢组学技术能够检测和鉴定内源性生化反应产物,精确揭示细胞内代谢途径和过程的信息。细胞代谢组学作为代谢组学研究的一个新兴的方向,在疾病诊断、毒理学研究、药理机制和细胞培养微环境等多个领域都有所应用。     

肾细胞癌与异常调节氨基酸代谢研究进展

肾细胞癌是一种代谢性疾病,在世界范围内的发病率正在增加。肾细胞癌的遗传学特征是出现了参与代谢过程的靶基因的突变。肿瘤重组其代谢,以产生足够的能量和生物合成的基础物质,从而使恶性细胞增殖。代谢重组涵盖了包括有氧糖酵解、脂肪酸代谢和氨基酸代谢等不同的生物过程。而近年来,代谢组学的应用更全面地揭示了肿瘤代谢过程,并筛选出指示...     

应用蛋白组学与代谢组学技术筛选狼疮生物标志物的研究进展

系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）是一种以自身抗体产生和免疫复合物形成为特点的自身免疫性疾病。其临床表现多种多样,包括肾小球肾炎、皮肤炎、血栓形成,血管炎,癫痫和关节炎等。复杂的发病机理和多样的临床症状给SLE的诊断和监测带来了巨大的挑战。寻找新的生物标志物仍然是SLE研究的主要目标和挑战之一。但值得注意的是,蛋白质组学和代谢组学为生物标志物的发现为此提供了新的思路和平台。越来越多的证据表明,蛋白质和代谢图谱具有高灵敏度和特异性,能更安全有效的诊断SLE和判断病情。通过对该领域的研究可以更好地理解SLE的发病机理,并对其诊断、治疗和预防提供新的思路。     

代谢重编程在心房颤动发生中作用的研究进展

代谢重编程是细胞为满足能量需求，通过改变代谢模式促进细胞增殖，它的发生可以改变糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸的代谢模式，心房颤动是常见的心律失常之一，通过调控代谢重编程相关的途径可以有效的改善房颤的症状，降低房颤的易感性，以及提高患者的生存质量。     

代谢组学在食物过敏研究中的应用进展

食物过敏是影响儿童生长发育的常见非感染性疾病，其发病机制尚不完全明确。代谢组学通过对血液、尿液、粪便、唾液等生物样本的小分子代谢物的分析检测，可发现食物过敏患者脂肪酸、氨基酸、胆汁酸和嘌呤等代谢通路的改变，搭建联系疾病与机体瞬时代谢状态的桥梁，可能发现潜在的诊断和干预治疗靶点，为食物过敏的诊疗提供新的思路。     

The sequelae of cranial irradiation on human cognition

Cranial irradiation (CI) confers remediation of many CNS anomalies. CI, however, carries risks to cognitive performance. A wealth of data describes such deficits specifically in humans. Risk factors that promote increased susceptibility to cognitive decline have also been identified. This paper discusses and grades these risk factors, including age, gender, and the inclusion of chemotherapy, that increase the likelihood of pathologic cognitive development in the human population.     

基于尺桡骨三维有限元模型分析桡骨远端骨折的生物力学特征

文题释义： 三维有限元模型：有限元模型主要是利用有限元分析方法建立的模型,而三维有限元模型主要是根据空间有限离散原则,将三维空间结构体分割不同区域,各区域为一单元且以节点相连接,因此节点间的变形运动是连续的,会引起周围节点及单元的相关变化。三维有限元模型精确逼真,且符合桡骨远端骨折的生物力学特性,模拟测试结果可为临床研究提供理论依据。 桡骨远端骨折：特指距桡骨远端关节面3 cm以内的骨折,常见于患者跌倒时损伤,是中老年人好发骨折之一,约占全部骨折患者的1/6。 背景：近年来关于桡骨远端骨折机制偏向定性的研究多数仅限于二维分析,易受多种因素影响,导致结果不甚满意,而利用CT数据建立三维有限元模型可更好评估人体骨骼变异情况。 目的：通过建立尺桡骨三维有限元模型,检测桡骨远端骨折生物力学,并进行桡骨远端骨折发生机制研究。 方法：获取1名50岁健康女性左侧上肢肱骨远端到腕关节中段CT扫描影像学资料,志愿者对试验方案知情同意,且经CT扫描显示正常,排除患有骨科相关疾病。利用三维有限元分析软件Ansys 16.0建立尺桡骨三维有限元模型,模拟手腕背伸、掌屈、尺偏、桡偏时力的加载,观察记录不同载荷下模型各部分应力;分析不同模型角度时桡骨远端骨折形成及裂纹走向。 结果与结论：①腕关节处于背伸位时,前臂旋前和前臂旋后桡骨背侧缘中点受压应力,随背伸角度增大而增大;前臂旋前和前臂旋后桡骨掌侧受张应力,随背伸角度增大而增大;②腕关节处于掌屈位时,前臂旋前和前臂旋后桡骨背侧缘中点受张应力,随掌屈角度增大而增大;前臂旋前和前臂旋后桡骨掌侧受压应力,随掌屈角度增大而增大;③前臂旋前背伸位及前臂旋后掌屈位时,桡骨裂纹首先出现于松质骨与密质骨交界处桡骨远端表面受最大张力一侧,骨折裂纹沿掌远端向近背端,与骨轴线45°角方向发展;④前臂旋前掌屈位及前臂旋后背伸位时,桡骨裂纹首先出现于松质骨与密质骨交界处桡骨远端表面受最大张力一侧,骨折裂纹沿远背端向近掌侧,与骨轴线45°角方向发展;⑤结果表明,手腕背伸、掌屈、尺偏、桡偏进行力的加载,骨折首先出现于松质骨与密质骨交界处桡骨远端表面受最大张力一侧,裂纹走向与所受应切力和张应力方向有关。 ORCID: 0000-0002-4577-2165(夏长江) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

Thrombosis and cardiovascular risk in the elderly.

Current concepts of cardiovascular disease pathophysiology include a prominent role for thrombosis as a key factor. Thrombosis is not only the usual precipitant to a clinical event, but it may also be involved in atherosclerotic plaque development throughout most of the adult years. However, our understanding of thrombotic risk factors, especially in the elderly, is poor and research has just begun in this area. Fibrinogen has been clearly established as an independent risk factor in the middle aged, but there are conflicting data concerning older persons. Factor VII and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 look promising as risk factors in the middle aged, but there are no data currently available concerning the status of these factors in the elderly. Many associations exist between the thrombotic risk factors and other cardiovascular risk factors such as plasma lipids and glucose intolerance, making the establishment of independence difficult, and little is known about how these different factors may interact in older individuals. Ongoing studies should provide many answers in the near future.     

Incorporating collaboratory concepts into informatics in support of translational interdisciplinary biomedical research

Due to its complex nature, modern biomedical research has become increasingly interdisciplinary and collaborative in nature. Although a necessity, interdisciplinary biomedical collaboration is difficult. There is, however, a growing body of literature on the study and fostering of collaboration in fields such as computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) and information science (IS). These studies of collaboration provide insight into how to potentially alleviate the difficulties of interdisciplinary collaborative research. We, therefore, undertook a cross cutting study of science and engineering collaboratories to identify emergent themes. We review many relevant collaboratory concepts: (a) general collaboratory concepts across many domains: communication, common workspace and coordination, and data sharing and management, (b) specific collaboratory concepts of particular biomedical relevance: data integration and analysis, security structure, metadata and data provenance, and interoperability and data standards, (c) environmental factors that support collaboratories: administrative and management structure, technical support, and available funding as critical environmental factors, and (d) future considerations for biomedical collaboration: appropriate training and long-term planning. In our opinion, the collaboratory concepts we discuss can guide planning and design of future collaborative infrastructure by biomedical informatics researchers to alleviate some of the difficulties of interdisciplinary biomedical collaboration.     

Needle-tissue interaction forces--a survey of experimental data

The development of needles, needle-insertion simulators, and needle-wielding robots for use in a clinical environment depends on a thorough understanding of the mechanics of needle-tissue interaction. It stands to reason that the forces arising from this interaction are influenced by numerous factors, such as needle type, insertion speed, and tissue characteristics. However, exactly how these factors influence the force is not clear. For this reason, the influence of various factors on needle insertion-force was investigated by searching literature for experimental data. This resulted in a comprehensive overview of experimental insertion-force data available in the literature, grouped by factor for quick reference. In total, 99 papers presenting such force data were found, with typical peak forces in the order of 1-10N. The data suggest, for example, that higher velocity tends to decrease puncture force and increase friction. Furthermore, increased needle diameter was found to increase peak forces, and conical needles were found to create higher peak forces than beveled needles. However, many questions remain open for investigation, especially those concerning the influence of tissue characteristics.     

The epidemiologic study of dementia: a life-long quest?

Based on many experimental and observational studies we now understand that neurodegenerative brain changes begin by middle age. Characteristics of the risk factors for these brain changes may also change with age. A review is conducted of studies that report on the association of mid-life risk factors to late cognitive impairment and dementia. Issues related to the interpretation of the data are discussed. The studies suggest that mid-life cardiovascular risk factors, and in particular elevated levels of blood pressure, increase the risk for late-life cognitive impairment and dementia. Our understanding the contribution of cardiovascular risk factors to late age brain disease has been helped tremendously by prospective studies with long follow-up. To better understand which risk factors lead to disease initiation, progression and prognosis, a life course approach to the epidemiologic study of dementia is needed.