Colon replacement from esophagus. Clinical experience from 240 cases.

The clinical experience in the colon replacement of the esophagus in 240 cases is reported. The overall operative morbidity was 17.5%; the incidence of the anastomotic leaks was 10.4%; and the mortality was 2.80%. The points in surgical technique were:1) utilizing the left colic artery as the supporting vessel if possible, based on the anatomy of the colon vessel;2) using the colon segment in an isoperistaltic position,which has been proved much physiological;3) single-layer anastomosis which is simple and reliable, with minimal inflammarion and quick healing; and 4) choosing the channel of the colon transplant according to the disease condition, the age,and the function of the heart and the lung of the patients.     

Chondroblastoma arising from acromion

Chondroblastoma is an uncommon benign tumor arising in the epiphysis of long hones such as humerus, tibia and femur while the skeletal or extraskeletal presentations are mostly unusual. The chondroblastoma arising from acromion process of scapulus has been extremely rare and only two cases can be screened out in the English literature,Here, we reported another case of chondroblastoma that developed on the acromion of scapulus.     

Lignans from Trachelospermum jasminoides

Seven lignans having a diarylhydroxybutyrolactone skeleton were isolated from the leaves and stems of Trachelospermum jasminoides （Lindl.） Lem. Their structures were elucidated to be nortrachelogenin 8＇-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside （1）, nortrachelogenin 5 ＇- C- beta-D-glucopyranoside （2）, trachelogenin amide （3）, nortracheloside, trachelogenin, tracheloside, and trachelogenin 4＇- O- beta-gentiobioside, respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic analyses.     

A Study of PCR with DNA Extracted from Single Cell Isolated from Histological Sections

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A New Triterpene from Ixeris Sonchifolia

A novel triterpene, bauerenyl acetate (1), along with other four compounds, namely germanieyl acetate (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4), and hexacosyl alcohol (5) were isolated from Ixeris sonchifolia (Bunge) Hance (Composi-     

New alkaloid isolated from Fritillaria pallidiflora

目的 确认从伊贝母中分离得到一种新的生物碱的结构。方法 IR，MS及NMR。结果 其结构被鉴定为N-(1‘,4‘-二羟基－1‘,2‘,3‘,4‘-四氢化萘基）－丙基－N－3，3－二甲基丁胺。结论 这种生物碱为首次从植物中分离得到，它在骨架结构上与已知的贝母生物碱截然不同。     

Surgical Complications from Biliary Tract Surgery

Objective Cholecystectomy is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in general surgery. However, bile duct injury is a rare but one of the most common complications. The injuries are usually encountered when comparatively inexperienced surgeons are operating who are not familiar with the anatomy. These injuries some times present variably after the primary surgery. The timely detection and appropriate management affects the morbidity and mortality of the operation. Methods This is a study of 5 cases of iatrogenic bile duct injury managed at the Department of Surgery First Hospital, Xi＇an Jiaotong University. This study includes all the cases that underwent both the open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy and persistent injury to the biliary tract and were treated accordingly. Results Five cases were found to have various types of bile duct injuries. Four of them are female and one was male, and their average age was 52 years （youngest 22 and oldest was 64）. In two cases the injury occurred during LC and converted to OC surgery, while remaining three cases underwent open cholecystectomy. All the patients were operated and appropriate procedures were performed. Conclusion In case of IBDI it is necessary to perform the operation under the supervision of experienced surgeon who is specialized in the repair of bile duct injuries, and it is also necessary to detect     

Can we learn from eugenics?

Eugenics casts a long shadow over contemporary genetics. Any measure, whether in clinical genetics or biotechnology, which is suspected of eugenic intent is likely to be opposed on that ground. Yet there is little consensus on what this word signifies, and often only a remote connection to the very complex set of social movements which took that name. After a brief historical summary of eugenics, this essay attempts to locate any wrongs inherent in eugenic doctrines. Four candidates are examined and rejected. The moral challenge posed by eugenics for genetics in our own time, I argue, is to achieve social justice.     

阳江市某小学腺病毒感染暴发的调查

目的了解阳江市某小学儿童腺病毒感染暴发的流行特征及病因,为控制疫情提供依据。方法现况调查和病例对照研究。结果某小学儿童腺病毒感染罹患率为6．3％;患者以7～8岁的儿童为主;15例样本中有12例检测出腺病毒IgM抗体阳性;病例组与对照组进行统计学比较,两者的游泳因素暴露率有显著性差异。结论游泳可导致腺病毒感染暴发疫情发生．应加强泳池的消毒。     

一起腺病毒引起的急性呼吸道感染暴发调查分析

目的：分析一起腺病毒引起的急性呼吸道感染暴发疫情调查结果,为同类突发公共卫生事件的防治提供科学的依据。方法搜索病例,以年级、性别作为匹配因素,开展病例对照研究,分析发病危险因素。结果本次暴发疫情共报告急性呼吸道感染病例47例,无死亡,罹患率为8．88％,临床症状以发热为主,合并肺炎占27．7％。病例对照研究显示,与急性呼吸道感染症状者的近距离接触存在显著性（χ2＝7．96,P＜0．05）,且接触时间长、短的差异有统计学意义（χ2＝7．95,P＜0．05）;洗手习惯存在显著性（χ2＝25．92,P＜0．05）,用手直接擦鼻涕的习惯差异有统计学意义（χ2＝22．78,P＜0．05）。结论较长时间接触感染腺病毒的患者可能是引起发病的主要危险因素,尤其是同桌和共同玩耍。养成良好的个人卫生习惯,经常洗手和不用手直接擦鼻涕都是重要保护因素。加强卫生习惯和卫生意识的培养,是呼吸道传染病主要和重要的预防措施。     

2008年绍兴地区腺病毒引起咽结膜热暴发流行病原学分析

[目的]探讨2008年夏季发生于绍兴地区咽结膜热的病毒病原学。[方法]采用急性咽结膜炎患儿急性期咽及肛门拭子进行病毒分离,并同时用PCR法检查标本中病毒及分离病毒鉴定,对分离出部分毒株采用多个内切酶进行内切酶分析。此外,还测定患儿双份血中病毒的中和抗体增长。[结果]19份患儿咽拭子和肛门拭子病毒分离阳性率分别为63.2%;所有分离病毒株均为3型腺病毒。[结论]本次急性咽结膜炎暴发流行是由3型腺病毒引起。     

深圳市一起腺病毒4型感染聚集性疫情的分子流行病学调查

目的 分析2019年2月22—28日深圳市宝安区某小学一起急性呼吸道病毒感染聚集性疫情的流行病学及病原学特点。方法 采用流行病学个案调查表对疫情进行现场调查,使用荧光定量PCR方法对采集的咽拭子标本进行流感样病例病原学筛查,筛查阴性标本进行6种常见呼吸道病毒核酸检测。对腺病毒核酸阳性的标本,用腺病毒六邻体基因作为靶基因进行序列扩增及测定,测序结果在GenBank 上进行序列比较,确定其病毒亚型并进行系统进化分析。结果 疫情发生在二年级（1）班,全班共54名学生,男29名,女25名。经调查该学校其他班级其余年级未出现相同症状病例。该起疫情共发现病例13例,其中男生7例,女生6例,男女学生罹患率分别为24.1%( 7 /29) 和24.0% ( 6 /25) 。临床特征为发热13例(100.0%),咽痛8例( 61.5%),全身肌肉酸痛8例( 61.5%),咳嗽5例(38.5%),症状均较轻,无重症病例。共采集5份咽拭子标本,经荧光定量PCR检测均为腺病毒核酸阳性,5份标本用分型引物检测并分析序列确定均为腺病毒E亚属4型。结论 此次急性呼吸道感染聚集性疫情由腺病毒4型引起,毒株序列与深圳其他区、国内其他城市分离的腺病毒4型毒株序列具有高度同源性。     

呼吸道病原体9联检与咽拭子培养在儿科呼吸道感染中的临床应用

目的 探讨临床中呼吸道病原体9联检与咽拭子培养在儿科呼吸道疾病中的临床应用。方法 选择本科2014年1月至2015年9月住院诊断为急性呼吸道感染患儿319例,对其进行呼吸道病原体9联检与咽拭子培养两种检测的方法进行检测,分析病原体检测情况。结果 共检测出6种病原体,肺炎支原体112例(35.1%),乙型流感病毒62例(19.4%),副流感病毒7例(2.2%),军团菌2例(0.6%),腺病毒1例(0.3%),立克次体1例(0.3%)。142例咽拭子培养取样成功。只有2例检测出鲍曼不动杆菌,其他均为口咽部正常菌群。结论 肺炎支原体、乙型流感病毒在本地区小儿呼吸道感染中高发。9种呼吸道病原IgM抗体在小儿呼吸道感染检测中检出阳性率高,检测的病原体种类多,发现病原体时间早,操作简单,对临床的及时诊断、治疗及用药有十分重要的意义。     

儿童肺炎衣原体呼吸道感染的研究

目的 了解儿童呼吸道感染患者急性肺炎衣原体感染的情况及临床表现。方法：１４９例急性呼吸道感染患者,５６例健康儿童,取静脉血,用微蜈荧光试验检测肺炎衣原体ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ抗体,其中８８例呼吸道感染患者,５６例健康儿童,取咽拭子标本,应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）检测肺炎衣原体ＤＮＡ。结果：本组患者肺炎衣原体ＩｇＧ抗体的阳性率为２６％,对照组为５％（Ｐ〈０．００１）,其中２４例（１６％）有肺炎衣原体急性感染     

嵩明县1起学校甲型H1N1流感疫情调查分析

目的通过对嵩明县首起学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情的调查,探讨病例特点及防控措施的效果,为学校甲型H1N1流感的暴发防控提供参考依据。方法采用主动病例搜索、问卷调查等方法,对嵩明县首起学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情进行调查。采用描述流行病学方法对病例进行分析;采集病例的咽拭子样品用RT-PCR方法进行甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸检测。结果该起疫情共有65例急性呼吸道感染病例,送检的2例病例的咽拭子样品中有1例为甲型H1N1流感病毒核糖核酸阳性。首例病例出现于10月16日、发病高峰为10月28日。病例分布存在班级集聚性,男女性比例为1.95∶1。急性呼吸道感染病例以发热、咽痛、咳嗽为主,无肺炎并发症。对密切接触者实行医学观察7 d,未出现二代病例。结论该起疫情为嵩明首起学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情。     

实时荧光PCR法快速检测急性上呼吸道感染病原体

【目的】利用实时荧光定量PCR技术,建立一套快速可靠的急性上呼吸道感染病毒/细菌检测方法,对杭州市某学校暴发的一起群体性急性上呼吸道感染进行病原学分析。【方法】用甲、乙型流感病毒核酸联合测定试剂盒、呼吸道合胞病毒核酸测定试剂盒、腺病毒核酸测定试剂盒、B型流感嗜血杆菌核酸测定试剂盒对20例上呼吸道感染疑似患者样品进行实时荧光定量PCR检测。【结果】20例样本中有7例为腺病毒病毒阳性,无其它病毒或细菌阳性。【结论】实时荧光定量PCR法能快速准确地检测急性上呼吸道感染的病原体;本次暴发的急性上呼吸道感染是由腺病毒病毒引起的。     

一起腺病毒引起的呼吸道感染暴发疫情的调查与分析

目的探讨一起腺病毒7型急性呼吸道感染暴发的流行特征及病因。方法采用统一的流行病学个案调查表对病例进行调查,描述流行特征,依据初步结论,制定并实施一系列疾控措施;对流行区患者的咽拭子标本进行荧光定量PCR检测。结果某部发生传染性急性呼吸道感染症病例51例,疫情波及整个营区,2月17~21日形成发病高峰。临床特征主要为发热（100.00%）,咳嗽41例（80.39%）,咽痛33例（64.71%）,结膜充血6例（11.76%）,X线检查可发现肺部炎症17例（33.33%）。采取综合性防控措施,疫情迅速控制,24日后无新发病例。结论本起急性呼吸道感染症暴发疫情由腺病毒7型引起,传播途径以呼吸道传播和密切接触为主。     

深圳市儿童呼吸道腺病毒4型暴发流行的病原学研究

目的探讨深圳市某幼儿园一起急性呼吸道感染暴发的流行特征及病因。方法使用荧光定量PCR方法对采集的17份患儿咽拭子进行流感样病例筛查,筛查后的阴性样本进一步进行呼吸道腺病毒核酸检测,对检测出的5份腺病毒阳性标本进行病毒分离,感染Hep-2受体细胞后共获得4份腺病毒稳定细胞毒株,用腺病毒六邻体基因作为靶基因进行序列扩增及测定,测序结果在GenBank上进行序列比较,确定其病毒亚型并进行系统进化分析。结果 17份咽拭子中5份为腺病毒PCR阳性,阳性率为29.4%,用分型引物检测并分析序列确定均为腺病毒4型。结论本次急性呼吸道病毒疫情暴发由腺病毒4型引起。