Quarantine stressing voluntary compliance

A 1-day table-top exercise in San Diego, California, in December 2004 emphasized voluntary compliance with home quarantine to control an emerging infectious disease outbreak. The exercise heightened local civilian-military collaboration in public health emergency management. Addressing concerns about lost income by residents in quarantine was particularly challenging.     

入境集装箱检验检疫区域监管模式研究

[目的]建立入境集装箱检验检疫监管新模式，进一步规范和完善入境集装箱检验检疫监管机制，提高口岸预防控制疫病疫情和有毒有害物质的能力。同时，提高入境集装箱的监管工作效能，服务于口岸“大通关”。[方法]汕头检验检疫机构和指运地（潮州、揭阳和饶平）检验检疫机构之间建立起“口岸局把关＋指运地局监管”的入境集装箱区域监管机制，启用《指运地入境集装箱检验检疫联系单》和《口岸局／指运地局入境集装箱检验检疫监管单》，对经汕头海港口岸入境的转关、调离和多点报关的集装箱货物，到指运地实施检验检疫区域监管。（结果]该模式经过1年多的研制和运行，对96批入境指运地集装箱实施了区域监管，通关效率和阳性检出率明显提高，其中从来自澳大利亚、法国、泰国和马来西亚的入境集装箱中查获疫情7批次。[结论]在口岸检验检疫局和指运地检验检疫局之间建立的入境集装箱检验检疫区域监管模式，有效地预防和控制了集装箱携带的疫病疫情和有毒有害物质的输入，保障了口岸人体健康、动植物生命安全，进一步降低了进出口企业费用，节约了成本，有效服务于口岸“大通关”建设。     

肺炎

文章对基层卫生人员必须掌握的肺炎的诊治等内容进行介绍.     

Quarantine for SARS, Taiwan

During the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Taiwan, >150,000 persons were quarantined, 24 of whom were later found to have laboratory-confirmed SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. Since no evidence exists that SARS-CoV is infective before the onset of symptoms and the quarantined persons were exposed but not symptomatic, we thought the quarantine's effectiveness should be investigated. Using the Taiwan quarantine data, we found that the onset-to-diagnosis time of previously quarantined confirmed case-patients was significantly shortened compared to that for those who had not been quarantined. Thus, quarantine for SARS in Taiwan screened potentially infective persons for swift diagnosis and hospitalization after onset, thereby indirectly reducing infections. Full-scale quarantine measures implemented on April 28 led to a significant improvement in onset-to-diagnosis time of all SARS patients, regardless of previous quarantine status. We discuss the temporal effects of quarantine measures and other interventions on detection and isolation as well as the potential usefulness of quarantine in faster identification of persons with SARS and in improving isolation measures.     

国境卫生检疫与医学媒介生物控制

作者探讨了国境卫生检疫与医学媒介生物防控工作之间的关系,以便为有效保障国境口岸卫生安全提供参考.作者结合目前医学媒介生物防控实际情况,收集相关资料,分析媒介防控工作现状和深入开展所需的必要条件,提出国境口岸医学媒介防控工作的中长期规划.结果表明:国境口岸医学媒介防控已初见成效,有关资源网络、联动体系都在不断加强,媒介生物监测及病原体检测作为口岸传染病防控体系的核心要素在各口岸发挥了重要的预警作用,部分重点口岸的医学媒介防控工作已达到国际先进水平.但与该项工作密切相关的法律体系尚不健全,亟待完善和加强,以适应当前卫生形势的发展,有效保护人民健康和国家经济正常运转.作者认为:检验检疫部门作为国境口岸卫生安全保障的主体,应继续深入开展口岸医学媒介防控,完善相关体系建设,切实履行<国际卫生条例>和<国境卫生检疫法>所赋予的职责和义务,防止医学媒介传染病在口岸发生和流行.同时也应积极推动相关领域的法制建设,为医学媒介防控工作健康、持续发展创造必要的条件.     

现代卫生检疫管理的几点浅见

自1873年开展国境卫生检疫以来,中国卫生检疫已走过了135年历程,民国时期外国人管理中国卫生检疫工作,新中国成立后,经过几十年改革开放,今天对外贸易快速发展,国际交流纷繁复杂,国境口岸的卫生检疫工作已发生了翻天覆地的变化,如何加强卫生检疫管理,适应新形势的需要,是卫生检疫人员迫切需要探讨的课题。     

国际旅行与国境卫生检疫

[目的]探讨处于国际旅行“爆炸期”的中国国境卫生检疫的对策。[方法]对目前国际旅游的发展趋势和特点进行研究；分析国际疫情的流行趋势，探讨国境卫生检疫的应对措施。[结果]中国可能在5～10年内出现旅游“爆炸期”，国际旅行呈现出广、快、频、变的特点。而近年来国际疫情流行态势日趋势严重，对旅行者健康的威胁越来越大，给国境卫生检疫工作提出了严峻的挑战。因此，从7个方面提出了卫生检疫的应对措施。[结论]面对国际旅行迅猛发展带来的巨大冲击，国境卫生检疫应积极探索新的管理模式，与国际惯例接轨。     

隐球菌感染

1 病因 隐球菌造成的人体感染几乎均为新型隐球菌引起,其在自然界广泛存在,尤以饲鸽环境的鸽粪尘埃和腐败的水果更易污染,家畜亦为感染的传播者.肺部感染来源于吸入隐球菌孢子,肺感染后病人的新鲜痰标本涂片镜检隐球菌类似红、白细胞的形态.在1952年我院曾有1例隐球菌肺炎并脑膜炎,误诊为结核性,隔日以链霉素行蛛网膜下腔注入,并每周记录CSF常规1     

Malassezia Pneumonia

Malassezia species (formerly known as Pityrosporum) are part of normal human skin flora and have been associated with benign dermatologic conditions, such as seborrheic dermatitis and tinea versicolor. In rare cases, however, Malassezia has been associated with systemic disease in immunocompromised patients and infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Malassezia species require long‐chain fatty acids for growth and therefore have a known predilection for individuals receiving lipid containing intravenous parenteral nutrition (PN). Systemic infections are characterized by prolonged fevers and illness but can include nonspecific signs and symptoms. We present the diagnosis and management of a rare case of an immunocompetent, nonneonatal, PN‐dependent child with Malassezia furfur pneumonia.