汞代N—乙烯基咔唑—丙烯酸共聚物的合成与研究

制备线型和网状Ｎ－乙烯基咔唑－丙烯酸甲酯共聚物后，用三氟乙酸汞分别在四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷中进行汞化反应，得到相应的线型和网状汞代咔唑共聚物。这些共聚物经ＴＨＦ溶解或溶胀后，用氢氧化钠水溶液水解，得到相应的水溶性线型高分子和吸水性网状高分子，憎水性汞汞代咔唑共聚物在ＴＨＦ中由Ｉ２抽代汞；亲水性汞代咔唑共聚物在水溶液中由ＫＩ３取代汞、汞代咔唑高分子链在不同溶剂中可以产生不同的形态变化。     

溶剂对脂肪酶降解高分子量PBS及改性共聚物的影响

采用固定化脂肪酶分别在四氢呋喃(THF)、甲苯及THF和甲苯的混合溶剂体系中, 对高分子量的PBS及PBS/CHDM共聚物进行了催化降解, 用GPC测定了降解产物的分子量, 用质谱(MS)对降解产物进行了分析, 用FTIR表征了产物化学结构. 研究结果表明, 在脂肪酶的作用下, 对M_n在10⁵以上的PBS, 在THF体系中可降解到1.4×10⁴, 而在甲苯体系中可降解到4×10⁴; 但在THF和甲苯的混合体系中, 可将M_n 10⁵以上的PBS和PBS/CHDM共聚物都可降解为0.1×10⁴以下的原料单体、一至四环状低聚物及少量线型低聚物. 分析了水含量对酶解反应的影响.     

聚对苯撑乙烯类共聚物/TiO2复合材料光物理性能的研究

两种经过化学修饰的PPV(聚对苯撑乙烯)类共轭高分子共聚物分别与纳米TiO₂复合,作为有机/无机复合材料进行研究.这两种共聚物在乙醇、二氯甲烷溶液中分别与以Sol-Gel法、反胶束法制得的TiO₂共混得到均匀分散的体系而不出现相分离.用共聚物与TiO₂的复合液可以在石英基底上制成均匀的复合膜.结果表明,高聚物/TiO₂复合物的光物理特性与单纯的高聚物相比呈现明显的差异;不同粒径的纳米TiO₂对复合物性能的影响不同;中间苯环的取代基对共聚物的性质影响明显.共轭高分子与纳米TiO₂复合涂膜后其发光性能明显改善,有作为发光器件的应用前景.     

水溶性荧光高分子乙烯基咔唑－丙烯酸共聚物的合成及荧光测试

用偶氮二异丁腈作引发剂，使Ｎ－乙烯基咔唑和丙烯酸甲酯在苯中共聚合，该共聚物在四氢呋喃中用氢氧化钠水溶液水解，得到水溶性乙烯基咔唑－丙烯酸共聚物。该共聚物的水溶液在３７３ｎｍ处产生较强的荧光，其荧光强度随溶液ｐＨ值增大而增强，在该高分子水溶液中，加入少量阳离子表面活性剂，其量子产率可提高７倍，微量重金属离子（Ｈｇ（２＋））对荧光有一定的熄灭作用。荧光强度（ｌｏｇＩ０／Ｉ）与Ｈｇ（２＋）的浓度呈线性关系。     

水溶性荧光高分子乙烯基咔唑—丙烯酸共聚物的合成及荧光测试

用偶氮二异丁腈作引发剂，使Ｎ－乙烯基咔唑和丙烯酸甲酯在苯中共聚合，该共聚物在四氢呋喃中用氢氧化钠水溶液水解，得到水溶性乙烯基咔唑－丙烯酸共聚物，该共聚物的水溶液在３７３ｎｍ处产生较强的荧光，其荧光强度随液ｐＨ值增大而增强，在该高分子水溶液中，加入不少量阳离子表面活性剂，其量子产率可提高７倍。微量重金属离子（Ｈｇ＾２＾＋）对荧光有一定的熄灭作用。荧光强度（ｌｏｇＩｏ／Ｉ）与Ｈｇ＾２＾＋的浓度呈线性关     

可溶性汞化苯乙烯－丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的合成

用自由基溶液聚合方法制备一系列苯乙烯－丙烯酸甲酯线型共聚物，用核磁共振仪测定了苯基在共聚物中的百分比．在该共聚物的四氢呋喃溶液中，用三氯乙酸汞在共聚物的苯环上进行亲电取代反应，得到可溶性汞化共聚物．由于这类汞化共聚物可溶于四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷等溶剂，用重沉淀法（Ｒｅｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎ）多次提纯，得到了纯度很高、溶解性较好的含重金属二价录的共聚物．用红外光谱仪测定共聚物上的汞基因，用原子吸收仪定量测试共聚中的汞的百分取代率．结果表明在本文实验条件下，二价示可取代在苯环上，与丙烯酸甲酯基因没有作用．     

丙烯酸羟乙酯与马来酸酐的共聚及表征

以过硫酸铵引发丙烯酸羟乙酯和马来酸酐水溶液聚合,合成了不同摩尔比的共聚物。采用毛细管膨胀计测定了共聚合反应的转化率,通过酸碱滴定测定了共聚物的组成,并采用YBR法得到丙烯酸羟乙酯和马来酸酐的竞聚率分别为r₁=2.3188和r₂=0.0272,表明要得到组成均匀的共聚物,需要将丙烯酸羟乙酯缓慢滴加到马来酸酐中。此外,通过电位滴定法测定了丙烯酸羟乙酯与马来酸酐的投料摩尔比为7∶3时,聚合物的pK_a1和pK_a2值分别为4.33和7.59。     

含氟聚芳醚酮的合成与性能研究

研究了含氟基团的引入对聚醚醚酮(PEEK)的介电常数、溶解性、结晶性和力学性能等的影响.结果表明,这种含氟聚芳醚酮在保持PEEK良好机械性能的条件下,介电常数达到2.7,且频率依赖性小,成膜性能好,成本比相应的含氟PI低5～10倍,有望成为一种极有实用价值的电子封装材料.同时利用合成的含氟单体合成了一系列不同-CF₃取代基含量的聚芳醚酮共聚物,研究了聚芳醚酮共聚物的介电常数与聚合物结构单元中-CF₃取代基含量的关系.结果表明,聚芳醚酮共聚物的介电常数随聚合物结构单元中-CF₃取代基含量的增加而线性降低.     

环型高分子链在良溶剂中的线团行为Ⅰ——r环～r线和f环～f线的理论推导及实验验证

本文用简单的数学关系导出了稀溶液中由同一种单体组成,分子量相同的环型和线型高分子线团的等效球体半径比r_环/r_线和摩擦因子比f_环/f_线均为1/([η]_线/[η]_环)^1/3.在不考虑排斥体积效应的情况下,这个比值为2^-1/3即0.7937.均方半径比为0.7937²≈0.63.     

可溶性汞化苯乙烯－丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的合成

用自由基溶液降合方法制备一系列苯乙烯－丙烯酸甲酯线型共聚物，用核磁共振测定了苯基在共聚物中的百分比，在该共聚物的四氢呋喃溶液中，用三氟乙酸汞在共聚物的苯环上进行亲电取代反应，得到可溶性汞化共聚物，由于这类泵化共的可溶于四氢呋喃，二氯甲烷等溶剂，用重沉淀法多次提纯，得到了纯度很高，溶解性较好的含重金属二价汞的共聚物，用红外光谱仪测定共聚物上的汞基团，用原子吸收定量测试共聚中的汞的百分聚代率，结果表明     

Synthesis and characterization of mercuriated copolymers of N-vinylcarbazole and acrylic acid

Both linear and crosslinked copolymers of N-vinylcarbazole and methylacrylate were prepared and mercuriated using mercury trifluoroacetate in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dichloromethane. The mercuriated copolymers, both linear and crosslinked, were hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide in a mixture of water and THF. The hydrolyzed mercury loading linear copolymer was soluble in water, and the hydrolyzed mercury loading crosslinked copolymer was a waterabsorbing polymer. The iodization of the hydrolyzed mercuriated copolymers was carried out in water with Kl₃, and the iodization of unhydrolyzed mercuriated copolymers was done in THF with I₂. The conformation of the hydrolyzed mercuriated polymer chains could be changed by changing the pH of the aqueous solution. Both the change of conformations and amounts (%) of mercury loading to the carbazoles affected the fluorescence of the carbazole copolymers. The forms of crosslinked mercuriated copolymers could be changed in different solvents and a change of form could affect the chemical modification of metallated aromatic polymers.     

Hierarchical mesostructures of biodegradable triblock copolymers via evaporation-induced self-assembly directed by alkali metal ions

Hierarchical mesostructures of poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL-PEO-PCL) triblock copolymers have been grown from evaporation-induced self-assembly directed by alkali metal ions. The self-assembly process began with a dilute homogeneous solution of the triblock copolymers in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water. THF preferentially evaporated under reduced pressure and induced the formation of amphiphilic polymer micelles. The spherical polymer micelles formed both in deionized water and NaOH aqueous solution. However, different mesostructures were discovered during the film depositing process for scanning electron microscopy observation. The polymer micelles were observed for the deposition sample in deionized water while sisal-like hierarchical mesostructures resulted from the film deposition of polymer micelles in NaOH aqueous solution. The sisal-like mesostructures and their formation process were observed through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Detailed study revealed that during evaporation-induced self-assembly of PCL-PEO-PCL amphiphilic triblock copolymer directed by alkali metal ions, the sodium ions and polymer micelles increasingly concentrated in NaOH aqueous solution and the solvent quality for the diblock progressively decreased, which resulted in the stronger coordination between alkali metal ions and PEO ligands in the block copolymer and PEO segment crystallization.     

Topological “interfacial” polymer chemistry: Dependency of polymer “shape” on surface morphology and stability of layer structures when heating organized molecular films of cyclic and linear block copolymers of n‐butyl acrylate‐ethylene oxide

The “topological polymer chemistry” of amphiphilic linear and cyclic block copolymers at an air/water interface was investigated. A cyclic copolymer and two linear copolymers (AB‐type diblock and ABA‐type triblock copolymers) synthesized from the same monomers were used in this study. Relatively stable monolayers of these three copolymers were observed to form at an air/water interface. Similar condensed‐phase temperature‐dependent behaviors were observed in surface pressure–area isotherms for these three monolayers. Molecular orientations at the air/water interface for the two linear block copolymers were similar to that of the cyclic block copolymer. Atomic force microscopic observations of transferred films for the three polymer types revealed the formation of monolayers with very similar morphologies at the mesoscopic scale at room temperature and constant compression speed. ABA‐type triblock linear copolymers adopted a fiber‐like surface morphology via two‐dimensional crystallization at low compression speeds. In contrast, the cyclic block copolymer formed a shapeless domain. Temperature‐controlled out‐of‐plane X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films fabricated from both amphiphilic linear and cyclic block copolymers was performed to estimate the layer regularity at higher temperatures. Excellent heat‐resistant properties of organized molecular films created from the cyclic copolymer were confirmed. Both copolymer types showed clear diffraction peaks at room temperature, indicating the formation of highly ordered layer structures. However, the layer structures of the linear copolymers gradually disordered when heated. Conversely, the regularity of cyclic copolymer LB multilayers did not change with heating up to 50 °C. Higher‐order reflections (d₀₀₂, d₀₀₃) in the XRD patterns were also unchanged, indicative of a highly ordered structure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 486–498     

支化侧链偶氮无规共聚物中空和类囊泡聚集体研究

研究了支化侧链型偶氮无规共聚物(PMAPB6P-AA)在THF/H2O混合溶液中的自组装行为.研究发现,通过缓慢增加体系的水含量,可以制备出具有中空结构的非球形聚集体.调节聚合物的初始浓度,可以得到不同粒径的聚集体.聚集体中偶氮生色团的光致异构化速率与异构化程度随聚合物初始浓度的增大而减小.在此基础上,采用更加缓慢的增加水含量的方法,使聚合物分子进行充分的疏水聚集与H-聚集,制备出类囊泡状聚集体.在紫外光照射条件下,观察到类囊泡聚集体发生了光致解聚集.     

一种卤键高分子多层膜的层层组装及其稳定性的提高

设计合成了聚甲基丙烯酸2-(4-碘-2,3,5,6-四氟苯氧基)乙酯( PIPEMA)和聚甲基丙烯酸3-(3-吡啶基)丙酯( PPyPMA),经过层层组装和随后的紫外可见光谱的检验,发现可以在丙酮和丁酮中组装PIPEMA/PPyPMA卤键多层膜,但是当以四氢呋喃(THF)或氯仿为组装溶剂时未能获得多层膜.另外,在丁酮中...     

Polymer networks via cationic ring-opening polymerization

Three methods for the formation of polymer networks from bifunctionally growing polymers obtained by cationic ring-opening polymerization are described. The first method is based on the irreversible inter-molecular termination reaction of thietane polymerizations. Starting from bifunctionally living poly(THF) a new kind of polymer structure consisting of ABA block copolymers with cross-linked A-segments is obtained. The second method is the direct coupling of active species with primary amines or ammonia. The third method consists in transformation of the living end groups of poly(THF) into triethoxysilane end groups, followed by cross-linking by addition of water and a trace of acid.     

含偶氮苯两亲性ABA三嵌段共聚物合成与自组装研究

利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)制备了中间链段含对氰基偶氮苯尾挂液晶基元的PMAA-b-PMAZOCN-b-PMAA两亲性三嵌段共聚物.首先合成了含有偶氮苯液晶基元的甲基丙烯酸酯单体;再使用小分子双端引发剂,以对壬基联二吡啶、溴化亚铜为催化剂,通过ATRP反应制备了含偶氮苯液晶侧基的双端大分子引发剂.进一步以氯化亚铜为催化剂,用该大分子引发剂引发甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯聚合,制备了结构规则的PtBMA-b-PMAZOCN-PtBMA三嵌段共聚物.通过在三氟乙酸作用下的选择性水解,将PtBMA段中的甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯单体单元转化为甲基丙烯酸,得到了两端亲水,中间疏水的两亲性ABA三嵌段共聚物.用1H-NMR、GPC、PLM、DSC等对产物进行了表征.并利用溶剂诱导微相分离的方法,研究了该共聚物在THF/水混合溶剂中的自组装行为.TEM结果显示,在采用的亲疏水链段比例的条件下,得到了囊泡结构.囊泡结构的平均直径在300~500 nm.在固态下经过紫外光照射,囊泡结构转变为实心胶体球.     

Photochromic copolymers containing 3-indolylfulgides/indolylfulgimides: Synthesis and photochemical properties in toluene and as films

Photochromic indolylfulgimides covalently attached to polymers have beneficial properties for optical switching. A 3-indolylfulgide and two 3-indolylfulgimides with one or two polymerizable styrene groups attached on the nitrogen atom(s) were synthesized. Copolymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA) provided linear copolymers (one styrene group) or a cross-linked copolymer (two styrene groups). The properties of the monomers and copolymers in toluene or as thin films were characterized. The new copolymers were photochromic (reversible Z-to-C isomerization), absorbed visible light, and revealed good thermal and photochemical stability. At room temperature, all copolymer films showed no loss of absorbance after 5 weeks. At 80 °C in either toluene or as films, the Z-forms copolymers were less stable than the C-form copolymers, which showed little or no degradation after 400 h. The degradation rate due to repeated ring-closing – ring opening cycles was less than 3% per 100 cycles. The cross-linked copolymer showed photochemical stability comparable to monomeric fulgides in toluene, <1% per 100 cycles. In general, the properties of the linear and cross-linked copolymers were similar to the corresponding monomers in toluene. In films, the conformations of the Z-form were restricted due to the matrix indicating that the preparation of films from the C-form is advantageous.     

Synthesis of triblock and multiblock methacrylate polymers and self‐assembly of stimuli responsive triblock polymers

Multisegmented poly(methacrylate)s were synthesized using one pot reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Initially, a series of triblock copolymers were synthesized with different ratios of trimethylsilyl methacrylate, di(ethylene oxide) methacrylate, and oligo(ethylene oxide) methacrylate, and different total polymer molecular weights. Additionally, a polymer containing seven distinct blocks of methacrylic monomers was synthesized in one pot. For the triblock copolymers, the trimethylsilyl group was subsequently hydrolyzed, and the self‐assembly of the triblock copolymer was studied in water, under different pH and thermal conditions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 2548–2555