具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

应用虚拟化技术研究进展

应用虚拟化是支撑软件即服务的关键技术。分析并给出了应用虚拟化的定义,探讨了应用虚拟化的优势及研究现状,指出当前应用虚拟化研究主要集中于实现问题,缺乏对应用虚拟化服务质量的研究。从平台依赖性和分布式架构角度将应用虚拟化分为同构或异构应用虚拟化以及本地或远程应用虚拟化,详细分析了不同类型应用虚拟化的实现原理,存在的典型应用虚拟化软件及其特点。从评测指标和评估方法角度探讨了应用虚拟化服务质量评估方法。最后,针对应用虚拟化在服务质量方面面临的挑战,提出应用虚拟化的研究趋势。     

分布式PowerBuilder设计

随着Internet的不断发展和普及 ,传统的客户 /服务器二层应用模型已经不能满足计算机应用的扩大发行、维护和升级的要求 ,计算机应用向多层应用的发展已成为必然趋势 针对这种情况 ,笔者着重分析了PowerBuilder的分布式应用的体系结构、分布式应用中服务器端不可视对象及客户端组件的构成 阐述了分布式应用的实现原理 结合典型的三层应用模型 ,给出了用PowerBuilder进行分布式应用开发中 ,创建服务器应用和客户端应用的基本方法 提出了在开发过程中应注意的问题     

列车用CAN总线应用层协议研究与实现

铁路行业总线应用具有其自身的特点,目前还没有出现面向铁路专用的CAN总线应用层协议标准,本文以TCN(IEC61375-1)为参考,结合CAN总线自身的底层协议特点,借鉴了其他CAN总线应用层协议的优点,设计出面向列车总线应用的CAN总线应用层协议——Train-CAN协议.该文主要从该协议的报文分配、报文传输机制描述和网络管理方法3方面加以研究,并分析了一个典型的应用——分布式车载故障检测记录系统,通过该系统的实际运行情况证明了Train-CAN协议应用于铁路机车的合理性.     

浅析专利申请电子化存在的问题及对策

介绍了专利电子申请的优势,阐述了专利电子申请的程序,分析了专利电子申请存在的问题及推进专利电子申请的必然性,提出了推进专利电子申请的对策建议。     

我国工程地质遥感技术应用特点与若干问题探讨

简要介绍了工程选线、选址勘测中遥感技术的应用概况;阐述了工程地质遥感技术应用的特点,认为工程地质遥感技术应用有别于其他领域;强调了我国工程地质遥感技术应用与其他国家不同,形成了我国自己的应用特点,这些特点是由我国国情决定的;探讨了工程地质遥感技术应用的若干问题,包括遥感图像判释,遥感图像处理、数据综合分析、施工阶段遥感技术应用等。     

VC下实现Socket编程获取正在运行的程序名

介绍了在VC++6.0环境开发Winsock应用程序的方法,利用MFC提供的CAsync-Socket类实现了服务器和客户端应用程序的通信,从客户端应用程序可以向服务端应用程序发送信息;服务端应用程序利用Windows的进程查找API函数获得本机正在运行的程序名,并把它们发送给客户端应用程序.     

自适应软件应用平台模型的研究

传统的软件应用平台一般是以静态、确定的方法支持应用软件的开发,它缺乏由应用环境反馈的信息来提高和改善其系统性能的能力．为克服传统软件应用平台的缺陷,在传统的软件应用平台中引入相应的感知与学习机制,形成一个智能化的自适应软件应用平台模型ＡＳＡＰ,使得应用平台在建立应用系统的方法、控制模式和平台的学习方法上有较高的自适应性。该模型可通过利用由应用环境和开发人员反馈的信息来自我改善和调整其性能,并可通过与应用环境的交互学习获取应用软件开发的知识,从而提高和改善应用平台支持应用软件开发的能力．     

分形在水文水资源水环境中的应用研究与展望

较系统的论述了当前分形理论在水文水资源水环境中的应用,主要有:水文现象中分形特征的分析计算;分形在水文水资源评价、分类当中的应用;分形在水文水资源水环境的预测中的应用。总结了分形理论在水文中应用存在的问题:分形特征分析较多,但应用到评价、分类中较少,特别是在水文预测上应用较少。提出了未来研究的展望:将分形理论应用到评价、预测中,并加强分形理论与其它理论、方法的比较和结合,为水文评价、预测提供一种新思路。     

ARX技术在AutoCAD应用程序开发中的应用

阐述了ARX技术的含义、实质及其作用,给出了ARX应用程序的框架,即一个最小的标准ARX应用程序项目的文件组成及各组成文件的基本结构,介绍了用C++面向对象技术进行ARX应用程序设计开发的步骤及ARX应用程序的运行机制和执行过程,列出了在AutoCAD中调用ARX应用程序的常规方法,并用一实例介绍了ARX技术在AutoCAD应用程序开发中的具体应用。     

应用服务器JBOSS中集群技术的研究

介绍了集群技术,在对J2EE应用服务器的开源项目JBOSS进行了深入的分析总结的基础上,介绍了JBOSS应用服务器集群技术的实现策略,以及在JBOSS中使用集群功能的配置方法。