兔VX2移植性肝癌模型的制作及影像学评价

目的:探讨开腹注射法制作兔VX2移植性肝癌模型的特点及超声、CT在监测VX2肝癌中的价值。方法:将兔VX2瘤组织块加细胞悬液经开腹注入45只新西兰大白兔的肝左、肝右或肝中叶内,接种后的不同时期行彩超、CT平扫和双期增强扫描。结果:45只兔中40只接种成功,原位成瘤率为88.8%,其中肝脏单发结节者25只(62.5%),多发结节者15只(37.5%),原位成瘤伴异位种植者9只。CT平扫示病灶为低或等密度。增强扫描动脉期有明显强化高密度,门脉期为低密度,肿瘤边缘强化;第2周CT检查阳性率为46.7%,第3周为90.0%,不同时期检出率差异有统计学意义(x~2=4.26,P<0.05)。超声上肿瘤表现为低回声伴声晕,彩色多谱勒可见肿块周边血供丰富;超声检查第2周阳性率为40.0%,第3周为80.0%,不同时期检出率差异有统计学意义(x~2=4.33,P<0.05)。结论:经开腹注射法制作兔肝癌模型是一种简单、易行的方法,但易发生异位种植和多发结节。彩超和CT平扫及增强扫描均是准确、可靠的监测方法。     

兔VX2肝癌模型制作及综合影像评价

目的　介绍应用VX2 细胞株制作兔移植性肝癌模型 ,并用CT、MR等影像学检测手段筛选实验动物 ,评价瘤灶生长情况变化。方法　实验动物为新西兰大白兔 (60只 ) ,瘤株采用动物自身接种传代。VX2 瘤块组织接种于肝左叶 ,40只于接种后 3～ 4周行螺旋CT平扫及增强动态双期扫描、MR扫描 ,并行DSA造影。 2 0只于接种后 5周行上述检查。结果　 5 1只 (85 % )接种成功。CT平扫瘤体为低 /等密度灶 ,动脉期明显增强 ,门脉期呈低密度。MR平扫呈稍长T1、稍长T2 信号。肝动脉造影瘤体富血供 ,由肝动脉供血。注入碘油后可见瘤区碘油沉积。种植后 5周瘤体均有不同程度坏死。结论　移植性兔VX2 肝癌类似人类原发性肝癌 ,是介入治疗实验研究较为理想的动物模型。综合影像评价有利于实验动物的筛选     

螺旋CT、MR和超声在移植性肝癌生长监测中作用的实验研究

目的:研究兔VX2移植性肝癌模型的生物学特点,评价各种超声、CT、MR在肝癌检测和诊断中的作用.方法:45只新西兰大白兔在无菌条件下,接种VX2瘤组织块和生理盐水混悬液,超声、CT、MR检测肿瘤的生长和成瘤情况.结果:制模成功率为88.8%,VX2肝癌超声表现为低回声肿块,无包膜,CDFI显示肿瘤血供为高频低阻型动脉型血流频谱,CT平扫为低密度或等密度不规则性肿块;增强扫描动脉期肿瘤明显强化,呈高密度,门脉期肿瘤呈低密度,肿瘤边缘及正常肝实质强化明显,MRI T1WI表现为低信号肿块,T2WI肿瘤呈不均匀稍高信号, PD序列与T1WI相比肿瘤信号增高,肿瘤呈等信号.结论:开腹直视注入法,建立兔VX2肝癌模型成功率高,超声、CT为准确、方便的检测手段,可以动态观察肿瘤的生长情况,MRI有利于观察肿瘤的内部成分.     

兔VX2肝癌TAE实验方法改良及影像学评价

目的 改进兔VX2肝癌模型介入治疗的实验方法,分析兔VX2肝肿瘤的影像学表现。材料与方法 开腹种植VX2瘤块于兔肝左叶,建立VX2肝肿瘤模型兔15只。2周后CT及彩超证实接种成功。应用显微外科手术临时阻断肝总动脉血流,经胃十二指肠动脉留置导管行术中介入治疗,术后导管埋置于皮下。用多层螺旋CT、彩超和DSA进行兔VX2肝肿瘤的影像学评价。结果 行胃十二指肠动脉留置导管成功11只,麻醉过量及术中死亡各1只,另2只因解剖变异未做插管。多层螺旋CT平扫兔VX2肝肿瘤表现为低密度结节灶;彩超上瘤灶为低回声光团,肿瘤周边及内部可见较丰富血流信号;DSA动脉期呈结节状肿瘤染色,以周边染色为主。结论 经胃十二指肠动脉留置导管对兔VX2肝癌行术中介入治疗,可进行超选择化疗栓塞,对肝脏血流动力学影响较小。便于术后观察,实验人员完全避免辐射,但对实验条件和实验技术有一定要求。     

CT引导下兔VX2肝癌模型的制作及综合评估

目的 探讨CT引导下兔VX2肝癌模型的制作及影像学和组织学评估.方法 选择新西兰大白兔29只作为实验动物(前期9只.后期20只).采用CT引导下经皮穿刺瘤组织块种植于兔肝左中央叶.前期从左侧肋缘进针,术后未予抗感染;后期从剑突下最大层面进针,术后抗感染3 d.分别于接种后1、2、3和4周行CT增强扫描及组织学观察.结果 前期实验移植模型成瘤率为88.9%,腹壁种植转移率为62.5%,50%并发胸腔积液.后期实验肝癌移植模型成功率为95%,腹壁种植转移率为10.5%,无并发胸腔积液.CT平扫瘤体为低密度或等密度,均匀强化(2周)或环状强化(3周、4周);静脉期、延迟期呈低密度,但CT值较动脉期无明显下降.组织学上VX2为血管丰富的低分化鳞状细胞癌,2周出现点灶状凝固性坏死,3周出现肝内转移.4周出现大量凝固性坏死.自然生存时间为5～9周,死亡原因主要为广泛肺和腹腔转移伴全身衰竭.结论 CT引导下兔VX2肝癌模型的制作成功率高,并发症发生率低,进行兔VX2肝癌模型介入治疗实验研究宜选择2周为宜.     

CT引导下套管针种植法制作兔双灶肝癌模型的评价

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮套管针种植法制作兔双灶肝癌模型的可行性.方法 将30只健康新西兰大耳白兔随机分为2组,种植VX2瘤细胞株.经皮穿刺种植组采用CT引导下经套管针穿刺种植法,开腹组采用传统的开腹种植法,于兔肝左、右叶各种植1处肿瘤,制成双灶肝癌模型.2周后进行MRI扫描,对比两组单、双灶成瘤率、成瘤满意度、肿瘤体积...     

兔VX2肝癌模型建立与经兔股动脉微导管超选择性肝左动脉插管技术的探讨

目的 探讨开腹肝穿刺法建立兔VX2肝癌模型以及经兔股动脉微导管肝左动脉超选择性插管的可行性及技术特点.方法 健康新西兰大白兔40只,开腹以16G腰椎穿刺针将VX2瘤组织块种植到兔肝左内叶.2周后行螺旋CT扫描,然后在兔一侧腹股沟区行股动脉鞘管置入,在DSA引导下应用微导管行腹腔动脉造影,分析兔腹腔动脉主要分支走行及肝脏...     

兔VX2膀胱癌移植瘤模型实验研究

目的 通过模拟原位膀胱癌发生机制构建兔VX2膀胱癌移植瘤动物模型,研究其生物学特性及影像学表现.方法 采用同轴法穿刺接种VX2细胞株于25只新西兰大白兔膀胱,接种术后14、21、28 d分别作CT平扫及增强扫描,评估肿瘤种植及生长情况.取兔膀胱组织标本作大体解剖学及组织病理学检查,同时观察腹腔淋巴结及肝肺转移情况.结果 22只实验兔建模成功,植瘤成瘤率为88.0％(22/25).植瘤后14、21、28 d瘤体平均长径分别为(1.38±0.20) mm、(2.30±0.08) mm、(3.22±0.24) mm,且瘤体变化差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01).VX2移植瘤CT表现为膀胱壁局部不规则增厚或肿块突起,呈均匀强化(14 d)或环型强化(21、28 d),肿瘤腔内呈不同程度充盈缺损.种植瘤大体形态及其影像学特征基本相符,组织病理学表现为血管丰富的低分化鳞状细胞癌,呈浸润性生长,21 d后瘤体中心出现坏死,21、28 d出现肝、肺及腹腔淋巴结转移.结论 本研究成功构建兔VX2膀胱移植瘤模型,基本反映了膀胱癌发生与发展过程,适合CT动态观察及实验研究.     

兔肝血管插管技术及兔VX2肝癌超声、DSA表现的实验研究

目的探讨兔肝血管的解剖、插管技术及兔VX2肝癌的超声、DSA表现的特点.方法采用经开腹注入法接种VX2瘤株于45只新西兰大白兔,于种植后第7、10、14、18、23天利用彩超对肿瘤的生长进行检测,于接种后第23天,随机对10只兔肝癌最大径行超声和病理结果作对照.于种植后第3周采用Seldinger法穿刺股动脉,并利用3F微导管与微导丝对兔肝血管插管并造影.结果彩超检测有40只成功接种,VX2肝癌在超声上表现为低回声伴声晕的肿块,彩色多普勒可见肿块周边血供丰富,超声与病理对照结果无统计学差异(P＞0.05).并对45只进行血管造影中,10只超选择至肝固有动脉,30只插管于肝总动脉,2只导管置于腹腔干,3只失败,造影可发现肿瘤血管与肿瘤染色.结论兔肝血管解剖与人类的相类似,兔VX2肝癌的DSA、超声表现类似于人类原发性肝癌,3F微导管可成功地进行肝血管的超选择插管,彩色超声是一种准确、可靠、方便的检测手段.     

兔VX2肝种植肿瘤模型制作的完善及综合影像学评价

目的 进一步完善兔VX2肝种植肿瘤模型的制作,比较种植肿瘤的CT、MRI及DSA影像表现,评价各影像检查对瘤体显示的优越性.方法 实验动物为新西兰大白兔(前期实验12只,后期实验24只),采用动物后肢皮下注射接种传代保存瘤种.模型前期制作采用包埋法接种,后期采用针头注入法接种于兔肝左叶,并于术前1 d及术后1、3 d、1、2周检查肝肾功能的动态变化情况.接种2周后行CT、MR成像,随后行经股动脉肝动脉超选择DSA及纳米磁性粒子介入治疗.结果 前期实验肿瘤种植成功率66.7%,后期实验种植成功率100%.术后ALT、AST有一过性增高,无统计学意义;BUN、Cr无明显变化.术后CT平扫肿瘤为略低密度病灶,强化不明显,境界清晰;MR平扫呈长T1、长T2信号;EPI序列T2WI呈略高信号影;DWI成像见高亮信号影,显示清晰;介入术中DSA造影可见肝左叶孤立的丰富血管肿瘤,供血动脉增粗,经超选择注入纳米磁性粒子,肿瘤内密度明显增高.结论 兔VX2肝种植肿瘤模型是介入治疗实验研究理想的动物模型.VX2瘤粒针头注入法较包埋法成功率更高,其建立过程对兔肝肾功能无明显影响.CT平扫增强,MR平扫,EPI序列及DWI成像对于肿瘤的影像评价互有优势,EPI及DWI成像可更灵敏地显示肿瘤,DSA可清晰地显示肿瘤的供血及肝内有无转移.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme     

改进的定位技术在胸部肿瘤穿刺活检中的应用

目的：探索CT-SIM三维定位系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引定位技术在胸部肿瘤经皮穿刺活检中的应用价值。方法：对380例胸部肿瘤患者行改进的CT定位技术下的经皮穿刺活检术。根据肿瘤的大小、深度、毗邻关系、活动度以及患者的心肺功能状态,综合运用CT-SIM系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,为患者进行穿刺前定位。统计穿刺定位时间长度、成功率、确诊率、并发症发生情况,并与210例采用传统铅栅定位下胸部肿瘤穿刺活检的相应资料进行比较。结果：采用改进的CT定位技术的380例患者穿刺定位精确,平均定位时间（9.5 min）较传统方法（16.8 min）缩短7.3 min,活检成功率和确诊率分别是98.7%和95.3%,高于传统定位方法的93.3%和83.3%,两者差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。穿刺并发症发生率相似,气胸发生率分别为2.8%和2.9%,咯血发生率分别为11%和12.8%。结论：根据患者状态及肿瘤特点,在CT-SIM系统快速精确定位技术的基础上,综合运用体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,能显著缩短经皮穿刺活检的定位时间,提高活检成功率。