湟水流域2000—2019年植被变化趋势特征和延续性分析

植被的变化特征是流域生态监测的重要内容和环境保护最为关键的信息。利用MODIS EVI数据产品和Hurst指数,分析2000—2019年湟水流域植被的时空变化趋势及其趋势的延续性。结合气温、降水等气象观测数据,分析湟水流域9个县区植被变化的影响因素。研究结果表明：从2000年至2019年间,湟水流域植被EVI最大值年均增幅为0.0063,受气温、降水、土地利用等因素的不同影响,上、中、下游的不同县区表现出不同的变化特征。对于年EVI最大值,下游的增加趋势均最为显著,河道地区变化剧烈程度更加明显。Hurst指数分析表明这种变化趋势短期内具有一定的延续性。本研究通过监测植被时序变化,揭示了高原流域地区植被监测趋势的重要性,为流域管理和可持续性发展提供了一定的数据支撑和科学依据。     

利用MODIS产品分析长江上游川江段植被变化

使用2000年到2005年每年8月的中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)的植被指数产品研究了长江上游川江流域加快长江防护林建设以来的植被变化。在选定的特定区域对广泛使用的植被指数NDVI和新开发的增强型植被指数EVI进行了对比分析,两种植被指数在湿润环境下对高密度植被的描述有明显差别:NDVI的季节性不明显,表现为全年高平的曲线;而EVI仍然有季节性,表现为钟形曲线,与月平均温度关系更密切。通过对EVI产品的分析,近6年来长江上游川江流域的植被得到了较好的恢复,尤其是在湖北和嘉陵江附近植被得到了明显的增加,整体上最明显的变化是较高植被值域区(0.6～0.8),所占比例由3.26%增加到13.96%。     

太湖流域植被NPP时空特征及其驱动因素研究

为了探究太湖流域植被净初级生产力(net primary productivity, NPP)2000—2019年的时空动态变化,定量识别其驱动因素并分析其影响,采用趋势分析、Hurst指数等方法研究了2000—2019年太湖流域植被NPP的时空变化特点,并结合气象、土地、人口等数据,运用相关性分析、地理探测器方法等从两方面揭示其驱动因素。结果表明：流域植被NPP多年均值呈波动上升趋势,空间上表现为西南高、中东部低的分布格局;未来流域植被NPP可能会以反持续性趋势为主,即会有所下降;气候因子与NPP的相关性不显著,土地利用变化是造成植被NPP流失的主要因素之一;单因子驱动中,土地利用变化对植被NPP的解释力最强,双因子则是以土地利用和降水因子的交互作用为主。     

青海省土地荒漠化遥感动态监测

近年来由于气候变化和人类活动的影响,青海省受荒漠化的影响日趋严重,采取有效的手段进行荒漠化快速动态监测,跟踪荒漠化现状和变化趋势,是荒漠化防治必要手段。基于像元二分模型,采用2000~2012年MODIS的增强型植被指数产品(EVI)估算青海省植被覆盖度。以植被覆盖度为主要评价指标,对青海省荒漠化现状和动态变化进行快速监测。结果表明:遥感估算的荒漠化面积和全国荒漠化调查的结论基本一致。13年间,青海省荒漠化土地的空间分布特征没有明显变化,全省荒漠化和潜在荒漠化土地总面积在研究时段内没有明显变化趋势,但是受自然因素影响,面积年际波动明显。重度荒漠化面积整体上呈明显下降趋势,青海省沙化和荒漠化状况有所改善,部分地区生态群落生产力、草地植被覆盖度呈上升趋势,表明近年来在青海实施的林业工程和荒漠化治理措施逐步显现出生态效益,发挥了实际作用。     

1982~2015年海南岛NDVI时空变化及气候驱动力分析北大核心CSCD

为了揭示海南岛植被覆盖长期变化趋势以及进一步确定影响海南岛植被变化的主要气候驱动因子,为海南岛植被应对气候变化以及植被的良性发展提供科学指导。基于GIMMS NDVI数据,采用趋势分析法,探究1982~2015年海南岛植被的时空变化趋势;利用偏相关分析和主成分回归分析研究34 a里温度、降水和太阳辐射对海南岛植被变化的影响。研究表明:(1)空间上海南岛植被在北部和沿海地区呈明显增加趋势,而三亚及周边地区存在多处植被退化区域;(2)时间上海南岛植被整体以缓慢增长为主,增速为0.019/10 a,年际变化明显;(3)温度和太阳辐射显著主导海南岛88%地区的植被生长,其驱动因子存在如下关系:太阳辐射作用>温度作用>降水的驱动作用;(4)温度主导海南岛北部及西部地区植被的生长,太阳辐射主导驱动岛屿南部的植被生长,而降水是岛屿中部植被的主导气候驱动因子。综上所述,海南岛植被总体呈现良性发展的趋势,温度和太阳辐射是促进植被生长的主要气候因子。     

基于GIMMS、VGT和MODIS的中国东部植被指数对比分析

GIMMS NDVI、VGT NDVI和MODIS NDVI/EVI是目前在植被变化有关研究中经常使用的植被遥感数据,它们之间的差异也得到了广泛关注。然而,在分析这些数据之间的差异时,较少有研究注意到植被本身固有的季节循环可能夸大了各数据间的相关关系。应用2000~2006年GIMMS NDVI、VGT NDVI、MODIS NDVI/EVI等不同植被遥感数据,对比了基于这些数据集的中国东部植被年际变化的差异,探讨了植被季节循环对不同遥感数据之间相关性的影响。结果表明:由不同遥感数据提取的植被年际变化特征具有明显的一致性,然而,植被本身固有的季节循环特征掩盖了不同数据集的差异。季节循环去除前,各数据集之间具有显著的相关性;季节循环去除后,各数据集的相关性明显降低,但不同数据集在北部区域依然具有较好的一致性,其差异主要出现在南部区域,差异最明显的是GIMMS与MODIS数据,二者在淮河以南的区域几乎不存在显著相关。     

基于植被指数季节变化曲线的年总初级生产力估算

针对年总初级生产力估算的研究,提出了一种参数简单、误差较小的估算方法。以"三北"防护林工程区域各类型植被为研究对象,获取2010年研究区全年时序的MODIS植被指数并构建植被指数季节变化曲线,建立该曲线积分ΣVIs与MODIS GPP产品的拟合关系,并研究各植被类型GPP估算适用的植被指数时间序列曲线积分ΣVIs。结果表明:①ΣVIs适用于估算研究区年总GPP并与MODIS GPP在p0.01置信水平下,显著相关;②ΣNDVI估算郁闭灌丛、稀疏灌丛、草地、耕地以及荒地或稀疏植被GPP的效果要优于ΣEVI和ΣEVI2,但在森林及其他植被类型方面要比ΣEVI或ΣEVI2的精度低;③由于NDVI在高LAI地区趋于饱和,使ΣNDVI估算高LAI植被类型GPP的误差较大,而利用ΣEVI和ΣEVI2估算高LAI植被类型的GPP具有较好的精度,并且EVI2相对于EVI减少了来自于蓝光波段的限制,能够更好地应用于长时间序列GPP研究。     

黑河流域2001~2017年植被变化特征及其可延续性评价

植被的变化特征是流域生态监测的重要内容和流域综合管理决策的基础信息。基于谷歌地球引擎(Google Earth Engine,GEE),利用空间分辨率为250 m的MODIS-EVI(Enhanced Vegetation Index)产品,研究2001~2017年黑河流域植被的时空变化趋势及延续性特征。结合气温、降水与河流径流量观测数据,分析黑河流域上游、中下游绿洲与非绿洲区植被变化的影响因素。结果表明:近17年来黑河流域植被年最大EVI值年均增幅为0.0039,年均新增植被面积为480.3 km^2。受气温、降水、耕地开垦、水资源管理措施及与其密切相关的地下水等因素的不同影响,上中下游表现出不同的变化特征。无论是年最大EVI值还是植被面积,中游的增加趋势最为显著,绿洲区较非绿洲区增加趋势更为明显。这种变化趋势短期内可能延续,但长时间内存在较大风险。研究为快速监测植被变化提供了示范,揭示了干旱区植被监测中长势变化与类型变化的同等重要性,流域植被变化的区域协同性对合理分水、加强地表-地下水协同管理等流域综合管理提出了更高要求。     

基于多时相遥感数据的徐州市植被净初级生产力估算及相关性分析

以遥感数据和气象数据为主要数据源,应用改进的光能利用率模型估算徐州市2006、2008和2010年3年间6月份的植被净初级生产力(Net Primary Productivity,NPP),研究了该区域6月份NPP的时空变化及其与气象因子的相关性。结果表明：时间上,受气候和环境等因素综合变化的影响,研究区域6月份NPP呈逐年下降趋势;空间上,NPP的分布表现为在林地、草地和农田相对集中的区域偏高,且不同植被类型6月份的NPP大小关系在不同年份可能不同,其中在2006和2008年为农田>草地>林地,而2010年为农田>林地>草地。通过分析与气象因子的相关性和偏相关性,限制NPP的主要气象因子不是固定不变的,其中2006和2008年,限制NPP的主要气象因子为太阳辐射,而2010年为降雨量和温度。不同植被类型下NPP与气象因子相关性和偏相关性差异反映了不同类型植被生长对光、热、水条件要求的差异。
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基于遥感和气象数据的东南亚森林动态变化分析

为进一步了解热带森林动态变化与人类活动及气候变化之间的关系,利用MODIS遥感数据和ERA-Interim再分析气象数据,通过时间序列分析和相关性分析,得到2001～2013年东南亚地区11个国家的森林净初级生产力(NPP)时空变化情况及其与植被覆盖率(VCF)、温度、降水和光合有效辐射(PAR)的相关关系。结果表明:①东南亚地区森林NPP呈现由赤道向南北两极方向增加的趋势;②研究区大部分区域NPP呈减少趋势,NPP变化较剧烈的地区变异系数一般较大,生态系统的固碳能力不稳定;③研究区整体森林覆盖率较高(60%～80%),2001～2013年间大部分区域VCF呈增加趋势,部分地区VCF与NPP的偏相关系数较相关系数高,表明NPP受人类活动影响大;④东南亚地区温度、降水和PAR都较高,热带雨林气候国家较热带季风气候国家森林NPP与气候因子具有更好的相关性,一般与温度呈负相关,与降水和PAR呈正相关。     

Analysis of Vegetation Changes in Fujian Province Using MODIS EVI Time Series Data (2000~2017)

Fujian province has the highest forest coverage rate in China for decades, which has played an important role in maintaining a good ecosystem quality in southeastern China. This study conducted an investigate aiming to find out the spatial and temporal changes of the vegetation status in Fujian and the impact factor involving in the vegetation growth during the period from 2000 to 2017, using the summer data of MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) product, associated with meteorological and non-meteorological data. The results showed that the mean EVI of Fujian rose as a whole during the 17 study years, from 0.454 in 2000 to 0.505 in 2017, increased by 11.2% in the period. This indicates that the overall vegetation status in Fujian has been improved, especially in, south and west parts of the province, while eastern coastal areas have shown decrease in vegetation coverage. Correlation analysis showed that during the study period, meteorological factors (temperature and precipitation) had no significant impact on the provincial EVI change, and the improvement of the vegetation status mainly due to non-meteorological factors. Both the construction of the ecological province in Fujian starting in 2003 and the soil erosion treatment starting in 2012 have strong relationships with vegetation increase. The increase of forest coverage rate and the decrease of soil erosion area have contributed significantly to the enhancement of Fujian’s EVI in the past 17 years.     

利用多时相中分辨率卫星影像监测-福建省植被覆盖变化

植被指数能定量地反映植被的变化信息，利用2001～2005年的EOS/MODIS卫星遥感资料，通过基于增强型植被指数的植被覆盖度计算模式，得到2001～2005年福建省植被覆盖度的年际动态变化情况，分析结果表明：福建省植被覆盖存在有不同程度的退化现象，退化最明显的地区出现在居民点、河流两岸、海岸带和岛屿等区域，植被覆盖变化在整体上呈现出内陆普遍小于沿海地区的特征，而远离沿海特别是内陆海拔较高的山区，植被覆盖变化很小，反映出研究区内植被覆盖受人类活动影响相对较大的事实。     

基于Google Earth Engine的中国植被覆盖度时空变化特征分析

植被覆盖时空变化是全球及区域生态环境重要研究内容之一。基于Google Earth Engine云平台,利用2000~2017年250 m分辨率的MODIS-EVI长时间序列数据,采用像元二分模型并辅以趋势分析、去趋势标准差、Hurst指数方法定量估算中国自2000年来植被覆盖度时空变化,并从省域尺度分析中国植被覆盖度近18 a以及未来趋势变化的时空分异特征。研究结果表明:①2000年以来中国植被覆盖度的变化速率为0.09%/a(P<0.01),平均植被覆盖度为44.63%,空间分布格局上整体呈现“东南高、西北低”的特点,但存在空间异质性;②从省级尺度来看,海南省平均植被覆盖度最高(79%),新疆维吾尔自治区最低(13%),山西省改善趋势最显著(0.4%/a),天津市年际波动最大(DSD=0.039),位于中国最西部的3省:新疆、西藏、青海植被覆盖度年际波动最小;③全国尺度植被覆盖度Hurst指数为0.72,未来将继续保持改善的趋势。具有改善持续性的省份基本呈“T”型分布,位于东西两侧的省份应注重加强植被生态修复与防护工作,保障区域生态文明建设的持续性。     

Spatiotemporal Variations of Fractional Vegetation Coverage in China based on Google Earth Engine

The spatiotemporal variation of vegetation coverage is one of the main research fields in Global and Regional eco-environment. Based on the Google Earth Engine cloud platform, using the MODIS-EVI long-term series data of 250 m resolution from 2000 to 2017. The model of dimidiate pixel was applied in estimating the spatiotemporal variations of Fractional vegetation coverage in China since 2000. The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of China's vegetation coverage for nearly 18 years and future trends from the provincial scale also be analyzed. Trend analysis, Detrended Standard Deviation and Hurst index were employed. The results showed that: (1) The rate of variation of vegetation coverage in China since 2000 is 0.09%/a (P<0.01), the average vegetation coverage is 44.63%. The overall spatial distribution pattern shows the characteristics of “south-high and low-lying northwest”, but there is space Heterogeneity; (2) Hainan Province has the highest average vegetation coverage (79%), the lowest in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (13%), the most significant improvement in vegetation coverage in Shanxi Province (0.4%/a). Tianjin has the largest inter-annual volatility (DSD=0.039), Xinjiang, Tibet and Qinhai province which located in the westernmost of China have the least annual fluctuations in vegetation coverage; (3) The Hurst Index of Vegetation Coverage at National Scale is 0.72, China Future vegetation coverage will continue to improve. The provinces with improved sustainability are basically “T”-type distribution, and the provinces on both sides of the east and west should focus on strengthening the ecological restoration and protection of vegetation to guarantee the sustainability of regional ecological civilization construction.     

Study on Dynamic Remote Sensing Monitoring of LUCC and Soilwind Erosion Intensity in the Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project Region

The Land Use/Cover Change(LUCC) and soil wind erosion intensity of the Beijing\|Tianjin sandstorm source control project region were monitored by remote sensing.The spatial and temporal patterns of LUCC and soil wind erosion in the project region were analyzed.The results showed that there was significant difference in LUCC and soil erosion intensity before and after the project was implemented.In the recent 30 years,the LUCC process mainly manifested the change from cultivated land reclamation to ecological conversion of farmland to forest and grass,with the ecological restoration and desertification effectively inhibited.The overall arable land showed an increase and then decreased.The area of arable land increased from 2000 to 2015,the area of cultivated land converted to forest and grassland was 446.10 km² and 1 129.32 km²,with the most obvious in the west;the area of land for construction expanded obviously;the trend of unutilized land decreased significantly The type of conversion is dominated by grassland conversion to grassland with an area of 493.12 km².The erosion-mitigating modulus of soil erosion in the project region with wind-blown sand control decreased overall,especially after the implementation of ecological engineering (p<0.001).The eastern and southern areas are covered with high-coverage grassland and soil wind erosion in the area with the main type is small;Soil wind erosion in the Hunshandake sandy land is larger,but the overall trend is decreasing.Different land use/cover types have a greater impact on soil wind erosion intensity.The order of soil wind erosion modulus is Sandy land> Sparse grass> Moderate grass>dryland> Shrub>Paddy>Dense grass> Other woods> Sparse woods> Forest;The conversion of low coverage to high coverage grassland types effectively inhibited soil erosion (-66.12%),and the increase of vegetation coverage effectively reduced soil erosion.The soil wind erosion increased (58.26%) in the surrounding area of sandy area,the soil wind erosion increasedduring the conversion process of low coverage grassland type,and the grassland was converted into sand,and the wind erosion in the dry land increased.     

Mapping invasion and eradication of feral goats in the Alcedo region of Isabela Island,Galapagos

We conducted a time series analysis using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data product over the Alcedo volcano region of Isabela Island in the Galápagos to determine vegetation changes before, during, and after a feral goat invasion and eradication project. Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) values for the Alcedo region of Isabela Island were analysed from 2000 to 2010 with respect to the presence of a large population of goats that was eradicated between 2004 and 2006. This study finds large-scale, seasonal vegetation pattern changes between 2000 and 2005, and 2005 and 2010. Statistically significant EVI decreases prior to and during eradication in zones where goats were present in high numbers and increases following eradication in zones with lower goat density are found. EVI appears to have changed little over the entire study period, though earlier imagery would likely reveal stronger positive post-eradication trends. Because EVI primarily reveals greenness and little about vegetation composition and structure, we find that long-term in situ vegetation monitoring is also needed to obtain a meaningful assessment of the effects of invasion and eradication at the species level.     

MODIS NDVI与MODIS EVI的比较分析

MODIS NDVI与MODIS EVI是目前应用比较广泛的植被指数,MODIS EVI是对NDVI的发展和延续,从植被指数计算公式和合成方法两方面做了改进。具体表现在:避免了MODIS NDVI在植被高覆盖区易饱和的问题,考虑了土壤背景对植被指数的影响,对气溶胶等残留做了进一步校正,采用BRDF/CV-MVC合成方法保证了合成采用最佳像元。EVI时间序列相较于NDVI时间序列季节性更明显,能够更好地反映高植被覆盖区的季节性变化特征,并且很少有突降现象,时间序列曲线较平滑。EVI的这些优势为高覆盖植被物候特征的季节性变化监测提供了新的思路。     

In situ examination of the relationship between various vegetation indices and canopy phenology in an evergreen coniferous forest,Japan

We examined the relationship between four vegetation indices and tree canopy phenology in an evergreen coniferous forest in Japan based on observations made using a spectral radiometer and a digital camera at a daily time step during a 4 year period. The colour of the canopy surface of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) changed from yellowish-green to whitish-green from late May to July and turned reddish-green in winter. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and plant area index (PAI) showed no seasonality. In contrast, the green–red ratio vegetation index (GRVI) increased from March to June and then decreased gradually from July to December, resulting in a bell-shaped curve. GRVI revealed seasonal changes in the colour of the canopy surface. GRVI correlated more positively with the evaluated maximum photosynthetic rate for the whole forest canopy, A _max, than did NDVI or EVI. These results suggest the possibility that GRVI is more useful than NDVI and EVI for capturing seasonal changes in photosynthetic capacity, as the green and red reflectances are strongly influenced by changes in leaf pigments in this type of forest.