铁镧复合氧化物纳米米微粒的制备及其光催化性能

以溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米铁镧复合氧化物.通过了XRD、TG-DTA等手段,对该氧化物进行了分析.研究了焙烧温度、光催化剂的用量、光照等因素对催化剂光催化降解活性染料的影响.并用红外光谱分析方法验证光催化降解效果.结果表明在适当的用量和700C焙烧并在紫外光照射下铁镧复合氧化物对活性翠蓝KGL和活性B-GFF黑有较强的光催化降解活性.     

铁和镧共掺杂纳米二氧化钛光催化剂的制备、表征及其光催化活性

以葡聚糖为模板,钛酸四正丁酯、硝酸铁和硝酸镧为前驱体采用模板法制备了一系列铁、镧单掺杂及共掺杂纳米TiO₂光催化剂. 利用SEM、XRD、BET比表面积测定和UV-Vis等技术对其形貌、晶体结构及表面结构、光吸收特性等进行了表征. 以甲基橙溶液的光催化降解为模型反应,考察了不同掺杂的样品在紫外和可见光下的光催化性能. TiO₂材料具有较大的比表面积(约150 m²/g),铁和镧共掺杂纳米TiO₂在可见光区域有较强的吸收,在紫外和可见光条件下较纯TiO₂和单掺杂TiO₂对甲基橙溶液具有更好的光催化降解效果,且铁和镧的掺杂量显著影响该材料的催化性能. 当铁掺杂量为0.5mol%、镧掺杂量为0.3mol%,在500 ℃焙烧2 h所得光催化材料的催化性能最佳,焙烧4 h即可使甲基橙的降解率达98.8%,且该复合材料有较高的循环回收利用率,重复使用4次仍可使甲基橙的降解率保持在88%以上.     

掺铁TiO2纳米薄膜的制备及光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶提拉法制备了掺铁改性TiO2纳米材料镀膜玻璃,研究了掺铁、PEG用量、镀膜层数等因素对TiO2纳米膜透光率和光催化降解性的影响,并对相关机理进行了探讨。研究发现,掺铁能提升TiO2纳米膜的光催化活性,催化降解速率为不掺铁时的1．38倍;溶胶前驱体中PEG用量为0．1g（0．13wt％）时制取的薄膜具有最佳的光催化活性和较好的透光率,低于或超过这个值,催化降解效果都不理想;镀膜层数为2～5层时,均有较高的透光率,光催化活性依次递增,其中综合效果最佳的为2层镀膜。纳米TiO2镀膜玻璃是一种性能优异的新型自净节能环保材料,在高楼建筑、灯具制造、城市照明系统等领域具有潜在的广泛用途。     

纳米铁酸锌的冲击波合成及它的光催化活性

 利用溶液共沉淀法制备了纳米氧化锌和三氧化二铁的非常均匀的混合物。通过常规的高温焙烧法和冲击波压缩方法分别合成了铁酸锌。这两种铁酸锌对硫化氢气体的光催化脱氢表现出显著不同的催化活性。试验表明：高温焙烧法合成的铁酸锌是一种颗粒度为几十纳米的结晶完整的化合物；而冲击波合成的铁酸锌是一种颗粒度为几个纳米的非化学计量比化合物，它的光催化活性随着冲击波合成压力的增高而迅速提高。在37 GPa时，冲击波合成的铁酸锌对H₂S脱氢的光催化活性要比高温焙烧法制备的铁酸锌高出3倍以上。利用粉末X光衍射，透射电镜及电子衍射，Mossbauer谱等分析手段对这两种铁酸锌的晶格结构、细观特征及磁特性进行了表征。     

Ce掺杂Bi2O3 光催化剂的制备、表征及其可见光催化性能

采用水热-焙烧法制备了Ce掺杂的可见光响应的Bi₂O₃光催化剂（Ce-Bi₂O₃）。利用 XRD、FT-IR、XPS和 UV-Vis对不同Ce-Bi₂O₃样品进行了表征分析,并以光催化降解金橙Ⅱ溶液为探针反应,考察了Ce-Bi₂O₃的可见光催化性能。结果表明,Ce掺杂可以减小催化剂的禁带宽度,使光谱响应范围向可见光拓展。掺杂的Ce可取代Bi₂O₃晶格中部分Bi,形成Bi-O-Ce键,并生成了少量铈铋复合氧化物（Bi_7.38Ce_0.62O_12.31）,它们的存在有效地抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合,有助于提高Bi₂O₃的可见光催化活性。但焙烧时间过长将导致Ce-Bi₂O₃催化剂的表面发生烧结现象,致使其催化活性降低。可见光照射下的金橙Ⅱ光催化降解实验表明,经2 h焙烧后得到的Ce/Bi的量比为0.5 的Ce-Bi₂O₃催化剂具有最佳的光催化活性。     

TiO2柱撑蒙脱土的制备及其对品红降解的催化反应

基于TiO2光催化剂的优良光催化活性,采用酸性溶胶法合成了TiO2柱撑蒙脱土复合光催化剂,利用IR,UV-Vis,TG/DTA,XRD及SEM等手段对复合催化剂进行了表征,通过太阳光对酸性品红光催化降解实验,考察了催化剂的光催化活性。该催化剂比纳米TiO2对酸性品红的光催化降解反应表现出更高的催化活性,而且更易于沉降、回收。当TiO2柱撑蒙脱土光催化剂的用量为0.2 g.(100 mL)-1,酸性品红溶液的pH值为3时,在太阳光下40 min内酸性品红基本降解完全,而且该降解过程符合Langmuir-Hin-shelwood方程。X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明钛柱撑蒙脱土的层间距较钠基蒙脱土有明显的增大,紫外-可见吸收光谱表明TiO2柱撑蒙脱土比纳米TiO2具有更高的光吸收效率。     

纳米结构锌及锌氧化物薄膜对甲基橙的降解作用研

采用磁控溅射方法制备了纳米金属锌薄膜,结合后续的空气退火处理制备了纳米锌氧化物薄膜. 金属锌薄膜对甲基橙的还原降解以及锌氧化物薄膜对甲基橙的光催化降解过程都可以用一级反应动力学方程来描述. 甲基橙溶液在金属锌膜的还原降解下具有最快的褪色速率,但矿化不完全：在紫外光波段出现的额外吸收峰表明生成了芳香族中间产物. 完全氧化的氧化锌薄膜对甲基橙的光催化降解速率仅为金属锌膜还原降解速率的1/4左右,没有出现芳香族中间产物. 另外实验发现部分氧化的锌氧化物薄膜对甲基橙的光催化降解速率明显高于完全氧化的氧化锌薄膜,光催化活性的提高可能由于部分氧化薄膜中同时存在的金属锌及氧化锌相之间的协同效应.     

Cu-Fe-TiO2/膨润土复合光催化剂的表征及性能

以膨润土为载体,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同焙烧温度的Cu-Fe双金属掺杂的TiO2/膨润土复合光催化剂,采用XRD、TG-DSC和N2吸附技术对其结构进行了表征,通过光催化降解直接天蓝染料废水,考察了焙烧温度对催化剂光催化性能的影响.结果表明,当焙烧温度高于300℃时,催化剂中出现了锐钛矿型TiO2,掺杂的Cu2+、Fe3+可能进入了TiO2晶格取代了部分Ti4+,使其晶格产生了一定程度的畸变,形成了复合半导体,拓宽了TiO2的光谱响应范围,并且Cu2+、Fe3+掺杂的TiO2复合半导体进入了蒙脱石层间,与膨润土成功复合,增大了催化剂的比表面积并改善了催化剂的孔体积,提高了光催化剂活性和再生性.     

纳米复合材料TiO2-ZrO2光催化降解可溶性染料的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶方法将光催化剂TiO2和ZrO2复合,再经700℃灼烧5h后获得了纳米复合光催化材料TiO2-ZrO2.该材料经XRD检测具有光催化活性良好的晶型结构.TEM测定结果显示产物的平均粒径约为20nm.通过对可溶性染料刚果红等的光催化降解实验证明,该复合材料具有较高的光催化活性.     

SO2-4/CeO2-TiO2光催化材料的制备与光谱表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法结合硫酸浸渍法制备了SO2-4/CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-FTIR)、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)、X射线光电子能谱价带谱(VB-XPS)及荧光光谱(PL)技术对样品的结构、性质进行了表征,以光催化分解水制氢为模型反应,评价了样品的光催化性能.XRD,FTIR结合PL结果表明CeO2与TiO2的复合形成了异质结构,有利于提高光生电子与光生空穴的分离效率,对催化剂活性的提高有促进作用;Py-FTIR谱图证明SO2-4/CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物在表面具有Lewis酸性,Lewis酸性位的产生是由于SO2-4在样品表面的配位吸附所致,S O— 的诱导效应增强了表面金属得电子能力,从而进一步提升光生载流子的分离效率;UV-Vis及XPS价带谱分析说明,半导体氧化物复合能够缩减带隙,拓宽光响应范围,Lewis酸性影响复合氧化物的能带结构,使其导带底位置向负向移动,利于光催化还原能力的提高,进而促进其光催化制氢活性.光催化分解水制氢实验结果表明,SO2-4/CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物具有优于纯氧化物CeO2,TiO2及未经硫酸浸渍的CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物的催化活性,5 h的产氢速率为1934.1μmol·g-1·h-1.光谱分析结果结合光催化制氢活性评价结果表明,SO2-4/CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物的异质结构与酸浸渍是影响样品光催化性能的主要因素.     

三氧化钨/氧化银复合材料的水热法合成及其光催化降解性能研究

染料污染是水污染中最严重的问题之一,吸引了很多科学家的关注.人们尝试了很多方法去解决该问题,如化学氧化法、物理吸附法、光催化降解法和生物降解法等.与其他几种方法相比,光催化法有着低能耗、环保以及高效等优势.三氧化钨是常见的半导体材料,具有独特的光学性能,近年来受到了广泛的研究.本文以钨酸钠和硫脲为前驱体,通过水热法制备了三氧化钨/氧化银(WO_3/Ag_2O)复合材料,并用光催化降解亚甲基蓝来分析其光催化性能.通过X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、紫外可见吸收光谱等表征手段对样品的形貌、晶格结构和光催化的性能进行表征.氧化银的带宽为1.2 e V,对可见光很敏感,三氧化钨和氧化银的复合使材料在可见光下的光催化活性显著增强,在可见光下对亚甲基蓝染料的光降解率可以达到98%.实验结果表明,复合材料中的三氧化钨纳米棒为六方相,其平均直径约为200 nm,平均长度约为4μm.而复合材料中的氧化银纳米颗粒为六方相,附着在氧化钨纳米棒的表面,平均晶粒尺寸为20 nm.氧化银的存在为复合材料提供了更多的反应活性位点.相较于单一组分,复合材料在可见光下的光吸收度更高,这说明三氧化钨和氧化银的复合改变了材料的能带结构.研究发现,三氧化钨和氧化银之间形成的异质结构是其优良光催化性能的来源.此外,三氧化钨和氧化银复合材料还具有良好的催化稳定性和化学稳定性.本文结果表明,可以通过给宽带隙的半导体材料复合一些带隙合适的金属氧化物以提升其光催化活性.     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of graphene–TiO2 composite under visible light irradiation

Novel graphene–TiO₂ (GR–TiO₂) composite photocatalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal method. During the hydrothermal process, both the reduction of graphene oxide and loading of TiO₂ nanoparticles on graphene were achieved. The structure, surface morphology, chemical composition and optical properties of composites were studied using XRD, TEM, XPS, DRS and PL spectroscopy. The absorption edge of TiO₂ shifted to visible-light region with increasing amount of graphene in the composite samples. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) was carried out using graphene–TiO₂ composite catalysts in order to study the photocatalytic efficiency. The results showed that GR–TiO₂ composites can efficiently photodegrade MO, showing an enhanced photocatalytic activity over pure TiO₂ under visible-light irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the composite catalysts might be attributed to great adsorptivity of dyes, extended light absorption range and efficient charge separation due to giant π-conjugation system and two-dimensional planar structure of graphene.     

水热法制备In2O3/ZnO异质结及其高的光催化性能

采用简单的两步水热法合成了不同In₂O₃质量比的In₂O₃/ZnO异质结复合材料．通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-vis)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的结构、形貌和性能进行了表征．同时还使用UV-vis分光光度计测试了异质结降解罗丹明B(RhB)的光催化活性．实验结果表明,与纯ZnO和In₂O₃相比,In₂O₃的引入将ZnO的吸收光谱扩展到可见光区域,从而提高了其光生电子和空穴的分离．此外,In₂O₃/ZnO异质结在可见光照射对RhB具有较高的光催化活性．5 wt%-In₂O₃/ZnO异质结对RhB的降解率为84.3%,且具有良好的光催化稳定性．In₂O₃/ZnO异质结复合材料在有机染料废水的降解中有更广阔的应用前景．     

Photocatalytic degradation of phenol over novel rod shaped Graphene@BiPO4 nanocomposite

Graphene@BiPO₄ nanocomposite with unique rod shape morphology of BiPO₄ has been successfully fabricated by the simple microwave assisted hydrothermal method. The crucial role of graphene oxide in the growth of rod shaped BiPO₄ crystals has been attempted to explain in this article. Graphene oxide acts as a structure-directing and morphology-controlling agent in the nucleation and growth of nanocrystals. The as prepared organic–inorganic hybrid Graphene@BiPO₄ nanocomposite photocatalyst was characterized by various techniques i.e. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results were promising and shown enhanced photocatalytic activity than pure BiPO₄ for phenol degradation. The effect of graphene loading on the rates of photocatalytic degradation of phenol in solution is investigated. The result shows that the optimum photocatalytic activity of Graphene@BiPO₄ composite at 5 wt% of graphene under visible light is almost three times higher than pure BiPO₄.     

Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of polystyrene plastic with goethite modified by boron under UV-vis light irradiation

A novel photodegradable polyethylene-boron-goethite (PE-B-goethite) composite film was prepared by embedding the boron-doped goethite into the commercial polyethylene. The goethite catalyst was modified by boron in order to improve its photocatalytic efficiency under the ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of the PE-B-goethite composite film was carried out in an ambient air at room temperature under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. The properties of composite films were compared with those of the pure PE films and the PE-goethite composite films through performing weight loss monitoring, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photo-induced degradation of PE-B-goethite composite films was higher than that of the pure PE films and the PE-goethite composite films under the UV-irradiation, while there has been little change under the visible light irradiation. The weight loss of the PE-B-goethite (0.4 wt.%) composite film reached 12.6% under the UV-irradiation for 300 h. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the composite films was briefly discussed.     

卤氧化铋与半导体光催化剂偶合研究新进展

两种半导体耦合能够形成异质结而使系统的电荷分离效率得到提高,扩展对光谱吸收范围,以便提高其光催化性能。半导体耦合在制备过程中容易受到制备方法、反应温度等影响,引起耦合半导体晶体结构和表面性质发生变化,从而使得其光催化量子效率增大。主要从以下三个方面进行了论述,(1) 卤氧化铋-氧化物偶合体系, 将半导体材料与BiOX进行复合,能够形成高效异质结型结构能提高光催化降解污染物光催化性能; (2)AgX-BiOX偶合体系, 与纯净的AgI或BiOI相比,复合光催化材料AgI/BiOI在可见光下具有更高的光催化反应活性。(3)卤氧化铋与其它化合物偶合体系,Bi₂S₃与BiOX进行偶合后,光生电子在两种催化剂中进行迁移,提高了电子与空穴分离效率,因而偶合物的光催化性能得到提高。另外,本文综述了近年来国内外半导体耦合制备方法、影响其光催化性能的因素、提高可见光利用效率的最新研究进展,并提出在半导体耦合研究中所要解决的主要问题及今后努力方向。     

Synthesis of ZnO-SnO2 composite oxides by CTAB-assisted co-precipitation and photocatalytic properties

ZnO-SnO₂ composite oxides with various molar ratios of Sn:Zn have been synthesized at different calcination temperatures via a facile cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-assisted co-precipitation method with Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O and SnCl₄·5H₂O as starting materials. XRD, TEM, SEM and BET were employed to characterize the as-prepared samples. It has been found that amorphous intermediates appear between the evolutions of ZnO and SnO₂ crystals. The photocatalytic properties of the composite oxides were investigated using photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange as the probe reaction. The results show that the ZnO-SnO₂ composite oxide with a cube morphology exhibits the best photocatalytic activity, which was prepared with a molar ratio of Zn:Sn of 2:1 and calcination temperature of 700 °C.     

Synthesis,characterization and excellent photocatalytic activity of Ag/AgBr/MoO3 composite photocatalyst

A novel composite photocatalyst Ag/AgBr/MoO₃ was successfully synthesized via a simple precipitation method at room temperature. The obtained products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in detail. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by monitoring the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) solution under visible-light irradiation. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of Ag/AgBr/MoO₃ composite significantly enhanced and the degradation ratio of RhB reached 97.7 % after 15 min only. The excellent photocatalytic activity might be closely related to the large surface area, porosity structure and efficient separation of photoinduced electron–hole pairs. The possible reaction mechanism was also discussed.     

Chitosan-Zinc Oxide hybrid composite for enhanced dye degradation and antibacterial activity

In this report, chitosan (CS) encapsulated zinc oxide (ZnO) hybrid composite was prepared by chemical precipitation method. The CS-ZnO composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy, and zeta potential. The composite exhibited high photocatalytic activity as evident from the degradation of methylene blue dye under UV irradiation. Approximately, 64% of the dye was degraded under UV irradiation within 3?h. In addition, the CS-ZnO composite showed excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli as measured by colony forming units. Based on the data of present investigation, the composite being a biocompatible, eco-friendly, and low-cost material could find potential applications in various fields.