高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病RT-PCR快速鉴别诊断方法的建立与临床应用

根据高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)Nsp2基因的缺失信息,设计了3条特异性引物,以含高致病性PRRSV Nsp2基因的质粒pMDNSP2及普通PRRSV VR2332株RNA为模板,建立了快速诊断高致病性PRRSV RT-PCR方法.通过对临床组织病料的总RNA进行不同稀释倍数检测,结果表明该方法能从0.265 pg的总RNA中检测到PRRSV的基因,说明敏感性高.用该方法对猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、Ⅱ型圆环病毒(PCV-2)、伪狂犬病病毒(PRV),链球菌(Streptococcus)、副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis)和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)同条件检测,结果都为阴性.进一步对36份疑似高致病性PRRSV临床组织病料细胞培养物、2株PRRSV商品活疫苗以及52个猪场所送检的184份临床样品进行了检测应用,结果36份疑似高致病性PRRSV临床组织病料的细胞培养物有5份样品为阳性且都为高致病性PRRSV,2株PRRSV商品活疫苗为普通PRRSV,52个猪场中有42个猪场(123份样品)呈阳性,其中只有1份为普通PRRSV.实验表明该方法能够准确地鉴别诊断高致病性PRRSV和普通PRRSV,且具有快速,敏感和特异的特点,具有临床实用性.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒和盖他病毒双重RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

盖他病毒(Getah virus,GETV)可感染猪并引起和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,PRRS)相类似的临床表现,且两者可混合感染而难以区分。我国检测PRRSV和其他诸多病毒的多重PCR文献已比比皆是,但尚无同时检测PRRSV和GET V方法的报道。为此,作者根据GenBank中公布的PRRSV和GETV全基因序列,设计了两对分别扩增PRRSV ORF7基因和GETV Cap基因片段的引物,通过反应条件的优化及特异性、灵敏性和重复性试验,首次建立了可同时检测PRRSV和GETV的双重RT-PCR方法。结果显示,该方法可以同时扩增出PRRSV 633 bp和GETV 316 bp的特异性片段,而对猪瘟病毒等其他相关病毒扩增结果均为阴性。对GETV和PRRSV的cDNA最低检测量分别为2.48×10~(-4)ng和2.50×10~(-5)ng。用建立的双重RTPCR方法对河南15个地市92个猪场的136份临床疑似PRRS发病猪样品进行检测,共从58个猪场检出PRRSV单一阳性样品44份,阳性率为32.4%;GETV单一阳性样品7份,阳性率为5.15%;GETV和PRRSV混合感染样品8份,阳性率为5.88%。检测结果与单一RT-PCR结果吻合率达100%。该方法为GETV和PRRSV的快速检测、鉴别诊断和分子流行病学研究等提供了新的技术手段。     

表达PRRSV M蛋白重组腺病毒的构建及其免疫特性研究

本研究通过RT-PCR方法扩增猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)S1株的M蛋白基因,将其克隆重组到人 血清5型腺病毒载体中,转染293细胞,制备重组腺病毒rAd-M。RT-PCR和IFA方法鉴定,结果表明rAd-M可表 达M基因的mRNA和M蛋白。纯化的rAd-M重组腺病毒经293细胞连续传25代,滴度稳定为107.8 TCID50／ mL。动物免疫试验结果表明,该重组腺病毒rAd-M能够刺激机体产生PRRSV的特异性抗体免疫和细胞免疫应 答反应,从而为PRRSV结构蛋白功能及其基因工程疫苗研究奠定了基础。     

表达PRRSV M蛋白重组腺病毒的构建及其免疫特性研究

本研究通过RT-PCR方法扩增猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)S1株的M蛋白基因,将其克隆重组到人血清5型腺病毒载体中,转染293细胞,制备重组腺病毒rAd-M.RT-PCR和IFA方法鉴定,结果表明rAd-M可表达M基因的mRNA和M蛋白.纯化的rAd-M重组腺病毒经293细胞连续传25代,滴度稳定为107.8TCID50/mL.动物免疫试验结果表明,该重组腺病毒rAd M能够刺激机体产生PRRSV的特异性抗体免疫和细胞免疫应答反应,从而为PRRSV结构蛋白功能及其基因工程疫苗研究奠定了基础.     

猪生殖和呼吸综合征病毒B13株ORF7基因的克隆及在杆状病毒系统中的表达

利用单管RT-PCR方法扩增猪生殖和呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）分离株B     

PRRSV核衣壳蛋白(N蛋白)的克隆及其原核表达

目的:采用基冈工程手段表达PRRSV VR 2332菌株的核农壳蛋白(N蛋白).方法:利用RT-PCR方法扩增出猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)VR 2332菌株的核衣壳蛋白(N蛋白)基冈并将其克降到原核表达载pET30a( )上,得到重组质粒rpEI30a-PRRSV/N,并将其转入受体菌E.coli B121(DE3)pLysS感受态细胞中,经IPTG诱导,通过SDS-PAGE电泳检测和Western blotting分析表达产物的特性.结果:SDS-PAGE电泳检测和Western blotting分析结果表明,表达的蛋白大小约为19kDa,符合预期结果,并能与抗PRRSV N蛋白的单克隆抗体发生特异性反应,说明表达的蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,可应用于临床PRRSV抗体的检测.结论:在大肠杆菌表达系统内成功表达了PRRSV核农壳蛋白(N蛋白).     

应用RT-PCR检测流产胎儿组织中猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒

根据猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)美洲型膜蛋白和核衣壳蛋白基因序列,设计了一对含有EcoR I和BamH I酶切位点的引物,用RT-PCR对四个流产猪场的病料进行了检测,扩增出约918 bp的基因片段.通过病毒分离、酶切鉴定和序列分析证实为PRRSV感染.结果说明应用所设计的引物进行RT-PCR快速检测PRRS是可行的,为我国快速特异诊断PRRS和PRRSV强毒株的深入研究奠定了基础.     

重组腺病毒载体表达的α干扰素对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒复制的抑制作用

目的:研究猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)新的防治方法.方法:利用表达猪α干扰素的重组腺病毒(rAd-IFNα),通过病毒滴度、间接免疫荧光试验和实时定量RT-PCR检测,在Marc-145细胞上观察其对高致病性PRRSV SY0608株的复制抑制作用.结果:将rAd-IFNα接种细胞后24h,再感染PRRSV,可以有效阻止PRRSV造成的细胞病变,PRRSV滴度和mRNA水平明显降低;该抑制作用随rAd-IFNα接种剂量的增加而增强,但随病毒培养时间延长而逐渐减弱.此外,将PRRSV感染细胞后24h,再接种rAd-IFNα,仍可以有效降低PRRSV滴度和mRNA水平,并且rAd-IFNα对PRRSV传统毒株S1株同样具有明显的抑制作用.结论:rAd-IFNα可以有效抑制PRRSV在Marc-145细胞上复制,为PRRSV的防治提供了理论依据.     

猪圆环病毒2型、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒及猪细小病毒混合感染的流行病学调查

根据GenBank上发表的PRRSV ORF7、PPV VP2及PCV的基因组序列设计合成引物,建立了分别用于检测PRRSV、PPV和PCV的RT-PCR、PCR及复合PCR方法.应用建立的复合PCR方法对送检的127份病料进行了PCV的检测,对鉴定为PCV2阳性的67份病料再分别进行PRRSV和PPV的检测,以确定猪群中PCV2与PRRSV和/或PPV混合感染情况,结果表明,35份样品表现为PRRSV与PCV2混合感染,占样品总数的52.3%;18份样品表现为PCV2与PPV混合感染,占26.9%.另外,还有一定比例的三重感染,共5个样品,占7.5%.由此可见,猪群中PCV2与PRRSV及PPV混合感染比较普遍.     

3′非翻译区靶向人工微小RNA对PRRSV在猪肺巨噬细胞中复制的抑制作用（英文）北大核心CSCD

【目的】研究重组腺病毒(rAd)传送的3′非翻译区(UTR)靶向amiR3UTR对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)在猪肺巨噬细胞(PAM)中复制的抑制作用。【方法】用表达amiR3UTR或对照amiRcon的腺病毒载体转染AAV-293细胞,获得rAd-amiR3UTR-GFP和rAd-amiRcon-GFP,用定量RT-PCR检测amiR3UTR在rAd转导细胞中的表达,用定量RT-PCR、Western blotting和病毒滴定检测amiR3UTR对PRRSV复制的抑制作用。【结果】原代PAM及其细胞系3D4/163均能被rAd-amiR3UTR-GFP转导,但前者转导效率很低;rAd-amiR3UTR-GFP转导细胞能有效表达amiR3UTR,且表达具有剂量和时间依赖性;rAd表达的amiR3UTR能显著抑制不同毒株PRRSV在PAM细胞中的复制,且抑制作用具有剂量依赖性。【结论】amiR3UTR能抑制不同毒株PRRSV在PAM中的复制,其rAd有望作为抗PRRSV新策略进行深入研究。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000