生成轨道角动量的紧凑型圆极化圆环组贴片天线

可用于无线通信具有轨道角动量(OAM)的涡旋电磁波因其可在同一频率上同时传输多个信号而备受关注。然而,大多数产生OAM的方法结构较复杂或成本较高。文中创新性地提出一种产生OAM由三个圆环形贴片组成的贴片天线,这种圆环组贴片天线要优于之前提出过的相控天线阵列等,它结构简易紧凑且易于实现,较大地节约了经济成本。每个圆环贴片都可产生不同特定模式的圆极化电磁波,通过不同模式电磁波的组合进而产生具有OAM的涡旋电磁波。在对所提出的圆环组贴片天线进行理论分析的基础上,通过模拟仿真得到的结果比较理想,进而验证了该圆环组贴片天线的创新性。     

宽频多模态涡旋电磁波超表面设计

针对超表面产生OAM(轨道角动量)涡旋电磁波模态单一的问题,提出了一种宽频带多波束多模态OAM波束超表面的设计方法。采用方形开口环结构,优化几何参数,通过开口尺寸的变化构建8个3-bit 数字编码单元。利用矢量叠加原理,由产生单一模态OAM波束所需的相移得到多模态涡旋波束的超表面相位分布。采用天线阵列理论可直接求得超表面的远场方向图,并与全波仿真结果进行对比。研究结果表明,利用该方法设计的超表面,能够同时生成多个OAM波束,并且每个波束的辐射方向和OAM 模态可根据实际需求进行设定。设计的超表面还具有电尺寸小、剖面低和工作频带宽等优点,在无线通信领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

基于圆形阵列的OAM波束产生系统设计与实现

针对目前轨道角动量(Orbital Angular Momentum,OAM)波束发生器模态单一、设计复杂等问题,设计并实现了一种在X频段内产生可调OAM波束的均匀圆形阵列天线。天线为半径60 mm 的圆盘,由8个阵元组成,阵元采用微带天线设计,同轴馈电,在中心频率处回波损耗达-51.5 dB ,S 11 < -10 dB 的工作带宽为9.6~10.5 GHz 。仿真和实测结果表明,天线可通过调节相位产生7种不同模态的涡旋电磁波,产生OAM为+1的涡旋电磁波纯度可达90%。通过误差分析发现,低模态数的涡旋电磁波对幅度和相位误差具有很好的抗干扰能力,这为利用涡旋电磁波实现目标探测和提高信道容量奠定了基础。     

基于5GHz无线频段的环形OAM微带阵列天线设计

频谱资源短缺和频谱利用率低已成为阻碍无线通信技术与物联网发展的重要因素,轨道角动量(OAM)作为一种可用于无线通信的新技术,引起了人们的广泛关注。文中提出一种基于5 GHz无线频段的环形OAM微带阵列天线,并设计了由物理长度可变移相器和U型移相器构成的馈电网络。解释了辐射阵元间馈电相位差的具体实现,分析了阵列天线的相关性能参数。仿真结果表明,阵列天线辐射出的OAM波束具有明显的螺旋相位波前结构,能够产生稳定的OAM涡旋电磁波。此阵列天线结构简单且易于加工,对解决未来无线电通信系统中信道容量需求与频谱资源短缺的矛盾具有一定的参考价值。     

模态波束双可重构OAM发生器的研究

针对圆环形阵列天线产生轨道角动量(orbital angular momentum, OAM)涡旋波的技术, 提出了宽带圆极化单臂螺旋天线(single-arm spiral antenna, SASA)构成的机械可重构圆环形阵列天线, 并深入研究了OAM涡旋波的模态检测和收发情况.利用SASA的相位特性, 调控各阵元绕自身轴线的旋转角度, 可灵活控制OAM涡旋波的主波束辐射方向.该设计可实现OAM模态和涡旋波辐射方向双可重构调控特性, 并根据SASA的旋转角方向实现左旋圆极化或右旋圆极化OAM涡旋波.实验加工并测试了该可重构圆环形OAM阵列天线, 验证了该思想和方法的正确性和有效性.     

基于多环结构的八模态涡旋波微带天线

介绍了一种多模态涡旋电磁波单元天线设计方法.利用四个同心短路圆环微带贴片产生八模态的涡旋电磁波波束.该单元天线结构简单,尺寸小.仿真与实验结果表明,八个模态（l=±1,±2,±3,±4）均拥有良好的涡旋相位特性,相应阶数的单元增益分别为4.8 dBi,4.1 dBi,5.1 dBi,5.3 dBi,各模态的阻抗带宽均大于100 MHz.该天线为多模涡旋电磁波应用提供了一种新的可能.     

涡旋电磁波无线通信技术发展综述

由于携带轨道角动量(Orbital Angular Momentum,OAM),涡旋电磁波具有螺旋相位结构以及不同模态相互正交的空间性质,因此将其应用于无线通信技术领域以提升频谱利用率以及通信容量受到学界关注。介绍了涡旋电磁波的结构以及特殊性质,总结了近几年国内外涡旋电磁波在天线技术的进展并对比了各类天线性能,分析了涡旋电磁波在多输入多输出、复杂环境传输以及模态混叠检测领域的不足与发展态势,指出了未来基于涡旋电磁波无线通信发展的方向以及挑战。     

基于多模态OAM涡旋电磁波的L波段宽频阵列天线设计

频谱资源紧缺已成为无线通信技术发展的瓶颈．本文通过控制阵元间馈电相位差将轨道角动量（orbit-al angular momentum）技术应用于阵列天线中,利用L型探针馈电微带贴片天线沿圆周等距排列设计出一种工作频段在1．35GHz～1．86GHz,相对带宽达到31．8％的8阵元涡旋电磁波宽频微带天线．仿真实验表明,该天线可以产生具有多模态轨道角动量的涡旋电磁波,当用于移动通信系统的发射端,它能够实现在同一时间、同一频率下的多路信号传输,提高了系统的容量和传输速率．     

X波段下产生涡旋电磁波的阵列天线设计

随着无线通信应用的飞速发展,频谱资源日益紧张,射频频谱资源已日趋香农极限。为解决这个问题,无线通信中引入了携有轨道角动量(Orbital Angular Momentum,OAM)的涡旋电磁波,以有效提高频谱利用率。微带天线阵技术是产生涡旋电磁波常用的方法之一,以同轴馈电的矩形微带天线为阵元,设计了阵元数目分别为6,8,12的3种环形阵列天线,来产生携带有轨道角动量的涡旋电磁波。分析了不同轨道角动量模式数下,涡旋电磁波辐射能量和最大增益辐射角度变化情况。利用Ansoft HFSS仿真软件,在中心频率10 GHz处,比较了阵元数目对电磁波的涡旋特性影响。仿真结果表明,更多数量的天线阵列产生的涡旋电磁波涡旋性能更好。     

基于多极矩展开的双模涡旋波束综合北大核心CSCD

为了增加通信系统传输容量,提高频谱效率,本文提出了一种利用多极矩展开（MME）产生携带两种不同模态轨道角动量（OAM）的涡旋电磁波的方向图综合方法。以同轴馈电的贴片天线为阵元,通过构建一个两环的同心圆环天线阵列,在保持内外环半径与激励幅值比不变的条件下来产生所需的涡旋波束。仿真结果表明,利用多极矩展开方法产生的OAM模态分别为1和2的涡旋波束的主瓣范围符合预期,同时旁瓣电平最高仅为-13.8dB。该研究为雷达成像、无线通信等领域的进一步发展提供了参考依据。     

涡旋电磁波轨道角动量模态抗干扰性能分析

The electromagnetic vortex wave has demonstrated excellent research value with potential applications in the fields of wireless communication and radar detection and imaging due to its unusual electromagnetic field distribution and theoretically infinite orthogonal Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) modes. This study analyzes the anti-interference performance of OAM modes in the electromagnetic vortex Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver link primarily from the perspective of the electromagnetic vortex field distributions in space and the OAM modes orthogonality. Planar antenna arrays are designed to generate the electromagnetic vortex beams with respective OAM modes of and in the C band, and the corresponding RF transceiver links are established. The OAM modes’ anti-interference properties under different interference situations are analyzed in the electromagnetic vortex RF transceiver link by using a horn antenna as the interference source. Meanwhile, the corresponding OAM mode spectrum and the OAM modes’ orthogonality are employed as the primary methods in our analysis. Finally, the designed antenna models are fabricated, and the electromagnetic vortex RF transceiver links are measured. The corresponding analyses and conclusions are presented in this study. The OAM modes’ anti-interference performance analysis in the vortex electromagnetic wave’s RF transceiver link can provide a reference for exploring and designing a vortex electromagnetic wave in wireless communication and radar detection and imaging research.      

Analysis and design of aperture-coupled microstrip patch antennasand arrays fed by dielectric image line

This paper presents the analysis and design of aperture-coupled microstrip patch antennas and arrays fed by an dielectric image line. A theory based on the cavity model of the microstrip patch antenna and the change in the modal voltage of the image line at the aperture was developed to analyze the single element aperture-coupled microstrip patch antenna. The theory developed was combined with the array theory to design linear traveling wave arrays at X-band and Ka-band frequencies. The required taper in the excitations of the individual patches of the array was achieved by varying the aperture dimensions. Experiments show very good results for the antennas and the arrays     

基于超表面的低雷达散射截面宽频贴片阵列天线设计

该文设计了一种基于超表面(MS)的低雷达散射截面(RCS)宽频贴片阵列天线。该天线由工作在不同频段的两种开缝贴片天线组成2×4的八元阵,以此实现天线小型化并扩展其带宽,根据相位相消原理,将两种人工磁导体(AMC)以棋盘布阵的方式组成超表面加载到天线阵周围,使其具有低RCS特性。实测和仿真结果表明:加载超表面后,天线工作带宽由5.7~6.2 GHz扩展为5.6~6.6 GHz,相对带宽增大1倍,辐射特性基本保持不变;当平面波垂直入射时,天线单站RCS减缩效果明显,其中,X极化波下3 dB减缩带宽为5.3~7.0 GHz,最大减缩量达31 dB,Y极化波下3 dB减缩带宽为5.8~6.9 GHz。     

Radiation modes in circular patch antennas

We have formulated exact solutions of the normal modes in the microstrip patch antenna possessing circular geometry. The theory makes use of a new Green's function in conjunction with current potential analysis. The calculations demonstrate that the magnetic wall confinement boundary conditions as formulated in past theories hold approximately true if the surface wave loss is minimal compared to other losses: dielectric loss, conductor loss, and radiation loss. For practical path antennas the normal modes are not confined locally near the microstrip patch. Rather, they are composed of propagation surface waves which extend far beyond the region containing the patch antenna. We term these normal modes as leaky modes, since they resemble the leaky modes found in dielectric image guides. Measurements by us of the radiation mode frequencies and the intrinsic Q-values of the microstrip patch antennas compared very well with theory     

涡旋电磁波无线通信技术的研究进展

It is known from electromagnetic momentum that electromagnetic waves can carry Spin Angular Momentum (SAM) related to polarization and Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) related to the trajectory of the Poynting vector. When OAM is not zero, the wave-front electric field distribution of the electromagnetic wave is vortex-like and has the characteristic of propagating along the axial direction. Therefore, this electromagnetic wave is aptly named vortex electromagnetic wave. Based on the mathematical model of the plane electromagnetic wave field, the researchers introduce a Fourier factor that uses the topological charge (also called mode) of the OAM as a parameter to describe the field of the vortex electromagnetic wave. Therefore, the wave-front of the vortex electromagnetic wave with a “polarization” pattern associated with topological charge, the use of polarization patterns of vortex electromagnetic waves in different modes can further increase the spectrum effect of the wireless communication system. Studies show that although it is feasible to generate "planar" vortex electromagnetic wave beams from Uniform Circular Array (UCA) arrays in an open environment, to obtain modal multiplexing gain, and it is necessary to explore vortex electromagnetic wave beams based on orthogonal phase sequences distributed on a unit circle in the complex plane. At the same time, the paper also investigates the current research status of compatibility between OAM and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems in the field of radio frequency.     

Polarization Modulation for Wireless Communications Based on Metasurfaces

As an alternative to conventional wireless communication techniques that use amplitude, frequency, and phase modulations, polarization modulation (PoM) provides an additional degree of freedom for the modulation of carrier waves and allows the realization of simple transceiver designs. PoM also enhances physical-layer security in wireless communication systems owing to its vector-attribute and direction-dependence features. In this study, a prototype of PoM wireless communications based on a digital coding metasurface that can dynamically control the polarization of electromagnetic waves in a certain frequency band is demonstrated. The binary digital signals can be encoded on the optical rotation states of the circularly polarized beams through the real-time control of the bias voltages applied on the metasurface and successfully decoded at the receiving end. Because the metasurface is separated from the emitting antenna, the design can simplify the setup for multichannel communications and provide more flexibility by setting the emitting antennas at different operating frequencies at any time.     

一种采用吸波透波超表面的天线RCS宽带减缩新方法

设计了一款具有吸波/透波双重特性的超表面,并将其用于微带天线的覆层,实现天线雷达散射截面(radar cross section, RCS)的宽带减缩. 将传统的结构性吸波材料金属单元用氮化钽材料置换,提升了吸波带宽. 同时,将吸波材料与频率选择表面相结合,实现了覆层对于不同来波方向的电磁波分别呈现吸波/透波两种截然不同的电磁特性. 将覆层置于天线上方,当天线工作时,天线辐射的电磁波可以完美穿过覆层,因此对于天线的辐射特性不会造成影响. 当雷达波照射至天线时,覆层所呈现的宽带吸波特性可最大程度降低天线的RCS. 仿真结果表明:使用本文所设计的吸波/透波超表面作为天线覆层时,天线的辐射特性几乎未发生变化;而天线的单站RCS最大减缩量可达20 dB以上,减缩带宽可达5～19 GHz;同时,天线的单、双站RCS在较宽的角度范围内也得到明显的缩减.     

Optimized planar printed UCA configurations for OAM waves and the associated OAM mode content at the receiver

Utilization of planar printed uniform circular antenna arrays (UCA) to generate the orbital angular momentum (OAM) carrying waves in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency band is advantageous from the viewpoints of easy signal modulation and mode reconfiguration, low cost, low profile, and straightforward integration with the existing broadband wireless infrastructure. The OAM mmWave UCA are highly promising as the enablers of very high transmission data rates required by hybrid 5G/6G optical and wireless communication systems by complementing and enhancing other technologies currently in use. Therefore, we here contribute a detailed electromagnetic analysis of important constraints of such antenna arrangements aimed at short-range multimode OAM wave transmission. We investigate (i) the required antenna array dimensions and optimized UCA arrangements for a particular link range and (ii) the corresponding mode structure of OAM waves in the plane of receiving arrays. Four relatively simple antenna configurations operating in the 60-GHz band are compared. Theoretical assumptions based on ideal OAM modes are critically assessed and, using state-of-the-art numerical electromagnetic analysis, compared to realistically generated OAM waves. The proposed “cyclic transmission setup” resulted in much lower unwanted field components in the region of receiving arrays. RMS magnitudes of unwanted modes are on average about 64% of the received mode, in comparison with 80% (up to 94%) for sequential transmission. The observed mode impurities and mode mixing effects at the receiver indicate the need to dedicate more attention to the system-level design, the development of efficient receiving arrays, the MIMO processing, and the stream separation.