预置双穿刺径路技术在经皮肾镜取石术治疗鹿角形肾结石中的应用

目的:评价预置双穿刺径路技术在经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)治疗鹿角形肾结石中的应用价值。方法:选择72例单侧鹿角形肾结石患者,采用64排螺旋CT平扫并进行结石三维重建,初步判断至少需要建立双通道,根据重建结果设定两个穿刺目标肾盏。患者均接受B超引导下主通道F22PCNL,必要时行F16MPCNL,记录手术时间、穿刺通道位置及数目、输血例数以及并发症。术后采用CT扫描判断有无结石残留。结果:术中实际穿刺肾盏与术前根据CT三维重建结果设计的目标肾盏完全一致,建立多通道数目与术前预测符合率为79.2%(57/72);一期手术结石取净率为70.8%(51/72),二期或多期结石取净率为81.9%(59/72)。结论:螺旋CT三维重建技术可形象直观地显示结石的立体结构,指导术前穿刺通道的选择、术中结石寻找,预置双穿刺径路技术可降低手术难度,提高结石清除率。     

CT三维重建联合肾脏血管造影在经皮肾镜取石术治疗鹿角形肾结石中的应用研究

目的探讨螺旋CT三维重建联合肾脏血管造影(CTA)在经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)治疗鹿角形肾结石的可行性及临床效果。方法本组34例鹿角形肾结石均行经皮肾镜取石术,观察手术时间、术中失血量、结石清除率。结果全部手术均取得成功,无严重并发症发生。手术耗时1.0～2.5h,平均1.5h。出血量30～300ml,平均112±30ml。总结石清除率91.4%。结论 CT三维重建联合肾脏CTA可提供肾盂肾盏集合系统、肾实质血管分布的清晰图像,并可发现结石和明确结石与肾盂肾盏集合系统的关系,可在术前发现肾动静脉瘘。与静脉尿路造影相比较,三维CT重建更有利于确定经皮肾穿刺的部位及穿刺通道选择。对于鹿角形肾结石,CT三维重建联合肾脏CTA应该成为经皮肾镜取石术前一种常规的影像学定位方法。     

CT三维重建辅助鹿角形肾结石经皮肾镜取石术中穿刺定位

目的探讨螺旋CT三维重建技术辅助鹿角形肾结石经皮肾镜取石术中穿刺定位的可行性及临床效果。方法本组82例鹿角形肾结石均行经皮肾镜取石术,术前随机分为CT三维重建组（3DCT实验组）37例和静脉泌尿系造影组（IVU对照组）45例。观察手术时间、术中失血量、穿刺通道数目和结石清除率。结果全部手术均取得成功,无严重并发症发生。3DCT实验组手术时间98±27.3min,术中失血量127.1±34.5ml,穿刺通道数目1.3±0.2个,结石清除率92.8％;IVU对照组手术时间127.3±26.7min,术中失血量131.2±36.5ml,穿刺通道数目1.7±0.3个,结石清除率84.2％。两组的失血量差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而实验组结石清除率高于对照组,手术时间和穿刺通道数目少于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论CT尿路造影可提供肾盂肾盏集合系统的清晰图像,并可发现结石和明确结石与肾盂肾盏集合系统关系,与静脉泌尿系造影相比较,三维CT重建更有利于确定经皮肾穿刺的部位。因此,对于鹿角形。肾结石,CT三维重建应该成为经皮肾镜取石术前一种常规的影像学定位方法。     

CT三维视频影像在鹿角形肾结石腔内治疗中的应用

目的探讨鹿角形肾结石腔内治疗中CT三维视频影像技术的应用价值。方法 46例鹿角形肾结石患者行双肾64排螺旋CT平扫,以Vitrea 2图形数据处理软件进行重建并合成为三维视频影像,根据结石空间分布关系设计并建立PCNL通道进行腔内碎石取石术,预测结石可能残留的数目和部位。结果 46例(52侧肾)鹿角形肾结石患者根据CT三维视频影像建立PCNL通道,一期结石临床清除率为61.5%(32/52),结合二期取石及体外震波碎石,84.6%(44/52)可获临床治愈。术后残余结石与术前根据CT三维影像预测的残余结石基本符合。46例无严重并发症发生。结论 CT三维视频影像清晰显示鹿角形肾结石的三维空间结构,有助于鹿角形肾结石PCNL通道设计及预测残余结石的部位和数目,提高了鹿角形肾结石PCNL结石清除率和手术安全性。     

集合系统CT三维重建精准指导经皮肾镜手术目标肾盏选择和穿刺的临床研究

目的探讨集合系统CT三维重建帮助经皮肾镜手术(PCNL)精准进行目标肾盏选择和目标肾盏穿刺的可行性和安全性。方法肾结石PCNL患者196例,均行术前腹部泌尿系平片(KUB)、静脉肾盂造影(IVU)、CT平扫和增强扫描,分别获取肾结石、集合系统及肾脏周围器官的CT三维影像,在集合系统三维重建后面观影像上确定最佳PCNL目标肾盏,将确定的目标肾盏通过影像转化技术标识在IVU影像上,C臂机引导下穿刺该目标肾盏建立手术通道。结果所有PCNL手术均按术前的规划实现了精准穿刺目标肾盏建立手术通道,196例患者术中、术后无严重出血、邻近器官损伤等并发症,均未输血。鹿角形肾结石手术无石率为88%,肾盂肾盏结石94.1%。结论通过对影像的技术转化,将CT集合系统三维重建确定的目标肾盏准确标识在IVU影像上,指导PCNL术中对目标肾盏进行精准选择和精准穿刺,建立更加安全的手术通道,最大程度降低PCNL出血和器官损伤等并发症。     

CT平扫轴向旋转视频显像在复杂性肾结石经皮肾镜取石术中的应用

目的 探讨CT平扫轴向旋转视频显像在复杂性肾结石经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)中的应用价值. 方法 伴轻、中度肾积水的铸型多发性肾结石患者33例,单侧31例、双侧2例.术前行双肾64层螺旋CT平扫,经三维重建后合成轴向旋转视频影像,根据影像显示的结石空间分布关系,测量PCNL通道与目标肾小盏的角度,了解通道的有效覆盖范围,据此设计PCNL通道人路和数目、预测结石可能残余的数目和部位并与手术结果比较. 结果 经后组中上小盏建立第一通道22侧肾,经后组中下小盏建立第一通道13侧肾,与术前视频显像设计一致,经下盏后上小盏为第二通道入路9侧肾,经下盏后下小盏为第二通道入路5侧肾,一期行PCNL,结石清除率为80%(28/35),7侧肾残余结石与术前视频显像预测的残余结石相符.术中、术后无大出血及其他严重并发症发生.结论双肾CT平扫轴向旋转视频显像可直观地提供结石形态和空间分布等信息,有助于设计PCNL通道入路及数目,指导结石寻找,预测残余结石数目与部位,有利于复杂性肾结石PCNL结石清除和手术安全性.     

术前CT平扫在经皮肾镜取石术治疗鹿角形肾结石中的意义

目的:评估术前CT平扫在经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)治疗鹿角形肾结石中的意义。方法:将2013年1月~2013年12月收治的68例阳性鹿角形肾结石患者按是否术前行CT平扫分为传统检查组(传统组)34例及CT平扫组(CT组)34例,并将鹿角形结石分层,两组间结石最大直径匹配,以评估预期目标肾盏(首选肾盏)与实际穿刺中肾盏符合率、一期手术结石清除率指标,并进行对照研究。结果:传统组肾盏符合率为67.6%(23/34),一期手术结石清除率为38.2%(13/34),1例患者发生邻近组织脏器损伤;CT组肾盏符合率为88.2%(30/34),一期手术结石清除率为64.7%(22/34),没有邻近组织脏器损伤的发生。两组间的肾盏符合率和结石清除率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:术前CT平扫可提高目标肾盏与实际肾盏的符合率,提高PCNL治疗鹿角形肾结石的结石清除率,并可能减少邻近组织脏器损伤的发生。     

一期多通道PCNL治疗完全性鹿角形肾结石（“大家泌尿网”观看手术视频）

经皮肾镜碎石术(PCNL)是2cm以上肾结石的推荐治疗方案。完全性鹿角形肾结石体积大,存在肾盏结构复杂等问题,是结石领域治疗的难点。这类结石,往往一期单通道较难清除,一期多通道可以提高结石清除率,减少手术次数和降低医疗费用。本文就一期多通道PCNL治疗完全性鹿角形结石的技术要点和注意事项予以阐述,旨在提高鹿角形结石的手术疗效的发生,减少并发症。一期多通道PCNL对器械要求不高,一期结石清除率高,适合临床推广应用。     

CT三维重建辅助B超联合C型臂X光机术中定位PCNL治疗鹿角形肾结石的临床研究

目的:探讨CT三维重建辅助B超联合X线术中定位经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)治疗肾鹿角形结石的临床应用价值.方法:回顾性分析2016年6月-2019年6月在我院实施PCNL治疗的21例完全性鹿角形结石患者资料,所有患者术前均行结石CT三维重建,术中联合B超和X线定位穿刺建立通道,均建立16F或18F通道鞘.结果:21例患者...     

经皮肾镜取石术治疗鹿角形肾结石通道建立技巧的探讨

目的：探讨经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）治疗鹿角形肾结石术中穿刺点、穿刺径路的合理选择及扩张、通道建立的技巧。方法：总结在X线定位下PCNL治疗36例鹿角形肾结石患者的经皮肾通道建立与治疗效果。结果：Ⅰ期手术穿刺、通道建立、成功碎石率100％;Ⅰ～Ⅲ期结石完全清除率83．33％;单通道26例（72．22％）,双通道7例（19．44％）,三通道3例（8．33％）;无大出血、感染休克等严重并发症发生。结论：PCNL治疗鹿角形肾结石的第一个穿刺点首选中后组盏,径路应与目标盏长径相吻合;带鞘扩张时扩张器应进入集合系统内约2cm,退出扩张器直接完成通道建立;Ⅰ期建立单通道处理。肾盂、中组肾盏结石为主,Ⅱ期先经Ⅰ期通道处理上下盏残留结石,慎重建立第二、三条经皮肾通道。     

Multiple tracts percutaneous nephrolithotomy assisted by LithoClast master in one session for staghorn calculi: report of 117 cases

The objective of the study is to evaluate the safety, efficacy and outcome of multiple tracts percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) assisted by LithoClast master (the third-generation Electro Medical System) in one session for the treatment of staghorn calculi. From October 2011 to March 2013, 117 patients with staghorn calculi underwent multiple tracts PCNL in our hospital. The combined pneumatic and ultrasonic powered lithotripter (EMS LithoClast master) was used to fragment and remove the calculi. The data were retrospectively analyzed with regard to stone burden, number of tracts, operation time, total operative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, complications rate, and stone clearance rate. A total of 142 renal units in 117 patients (63 men and 54 women) were treated. Of the 142 renal units, 77 (54.2 %) had complete staghorn calculi, and 65 (45.8 %) had partial staghorn calculi. A total of 416 tracts were established in the 142 renal units. The mean number of tracts used in a single renal unit was 2.8 (range 2–4), most required three tracts. The mean (range) operating time is 72 (55–130) min. The mean (range) duration of postoperative hospital stay is 5.5 (3–9) days. Mean estimated operative blood loss is 150 (60–350) mL. The complications included blood transfusion in 9 (7.7 %) patients, high fever in 12 (10.3 %), sepsis in 5 (4.3 %), hydrothorax in 4 (3.4 %), and pseudoaneurysm in 3 (2.6 %). A complete stone clearance rate of 87.2 % (102/117) was achieved after one session of PCNL. This rate increased to 94.0 % after a secondlook procedure. In conclusion, multiple tracts PCNL assisted by EMS LithoClast master in one session is safe and effective in achieving a great stone clearance rate with acceptable morbidity for the treatment of staghorn calculi.     

孤立肾肾结石经皮肾镜取石术安全性分析

目的 探讨孤立肾肾结石经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)的安全性及临床疗效.方法 孤立肾合并肾结石患者156例,其中解剖性孤立肾35例,功能性孤立肾121例(对侧肾GFR＜10ml/min).肾功能异常71例(SCr＞115,μmol/L).鹿角状结石57例,多发结石83例,单发结石16例,其中有同侧开放手术史者11例.采用实时彩色多普勒超声引导穿刺,2步法扩张建立24 F标准通道,使用弹道联合超声碎石清石系统清除结石.结果 156例均一期建立通道.采用单通道143例(91.7%),双通道9例,三通道1例;多期多通道3例.平均手术时间(46.7±11.2)min,通道建立时间(4.5±0.8)min.术后实验室检查Hb平均下降5.3 g/L.输血5例,其中4例行超选择性肾动脉介入栓塞控制出血.71例肾功能异常者中34例(47.9%)术后SCr恢复到正常范围;SCr升高13例(18.3%),平均增高3%[(7.5±0.6)μmol/L].一期PCNL结石清除116例(74.4%),多期结石清除21例(13.5%).总体结石清除137例(87.8%).19例有残石者门诊行ESWL治疗或保守观察.未发生脏器损伤和感染性休克病例.结论 对于操作技术熟练的医生,功能性或解剖性孤立肾合并肾结石PCNL治疗安全、有效.     

复杂肾结石经皮肾镜取石术后结石残留的原因与处理

目的:探讨复杂肾结石PCNL术后结石残留的原因及处理方法.方法:回顾分析我院行二期PCNL取石的35例复杂肾结石患者的临床资料,既往有开放手术史17例,2例因术中出血影响视野改二期手术,合并肾盏憩室内结石2例.结果:除2例需辅助ESWL治疗外,其余33例在B超和输尿管镜辅助下,行二期PCNL全部成功取净残留结石.其中3例因残留结石所在肾盏位置远离经皮肾通道或在与皮肾通道平行的肾盏内,重新建立另一通道取石;1例行3通道取石.结论:术中出血、肾盏憩室内结石、既往开放手术史和肾内集合系统解剖异常,是PCNL术后结石残留的主要原因;术中B超及软镜的应用,可以清楚显示有无残留结石及其所在肾盏的位置;了解结石与经皮肾通道的位置关系,帮助引导最大限度地清除结石.     

Safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of paediatric urolithiasis

INTRODUCTION

Paediatric percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has revolutionised the treatment of paediatric nephrolithiasis. Paediatric PCNL has been performed using both adult and paediatric instruments. Stone clearance rates and complications vary according to the technique used and surgeon experience. We present our experience with PCNL using adult instruments and a 28Fr access tract for large renal calculi in children under 18 years.

METHODS

All patients undergoing PCNL at our institution between 2000 and 2009 were reviewed. Demographics, surgical details and post-operative follow-up information were obtained to identify stone clearance rates and complications.

RESULTS

PCNL was performed in 32 renal units in 31 patients (mean age: 10.8 years). The mean stone diameter was 19mm (range: 5–40mm). Twenty-six cases required single puncture and six required multiple tracts. Overall, 11 staghorn stones, 10 multiple calyceal stones and 11 single stones were treated. Twenty-seven patients (84%) were completely stone free following initial PCNL. Two cases had extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for residual fragments, giving an overall stone free rate of 91% following treatment. There was no significant bleeding or sepsis encountered either during the operation or in the post-operative setting. No patient required or received a blood transfusion.

CONCLUSIONS

Paediatric PCNL can be performed safely with minimal morbidity using adult instruments for large stone burden, enabling rapid and complete stone clearance.     

标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗上尿路开放手术后肾结石

目的 评价24 F标准通道经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)治疗上尿路开放手术后肾结石的有效性和安全性.方法 有上尿路开放手术史肾结石患者11例,平均年龄44岁.其中曾行肾实质或肾盂切开取石术5例、肾盂输尿管连接部成形术3例、上段输尿管切开取石术2例、肾部分切除术1例.左侧5例、右侧6例.结石单发2例、多发5例、鹿角状4例.结石体积1.7～47.1 crns.采用B超引导下穿刺,两步法建立24 F标准通道,超声碎石、清石系统粉碎并清除结石.结果 11例均成功建立通道并一期手术,其中单通道清除结石9例、双通道2例;经中组肾盏建立通道10例、经上盏2例、经下盏1例.平均手术时间(86.2±34.2)min,建立通道时间(14.1±11.O)min.一期手术结石清除率为91%(10/11).11例围手术期均未发生严重并发症.结论 B超引导下穿刺的24 F标准通道PCNL治疗上尿路开放手术后肾结石安全有效.     

Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy with multiple mini tracts in a single session in treating staghorn calculi

There has been continuing controversy regarding multiple tracts in a percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) session that may bring more complications, especially severe bleeding need for transfusion, even nephrectomy. Little tracts may bring less trauma to renal parenchyma than standard PCNL tracts. We carried minimally invasive PCNL (MPCNL) in treating staghorn calculi with multiple 16Fr percutaneous tracts in a single session, in an attempt to get high stone free with little trauma, and compared the morbidity of standard PCNL procedures in a prospective trial. A total of 54 consecutive patients with staghorn calculi were prospectively randomized for MPCNL (29) and PCNL (25). The size and location of stone, operative parameters, number of tracts, stone-free rate, operating time, hospital stay and complications were analyzed. In MPCNL group, a total of 67 percutaneous tracts were established in 29 renal units, while 28 tracts in 25 renal units in PCNL group. Compared to PCNL, MPCNL was associated with higher clearance rate (89.7 vs. 68%, p = 0.049), less chance need for adjunctive procedure of SWL or second-look PCNL (24.1 vs. 60%, p = 0.007), while a similar complication rate (37.9 vs. 52%, p = 0.300). In conclusion, with the development of instruments and increased experience, judiciously made multiple percutaneous tracts in a single session of MPCNL for treating staghorn calculi were safe, feasible and efficient with an acceptable morbidity.     

经皮肾镜碎石取石术治疗孤立肾结石的临床分析

目的 探讨经皮肾镜碎石取石术治疗孤立肾结石的临床疗效及分析手术并发症的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析本院2009年11月至2016年1月行经皮肾镜碎石取石术治疗的孤立肾结石患者,记录患者的一般资料、术中及术后情况,记录术前术后血红蛋白、血肌酐并进行比较;Logistic回归分析评估出血及手术并发症的相关危险因素.结果 本组32例,男性9例,女性23例,平均年龄47.75(29 ～ 67)岁,平均BMI 23.7(18.2 ～ 28.4) kg/m2,鹿角形结石1例,多发结石11例,平均结石含量501.25(300 ～ 800) mm2,Guys结石分级:1级11例(34.4％)、2级9例(28.1％)、3级11例(34.4％)、4级1例(3.1％).4例患者建立两个经皮肾通道;平均手术时间73.75(40 ～ 120) min,平均术中估计出血量85 (40～300)mL,26例患者结石完全清除,总的结石清除率81.25％.3例患者发生手术并发症.手术前后血红蛋白、血肌酐均未发生明显变化.Logistic回归分析提示多个经皮肾通道的建立增加出血风险,手术时间延长增加手术并发症的发生.结论 经皮肾镜碎石术治疗孤立肾结石排石率高、手术并发症少.多个经皮肾通道的建立增加手术出血风险.     

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for complete staghorn calculi in preschool children

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for the management of complete staghorn calculi in children 相似文献