植物油酸型Span-80的研制及应用研究

文章介绍了一种乳化炸药专用的植物油酸型Span-80复合乳化剂的制备原理、制备工艺及技术特点.该乳化剂是由植物油酸型Span-80和辅助剂复合而成.实验表明,该复合乳化剂能满足乳化炸药的爆炸性能和贮存稳定性,具有一定的经济效益.     

提高Span-80乳化剂透光率的实践

为适应 PP型乳化炸药现场混装车对油相计量的要求 ,针对 Span- 80乳化剂生产过程中产品透光率偏低的问题进行了试验研究 ,找到了提高 Span- 80乳化剂透光率的方法 ,并较成功地应用于生产实践。     

影响Span-80乳化性能因素分析

Span-80是目前通用的乳化剂,对它的几个指标进行优化研究,以期在生产及使用过程中进行质量控制,达到提高乳化炸药质量目的.结果认为,控制Span-80的羟值和粘度是提高乳化炸药质量的关键.     

一种新型乳化炸药专用乳化剂的研制

文章介绍了一种乳化炸药专用乳化剂的制备原理、制备工艺及技术特点。该乳化剂由Span-80和辅助剂复合而成。实验表明它能显著提高乳化炸药的乳化效率和储存稳定性，有良好的应用和发展前景。     

混合型乳化液膜对焦化废水中氨氮的处理

研究了Span-80、Tween-80和四氯化碳为主要原料制备的乳化液膜处理焦化废水,与以Span-80为单一表面活性剂制备的乳化液膜处理焦化废水进行比较.考察了乳化剂的类型、亲水-亲油平衡值、乳化剂用量、硫酸浓度等各种影响因素对氨氮去除率的影响,得出最佳条件:亲水-亲油平衡值(HLB)为5.19,乳化剂用量为0.8g,内相硫酸浓度为0.25mol/L,乳化液膜对于焦化废水中氨氮的去除率可达99.9%.同时,通过两种乳化液膜对焦化废水处理的比较说明,混合型乳化液膜对氨氮去除率要比单一型更好.     

Span-80甲基丙烯酸酯的合成及在乳化炸药中的运用

失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(Span-80)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为原料生成Span-80甲基丙烯酸酯:第一步将甲基丙烯酸滴加到二氯亚砜(SOCL2)的甲苯溶液中反应生成甲基丙烯酰氯,减压蒸馏除去甲苯和过量的二氯亚砜;第二步在冰盐浴的甲基丙烯酰氯中滴加Span-80和碳酸钠的乙醇溶液,得到产物Span-80甲基丙烯酸酯。产物通过傅立叶红外光谱进行表征,发现有酯基的特征吸收峰,说明发生了酯化反应。使用此种乳化剂制备的乳化炸药的爆轰性能符合要求,稳定性强于Span-80制备的乳化炸药。     

油酸来源对乳化剂Span-80性能影响的研究

结合国内油酸生产状况，对其组成结构进行了分析，考察了油酸来源对Span-80乳化剂性能的影响。     

丁二酰亚胺类乳化剂在乳化炸药中相容性的研究

文章对丁二酰亚胺类乳化剂在乳化炸药中的物理相容性和化学相容性两个方面进行了详细的研究,得出该类乳化剂在乳化炸药中与诸材料的相容性比常用的Span-80乳化剂更好的结论。     

Span-80和T-152对乳化炸药低温稳定性的影响

分别以Span-80、T-152为乳化剂制备乳胶基质和乳化炸药,在-30℃冷冻10天后通过水溶法测定它们的析晶率,并用显微镜观察两种乳胶基质。结果表明:用T-152制备的乳化炸药冷冻后的析晶率是用Span-80制备乳化炸药的3.57倍,前者的破乳程度高于后者。采用Chem3D软件的MM2分子动力学模块对Span-80和T-152分子进行Molecular Dynamics计算,模拟低温对乳化剂分子结构的影响,分析两种乳化剂制备的乳化炸药在低温下稳定性产生差异的原因。计算结果显示:-30℃时T-152分子失去立体结构,可能是用T-152制备的乳化炸药低温稳定性较差的主要原因。     

乳化剂HLB值对蜜胺树脂微胶囊团聚现象的影响

目的研究Span-80/Tween-80和SDBS/曲拉通X-100这2种复配乳化剂的不同HLB值(表面活性剂的亲水亲油平衡值)对正十四烷/蜜胺树脂微胶囊团聚现象的影响。方法调节2个系列复配乳化剂的HLB值,通过原位聚合法制备正十四烷/蜜胺树脂相变微胶囊。制备的相变微胶囊采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析法(TG)表征其化学结构、表面形貌和热学性能。结果使用Span-80/Tween-80复配乳化剂制备相变微胶囊,当Span-80/Tween-80复配乳化剂的HLB值为12.03时,微胶囊表面形貌和热性能良好,且团聚现象最少。使用SDBS/曲拉通X-100复配乳化剂制备微胶囊,当HLB值为12.78时,相变微胶囊的表面形貌、粒径分布和分散性均较好,团聚现象少,潜热较高,为135.6 J/g,热稳定性较好。结论乳化剂HLB值对蜜胺树脂相变微胶囊性能有重要影响。     

Effect of process parameters on surfactant-based synthesis of hydroxy sodalite particles

Hydroxy sodalite (HS) particles of different morphologies were synthesized by non-ionic surfactant-based water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion technique at 90 °C. Span 80 (HLB: 4.3), Span 20 (HLB: 8.6), and Tween 80 (HLB: 15) were used as nonionic surfactants. The effects of different surfactants as well as concentration and time variations of Span 80 on the synthesized particles were studied for understanding their crystallization and microstructural behaviors. The synthesized particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). FTIR and XRD studies confirmed the formation of HS particles under all the varied conditions. Urchin-shaped particles obtained from Span 80 disappeared with the formation of agglomerated particles consisting of rod-like grains and microspheres, and stone-like agglomerated particles from Span 20 and Tween 80-derived emulsions respectively with 1 wt.% concentration each in n-heptane. On the other hand, flower-like and nest-like morphologies of HS particles were obtained in presence of 1 wt.% Span 80 of the emulsion at 90 °C for 5 and 15 h, respectively.     

改性分散松香胶对纸模制品表观性能的影响

目的以HSCS-02型季铵型阳离子淀粉(CS)为阳离子助剂,山梨糖醇酐油酸酯(Span80)和聚氧乙烯(20)山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯(Tween60)为乳化剂,松香为基料来制作阳离子分散松香胶,研究在CS,Span80和Tween60的不同用量下,阳离子分散松香胶对纸浆模塑包装制品表观性能的影响。方法通过向熔融松香中滴加Span80,Tween60和糊化CS乳液,对松香进行乳化和改性,制作阳离子分散松香胶;通过浆内施胶工艺制作纸模试样,测定其表面摩擦因数和光泽度,用以评定纸模制品的表观性能。结果随着Span80,Tween60和CS用量的增加,试样的摩擦因数先降低后升高,光泽度先升高后降低。结论 HSCS-02型季铵型阳离子淀粉中的季铵基可以大大降低熔融松香与水之间的界面张力,并使含有松香粒子的乳液颗粒带正电荷,松香粒子更好地附着在呈阴离子性的纸浆纤维上,纸模的表观性能得到提高;但CS用量过多,会使纤维絮聚结块,降低纸模制品成型匀度,降低其表观性能,其最佳质量分数(相对于松香的质量分数)为20%;Span80和Tween60对松香具有较好的乳化作用,其最佳质量分数(相对于松香的质量分数)均为10%。     

Effects of surfactants on size and structure of amylose nanoparticles prepared by precipitation

The present work investigated the influence of surfactants on size and structure of amylose nanoparticles (ANPs) prepared through precipitation. ANPs were fabricated using absolute ethanol containing surfactants (Tween80, Span80 and mixtures of Tween80 and Span80 with ratios of 25/75, 50/50 and 75/25, respectively) as non-solvents. The obtained ANPs were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that surfactant type, concentration and hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) value had great impact on size of precipitated ANPs. The smallest ANPs with mean size of 155 nm determined by DLS were obtained by using 0.5% (in proportion of the amylose solution volume) of Tween80/Span80 mixture (HLB = 12.33). The precipitated ANPs possessed the V-type crystalline structure no matter whether using the surfactants or not.     

表面活性剂对聚苯胺类电流变体性能的影响

在制备了聚苯胺类电流变液的基础上，综合考察了Span80,MOA3和低分子聚乙二醇对体系分散稳定性和电流变效应的影响，进一步考察电流变液的介电和导电性能后，对实验结果做了深入的分析，认为向聚苯胺类电流变液中加入少量Span80能综合提高体系的电流变性能。     

Nonionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) of cytarabine hydrochloride for effective treatment of leukemias: encapsulation, storage, and in vitro release

Niosome vesicles of cytarabine hydrochloride were prepared by a lipid hydration method that excluded dicetylphosphate. The sizes of the vesicles obtained ranged from 600 to 1000 nm, with the objective of producing more blood levels in vivo. The study of the release of drug from niosomes exhibited a prolonged release profile as studied over a period of 16 hr. The drug entrapment efficiency was about 80% with Tween 80, Span 60 and Tween 20; for Span 80, it was 67.5%. The physical stability profile of vesicular suspension was good as studied over a period of 4 weeks.     

Nonionic Surfactant Vesicles (Niosomes) of Cytarabine Hydrochloride for Effective Treatment of Leukemias: Encapsulation,Storage, and In Vitro Release

Niosome vesicles of cytarabine hydrochloride were prepared by a lipid hydration method that excluded dicetylphosphate. The sizes of the vesicles obtained ranged from 600 to 1000 nm, with the objective of producing more blood levels in vivo. The study of the release of drug from niosomes exhibited a prolonged release profile as studied over a period of 16 hr. The drug entrapment efficiency was about 80% with Tween 80, Span 60 and Tween 20; for Span 80, it was 67.5%. The physical stability profile of vesicular suspension was good as studied over a period of 4 weeks.     

Preparation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Ibuprofen Beads

Sustained release beads of ibuprofen were prepared by a capillary method using cellulose acetate phthalate, surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80), and polymers (K 100 M Methocel and K 100 LV Methocel). These beads were formulated into capsule and tablet dosage forms. The beads did not disintegrate in simulated gastric fluid; however, they disintegrated in simulated intestinal fluid. The dissolution profiles of ibuprofen beads and dosage forms of beads (tablets and capsules) were conducted in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) at 37°C. The beads containing Span 80 and K 100 M Methocel resulted in prolonged drug release. The preparation containing Span 80 and equal quantities of both the polymers (K 100 M Methocel and K 100 LV Methocel), also showed good sustained release properties. The formulations prepared with Tween 80 and K 100 LV Methocel released over 90% of the drug in 2 hours indicating no sustained release properties. The beads in tablet dosage form yielded slower dissolution profiles compared to the beads in capsule form which, in turn, had slower release profiles compared to the beads alone. Release of ibuprofen was much slower from tablets after one year of storage compared to tablets immediately after their manufacture.     

Preparation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Ibuprofen Beads

Sustained release beads of ibuprofen were prepared by a capillary method using cellulose acetate phthalate, surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80), and polymers (K 100 M Methocel and K 100 LV Methocel). These beads were formulated into capsule and tablet dosage forms. The beads did not disintegrate in simulated gastric fluid; however, they disintegrated in simulated intestinal fluid. The dissolution profiles of ibuprofen beads and dosage forms of beads (tablets and capsules) were conducted in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) at 37°C. The beads containing Span 80 and K 100 M Methocel resulted in prolonged drug release. The preparation containing Span 80 and equal quantities of both the polymers (K 100 M Methocel and K 100 LV Methocel), also showed good sustained release properties. The formulations prepared with Tween 80 and K 100 LV Methocel released over 90% of the drug in 2 hours indicating no sustained release properties. The beads in tablet dosage form yielded slower dissolution profiles compared to the beads in capsule form which, in turn, had slower release profiles compared to the beads alone. Release of ibuprofen was much slower from tablets after one year of storage compared to tablets immediately after their manufacture.