网络环境下新产品开发知识团队研究综述*

在综述国内外学者有关新产品开发知识团队研究成果的基础上,试图梳理出现阶段该领域的研究热点与难点问题,为后续研究奠定一定的理论基础。分别从团队的定义和类型,团队学习与团队管理,新产品开发知识团队的概念、类型、运作与管理等方面对已有的研究文献进行了系统的综述,在此基础上提出了已有研究的局限性及对未来研究的展望。     

网络环境下流程导向的新产品开发知识管理策略研究*

主要总结了一些流行的观点和前沿研究结果,在综合技术、文化、管理和组织等方面综合因素的基础上,提出了流程导向的新产品开发知识管理应用模型,阐述了流程导向的新产品开发知识管理内涵,并以汽车新产品开发为例对其进行了说明。     

面向新产品开发知识联盟的知识管理系统及其应用研究*

知识联盟已经开始取代产品联盟成为新的战略联盟形式。知识管理系统有利于新产品开发知识联盟中的知识的共享、利用和扩散。本文在已有知识管理系统模型研究成果的基础上,构建了面向新产品开发知识联盟的知识管理整体框架,该框架包括决策层、流程层和系统层等三个层次,具有内容、协作、技能和定位等四个核心功能。接着提出了面向新产品开发知识联盟的知识管理系统功能结构的概念模型。最后讨论了知识管理系统在新产品开发知识联盟中的实施方法和应用策略。该系统为分散异地的联盟成员之间的知识交流和共享提供了有力的支持。     

网络环境下知识驱动的新产品开发的流程优化

本文在研究新产品开发和知识管理的含义和流程基础上,分析了网络环境下知识管理流程和新产品开发流程的关系,以软件工程的瀑布模型和原型化方法为理论基础,以快速原型技术作为技术支持,吸取并行工程的思想,对新产品开发流程进行优化,提出了知识驱动的新产品开发的原型化模型,并对此模型进行了进一步的研究说明。     

基于云环境下新产品开发团队优选研究

针对云环境下新产品开发团队优选问题,充分考虑团队的研发能力、协调能力和服务质量,建立了包含知识相似度评价模型、协同效应评价模型和服务质量评价模型的综合评价模型;对算法的适应度函数和搜索方式加以改进,提出了改进的人工蜂群算法,对所建立的模型进行求解,为服务需求方选择出最优团队组合;最后,以自动引导运输车（AGV）的新产品开发为例,通过模型求解和算法对比,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

信息系统开发中的知识转移研究综述

知识管理已经成为信息系统领域的研究热点,其中一个重点就是知识转移。论文对信息系统开发过程中知识转移研究文献从因素研究、开发方法、外包、动态知识流、知识分离与集成等方面进行了综述,分析了该领域的研究现状、存在的问题。未来应从知识管理的视角研究ISD开发过程,把需求分析等活动上升到知识分析的高度,使知识管理研究贯穿信息系统的整个生命周期中,及时全面地发现用户深层次的需求,为开发过程改进提供理论基础。     

非网络环境下网络应用软件的开发

本文提出在单机环境下构建网络开发平台的设想和方法.在分析网络应用软件对数据处理的一般过程的基础详细论述了单机环境下网络开发平台的建立方法.     

网络环境下高职课程开发的协同设计研究

网络环境下课程的设计与开发是提高职业教育教学质量的关键。本文分析了网络课程建设的现状及存在的问题,从“研发群体的协同设计”角度出发,提出了一种“网络环境下协同式课程设计与开发”模式,从而实现高效率、高水准的网络课程研发。     

网络学习支持环境的设计与开发研究

给出了基于教学理论和建设标准的网络学习支持环境开放建设框架,进行了融合知识管理理论的探讨,在各模块功能及其相互关系设置上进行了融合知识管理的尝试.实现技术上运用软件工程思想,并基于J2EE/Struts框架进行了系统开发.系统有利于提高模块的利用率,在重视功能属性实现的同时,保证了非功能属性.     

Boosting the confidence of new product development teams: The role of team boundary spanning,team size and functional diversity

In today's highly interconnected, uncertain and dynamic business environment, team boundary spanning has become an important determinant of the performance of new product development (NPD) projects. Despite the positive evidence supporting the use of boundary spanning activities by NPD teams, little is still known about how boundary spanning teams become high-performance teams. The current study advances research on this subject by examining the mediating effect of team potency on the relationship between team boundary spanning and new product performance, as well as the moderating effects of team size and functional diversity on the relationship between team boundary spanning and team potency. Data from a time-lagged survey study of 140 NPD projects found that team boundary spanning can promote team potency that, in turn, results in greater new product quality and new product creativity. The positive effect of team boundary spanning on team potency was found to be more pronounced for NPD teams of medium size and high levels of functional diversity.     

Decisions on new product development under uncertainties

In an intensively competitive market, developing a new product has become a valuable strategy for companies to establish their market positions and enhance their competitive advantages. Therefore, it is essential to effectively manage the process of new product development (NPD). However, since various problems may arise in NPD projects, managers should set up some milestones and subsequently construct evaluative mechanisms to assess their feasibility. This paper employed the approach of Bayesian decision analysis to deal with the two crucial uncertainties for NPD, which are the future market share and the responses of competitors. The proposed decision process can provide a systematic analytical procedure to determine whether an NPD project should be continued or not under the consideration of whether effective usage is being made of the organisational resources. Accordingly, the proposed decision model can assist the managers in effectively addressing the NPD issue under the competitive market.     

Knowledge networks in new product development projects: A transactive memory perspective

Even though an individual's knowledge network is known to contribute to the effectiveness and efficiency of his or her work in groups, the way that network building occurs has not been carefully investigated. In our study, activities of new product development teams were analyzed to determine the antecedents and consequences on the transactive memory systems, the moderating affect of task complexity was also considered. We examined 69 new product development projects and found that team stability, team member familiarity, and interpersonal trust had a positive impact on the transactive memory system and also had a positive influence on team learning, speed-to-market, and new product success. Further, we found that the impact of the transactive memory system on team learning, speed-to-market, and new product success was higher when there was a higher task complexity. Theoretical and managerial implications of the study findings are discussed.     

Causal design knowledge: Alternative representation method for product development knowledge management

This paper presents a mathematical comparison of procedural knowledge and causal knowledge, and discusses the potential roles and feasibility of causal knowledge across product development knowledge management. Since reuse of knowledge is so important in product development, various knowledge management approaches have been introduced. Most of the product design knowledge is represented by procedural knowledge, which unfortunately requires cumbersome processes to define, and is typically inadequate for representing the kind of knowledge generated during the product development process. A causal knowledge representation, however, can help us to overcome this limitation and is an alternative formalism for representing product design knowledge. In this paper we compare the procedural and causal knowledge representations. We present the mathematical definitions of two knowledge paradigms, then mathematically describe the relationship between the two. Both knowledge paradigms are then compared based on the perspective of knowledge expression, decision alternative representation, reasoning capability, and knowledge cultivation. This paper concludes that causal knowledge representation is superior to procedural knowledge representation based on the four perspectives. Finally, the knowledge systems are modeled using Systems Modeling Language (SysML), and we present a case study that demonstrates the causal knowledge features using a realistic example from industry.     

Integration by communication: knowledge exchange in global outsourcing of product software development

Global outsourcing is a growing trend among independent software vendors. In these projects like other distributed work, distances have negative effects on communication and coordination, directly impacting performance. We present a normative model designed to address this issue by improving communication and knowledge exchange. The model consists of six distinct practices and a tool blueprint, each coming with practical guidelines. It is based in part on two case studies of Dutch software vendors who have successfully outsourced part of their activities to an Eastern European outsourcing vendor, and validated by a panel of six experts from industry and the scientific community. It is concluded that knowledge exchange in global software outsourcing is a by‐product of efforts to enhance communication and coordination, rather than specific technical solutions. By committing to sharing knowledge, emphasizing transparency and integrating the outsourcing team into their organizations, customers from the product software business can realize the benefits of global outsourcing.     

有限理性下知识团队知识共享的演化博弈分析

为提高知识团队成员共享知识的意愿,通过运用演化博弈论,对知识团队知识共享的内在机理与动态演化过程进行了分析.结果表明,影响知识团队知识共享的因素有知识员工的知识拥有量差距、风险系数、知识共享度、互补性知识比例、激励系数、协同性影响程度等,通过调整这些参数的大小,可以有效提高知识团队成员选择知识共享策略的概率.     

Knowledge networking to support medical new product development

New product development (NPD) in the pharmaceutical industry is very knowledge intensive. Knowledge generated and used during medical NPD processes is fragmented and distributed across various phases and artifacts. Many challenges in medical NPD can be addressed by the integration of this fragmented knowledge. We propose the creation and use of knowledge networks to address these challenges. Based on a case study conducted in a leading pharmaceutical company, we have developed a knowledge framework that represents knowledge fragments that need to be integrated to support medical NPD. We have also developed a prototype system that supports knowledge integration using knowledge networks. We illustrate the capabilities of the system through scenarios drawn from the case study. Qualitative validation of our approach is also presented.