CF_3I分子ν_4带高分辨激光光谱研究

CF_3I分子的转动常数很小,其振动谱带的转动结构在一般分辨率的光谱中不能分辨。我们用分辨率达2×10~(-3)cm~(-1)的红外二极管激光光谱的方法观察到了ν_4带的近十个Q支,和上千条~PP,~RR线,以及ν_4+ν_6←ν_6和ν4+ν_3←ν_3两个热带跃迁,并归属了其中的一些谱线,研究了ν_4带中可能存在的振转相互作用,利用最小二乘法拟合,得到了有关的分子常数。     

OCS+经由A2П←X2П激发的光解离光谱

在超声分子束条件下,由423、420、412.2和408.4nm的电离激光使OCS分子通过[3+1]共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)制备出OCS+(X2Π)离子后,在260-325nm范围内扫描解离激光获得了OCS+离子经由A2Π3/2←X2Π3/2(000)和A2Π1/2←X2Π1/2(000,001)跃迁的分质量光解离谱(母体离子OCS+的凹陷谱和碎片离子S+的增强谱).其中A2Π1/2←X2Π1/2(001)跃迁的光解离谱是首次观察到.由A2Π3/2←X2Π3/2(000)光解离谱得到了A2Π3/2电子态的光谱常数T0=31411.3cm-1,ν1=814.3cm-1;由A2Π1/2←X2Π1/2(000)光解离谱得到了A2Π1/2电子态的光谱常数ν1=816cm-1,ν2=(380.4±2.8)cm-1,ν3=(2052.7±5.1)cm-1,而从A2Π1/2←X2Π1/2(001)光解离谱拟合出的A2Π1/2电子态的ν1(786.4cm-1)稍有不同,表明在A2Π1/2←X2Π1/2(001)跃迁中X2П1/2电子态的C-O键振动(ν3)激发影响了A2Π1/2电子态C-S键的振动(ν1).实验结果表明:在A2Π1/2←X2Π1/2(000,001)跃迁的光解离谱中能够显著观察到属于A2Π电子态的ν2弯曲振动模激发的谱峰,例如A2Π1/2(020,120,021,…),而在A2П3/2(υ1υ2υ3)←X2Π3/2(000)跃迁的光解离谱中几乎没有观察到属于ν2弯曲振动模激发的谱峰.这种弯曲振动激发和A2П电子态的旋轨分裂分量(Ω)的相关性可以通过A2Π电子态的Fermi共振和Renner-Teller效应来解释.     

CO+彗尾带系（A2Π-X2Σ+）（2,3）带速度调制激光光谱研究

利用差分速度调制分子离子激光光谱技术,首次测量了CO+彗尾带系（A2Π-X2Σ+）（2,3）弱带转动吸收光谱,通过对测量谱线的标识,获得了两态的分子常数,其中下态v"=3的常数未见有文献报导。在锁相放大器1s积分时间下,实验系统的吸收测量灵敏度实测为1.56×10-6。     

气相CBr2的激光诱导荧光光谱

本文报道了在交叉分子束装置中氟原子和二溴甲烷反应生成的CBr_2的气相激光诱导荧光光谱的首次实验结果,位于585—664nm范围内的激光诱导荧光光谱由22个峰组成,被指定为CBr_2的A(V′_1~V′_20)←X(000)(V′_1=0,1;V′_2=0—12)跃迁。从光谱导出ν_(00)=14885cm~(-1),上态振动光谱常数ν′_1=460,ν′_2=189cm~(-1),x′_(12)=3.10,x′_(22)=-0.27cm~(-1)。本实验结果与CBr_2的低温固相光谱进行比较,发现固相光谱较气相光谱明显蓝移,确认了CBr_2是:F+CH_2Br_2过程的两步反应的产物。     

转动分辨的NH3X→C′→Ã跃迁的离子凹陷光谱

NH_3Ã(~1A_2~″)是一个快速预解离态, 以往的光谱研究从未得到它的转动分辨光谱。我们用两个脉冲染料激光器研究了NH_3C′→X的3+1多光子电离光谱和NH_3X→C′→Ã的折叠光学双共振多光子电离光谱, 称为“离子凹陷光谱”。对前者观察到了较高分辨的转动光谱, 得出C′v_2~′=O的高精度转动常数。通过谱线宽度, 得到了C′v_2~′=0,1,2能级的预解离寿命。从离子凹陷光谱上, 首次观察到了C′→Ã跃迁的0-0, 1-1, 2-2等带的转动分辨光谱。由双共振选择定则简化的光谱使漫散至～50 cm~(-1)线宽的转动线得以分开, 由此得到Ãv_2~″=0,1,2能级的转动常数和各谱带的带原点。在消除功率加宽的情况下, 测出Ãv_2~′=1能级的寿命。这种方法对研究分子的快速预解离态有一定的普遍意义。     

转动分辨的NH_3→′→跃迁的离子凹陷光谱

NH_3(~1A_2~″)是一个快速预解离态,以往的光谱研究从未得到它的转动分辨光谱。我们用两个脉冲染料激光器研究了NH_3′→的3 1多光子电离光谱和NH_3→′→的折叠光学双共振多光子电离光谱,称为“离子凹陷光谱”。对前者观察到了较高分辨的转动光谱,得出′v_2~′=O的高精度转动常数。通过谱线宽度,得到了′v_2~′=0,1,2能级的预解离寿命。从离子凹陷光谱上,首次观察到了′→跃迁的0-0,1-1,2-2等带的转动分辨光谱。由双共振选择定则简化的光谱使漫散至～50cm~(-1)线宽的转动线得以分开,由此得到v_2~″=0,1,2能级的转动常数和各谱带的带原点。在消除功率加宽的情况下,测出v_2~′=1能级的寿命。这种方法对研究分子的快速预解离态有一定的普遍意义。     

CF自由基双光子共振增强多光子电离研究：3pRy dberg态的转动分析

利用Ar/CF4、Ar/CF2Cl2或Ar/CF3COOH混合气体的直流脉冲放电产生CF自由基,观测了260～360nm范围内转动分辨的CF自由基双光子共振增强多光子电离谱。分析表明,该段光 谱对应于CF自由基3pπD2Πr(ν'=2～6,r=3/2,1/2)←←X2Πr(ν"=0,r=3/2,1/2)的共振激发。对观测的振动带进行了转动分析,并获得了3p里德堡态的转动常数和自旋-轨道分裂值。     

二维红外光谱法分析聚丙烯C-H伸缩振动

在3 000~2 800cm~(-1)范围内,分别测定聚丙烯C-H伸缩振动(νC-H)的一维红外光谱、二阶导数红外光谱和四阶导数红外光谱来确定聚丙烯的分子结构。试验发现聚丙烯νC-H主要包括甲基碳氢不对称伸缩振动模式(ν_(as)CH_3)、甲基碳氢对称伸缩振动模式(ν_sCH_3)、亚甲基碳氢不对称伸缩振动模式(ν_(as)CH_2)、亚甲基碳氢对称伸缩振动模式(ν_sCH_2)和次甲基碳氢伸缩振动模式(νCH)。进一步采用二维红外光谱研究了温度对聚丙烯νC-H的影响。研究发现,随着温度的升高,聚丙烯分子中νC-H红外吸收强度变化快慢顺序为2875cm~(-1)(ν_sCH_3),2 890cm~(-1)(νCH),2 932cm~(-1)(νasCH_2),2 975cm~(-1)(νasCH_3),2 855cm~(-1)(ν_sCH_2)。     

卤化氢共振增强多光子电离光谱

测定了卤化氢(HCl, HBr 和HI) (2+1)共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)光谱, 采用模拟计算法分析推导出转动常数、谱带源以及Ω态振动谱带的同位素位移值. 得到的HCl数据同Green等人用常规分析法所推导的结果极为吻合. 得出8条振动谱带,其中包括V(¹∑⁺)态, E(¹∑⁺)的v'=4态以及HBr的5个新谱带, 此外还推导出HI的E态v'=1的4个振动谱带光谱参数. 观测了V和E态之间因同类相互作用而产生的不规则能级间距、转动参数和同位素位移. 讨论了HCl和HBr的E态和V态振动谱带中的转动谱线序列O和S对Q的强度比变化,提出了双光子激发机理.     

光学双共振研究苯的单振动能级弛豫

用红外-紫外激光双共振技术首次测定了苯的ν_(10), ν_(11), 3ν_(16), ν_4等8个单振动能级的弛豫速率。弛豫过程量现双指数衰减特性, 它们相当于V-V和V-T弛豫过程, 例如16_110_1能级的T-V和V-T弛豫速率常数分别为0.59×10~5和0.023×10~6 s~(-1)Torr~(-1)。     

ℓ-Resonance effects in C2H2 near 13.7 μm. Part H: The two quantum hotbands

This article is the second part on ℓ-resonance effects on the rotation-vibration bands of acetylene observed in the ν₅ fundamental region. While the first part concentrated on the energy level analysis of the fundamental and the seven strongest hotbands originating in the ν₄ and ν₅ excited states for both major isotopes [Spectrochim. Acta 48A, 1203 (1992)], this article summarizes the results of the analysis of the hotbands 2ν₄ + ν₅ ← 2ν₄, ν₄ + 2ν₅ ← ν₄ + ν₅, and 3ν₅ ← 2ν₅ from which improved molecular constants for the 2ν₄ and three quantum energy levels were derived for the major isotope ¹²C₂H₂. The mixing levels within the excited vibrational states due to vibrational and rotational ℓ-resonance effects are discussed which lead to the identification of the strong “forbidden” Δℓ3 band, 2ν₄+ ν³₅←2ν^Oe₄ as a result of ℓ-resonance intensity perturbation.     

High-resolution Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy of the ν6 band of c-C3H2

The gas-phase high-resolution absorption spectrum of the ν(6) band of cyclopropenylidene (c-C(3)H(2)) has been observed using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer for the first time. The molecule has been produced by microwave discharge in an allene (3.3 Pa) and Ar (4.0 Pa) mixture inside a side arm glass tube. The observed spectrum shows a pattern of c-type ro-vibrational transitions in which the Q-branch lines strongly and distinctly stand out in the spectrum. A combined least-squares analysis of the observed 216 ro-vibrational transitions together with 28 millimeter-wave rotational transitions from the previous study has resulted in an accurate determination of the molecular constants in the ν(6) state. The band center is found to be at 776.11622(13) cm(-1) with one standard deviation in parentheses, which is 2.3% lower than the matrix isolation value. The intensity ratio I(3)(ν(3))/I(6)(ν(6)) obtained from the observed ν(3) and ν(6) bands, 1.90(9), is somewhat lower than the ratio estimated from ab initio (2.4-2.6) and DFT (2.8) calculations.     

Rovibrational spectra of ammonia. II. Detailed analysis, comparison, and prediction of spectroscopic assignments for 14NH3, 15NH3, and 14ND3

Several aspects of ammonia rovibrational spectra have been investigated using the new HSL-2 potential energy surface that includes an approximate correction for nonadiabatic effects. The unprecedented accuracy of rovibrational energy levels and transition energies computed using HSL-2 was demonstrated in Part I of this study. For (14)NH(3), new assignments for a few ν(3) + ν(4) band transitions and energy levels are suggested, and discrepancies between computed and HITRAN energy levels in the 2ν(4) band are analyzed (2ν(4) is the most difficult band below 5000 cm(-1)). New assignments are suggested for existing or missing 2ν(4) levels. Several new vibrational bands are identified from existing, unassigned HITRAN data, including 2ν(2) + ν(4), (ν(3) + ν(4)) -A(')∕A("), ν(1) + 2ν(2), and 2ν(2) + 2ν(4). The strong mixing between the 2ν(4) and 2ν(2) + ν(4) bands is carefully examined and found to be the source of the difficulties in the experimental modeling of 2ν(4). Discussion is presented for preliminary J = 10 results, where the overall root-mean-square error is estimated to be less than 0.039 cm(-1). The analysis of the 4ν(2) band demonstrates both the reliability and the accuracy of predictions from HSL-2. The full list of computed J = 0 band origins (with assignments) and the inversion splittings up to 7000-8000 cm(-1) above the zero-point energy are presented. J = 0-2 levels are reported for those bands below 5100 cm(-1) that are missing from the HITRAN database. For (15)NH(3), excellent agreement is found for the available ν(2) and ν(3) + ν(4)(E) transition energies, but significant deficiencies are shown for HITRAN levels and several corrections are suggested. The (15)N isotopic effects are presented for the J = 0-6 levels of 13 HITRAN bands. For (14)ND(3), we reproduce the pure rotational inversion spectra line frequencies with an accuracy similar to that for (14)NH(3). However, it is not possible to reproduce simultaneously all four pairs of inversion-split vibrational fundamentals to better than 0.05 cm(-1) uncertainty. It is suggested that a reanalysis of some suspicious (14)ND(3) fundamental bands is required. The analyses presented here and in Part I show that rovibrational energy levels and transition frequencies computed with HSL-2 (with nonadiabatic corrections) remain highly accurate well beyond the experimental data used in the refinement procedure. Calculations using HSL-2 are capable of revealing many deficiencies in experimental analyses of ammonia spectra and provide reliable predictions with similar accuracy. It is expected that the results of this study will be useful in the future interpretation of high-resolution spectra from laboratory experiments or from astronomical observations. The present work represents a very significant advance in the state of our knowledge of the spectroscopy of ammonia and its isotopologues.     

Fermi resonances in the Raman spectra of alkali halide/BH4−

Raman spectra of a series of alkali-halide/BH^?₄ (and BD^?₄ crystals have been obtained. These spectra show some interesting examples of Fermi resonance type interactions between the stretching mode levels and overtone and combination band levels of the bending modes. Two resonances will be considered: (i) that between ν₁ and 2ν₄(A₁), and (ii) that between ν₃, 2ν₄ (F₂) and (ν₂+ν₄) (F₂).The F₂ resonance between ν₃, 2ν₄ and ν₂+ν₄ appears in the infrared spectrum and it has been studied on several occasions. However the equivalent Raman spectrum is of interest because the relative intensities of the bands are significantly different to those shown by the infrared spectrum.In the A₁ (and E) Raman spectrum of the stretching mode region there are two strong bands for each for the ¹⁰B and ¹¹B isotopes. The ν₁ would not be expected to show any ¹⁰B and ¹¹B splitting, but the observed bands are both closely resonating mixtures of ν₁ and 2ν₄(A₁). In fact the analysis shows that the stronger band has the higher proportion of 2ν₄ character, and the larger isotopic shift of the more intense band can then be seen to be reasonable.     

FTIR spectra of the 2ν4, ν4 + ν6 and 2ν6 bands of formaldehyde

High resolution IR spectra of the overtones and the combination band of the ν₄ and ν₆ modes of formaldehyde (2ν₄, ν₄ + ν₆ and 2ν₆) were measured in the region of 2200–2650 cm⁻¹ using FTIR. The combination band ν₄ + ν₆, whose dipole transition is forbidden from molecular symmetry, was observed due to the intensity borrowed from the other bands. The observed frequencies were analysed by a Hamiltonian in which A-type Coriolis interactions and Darling—Dennison interaction were taken into account. The ratio and the relative signs of the transition dipole moments of the overtone bands, μ_2ν4 and μ_2ν6, have been determined by analysing the intensity distribution of the vibration—rotation lines.     

Analysis of the rotational structure in the high-resolution infrared spectrum of trans-hexatriene-1-13C1: a semiexperimental equilibrium structure for the C6 backbone of trans-hexatriene

trans-Hexatriene-1-(13)C(1) (tHTE-1-(13)C(1)) has been synthesized, and its high-resolution (0.0015 cm(-1)) infrared spectrum has been recorded. The rotational structure in the C-type bands for ν(26) at 1011 cm(-1) and ν(30) at 894 cm(-1) has been analyzed. To the 1458 ground state combination differences from these bands, ground state rotational constants were fitted to a Watson-type Hamiltonian to give A(0) = 0.8728202(9), B(0) = 0.0435868(4), and C(0) = 0.0415314(2) cm(-1). Upper state rotational constants for the ν(30) band were also fitted. Predictions of the ground state rotational constants for tHTE-1-(13)C(1) from a B3LYP/cc-pVTZ model with scale factors based on the normal species were in excellent agreement with observations. Similar good agreement was found between predicted and observed ground state rotational constants for the three (13)C(1) isotopologues of cis-hexatriene, as determined from microwave spectroscopy. Equilibrium rotational constants for tHTE and its three (13)C(1) isotopologues, of which two were predicted, were used to find a semiexperimental equilibrium structure for the C(6) backbone of tHTE. This structure shows increased structural effects of π-electron delocalization in comparison with butadiene and some differences from the cis isomer of HTE. Structures predicted with the MP2/cc-pVTZ model are also compared.     

Isotopic study of new fundamentals and combination bands of linear C5, C7, and C9 in solid ar

A high yield of carbon chains has been produced by the laser ablation of carbon rods having (13)C enrichment. FTIR spectroscopy of these molecules trapped in solid Ar has resulted in the identification of two new combination bands for linear C(5) and C(9). The (ν(1) + ν(4)) combination band of linear C(5) has been observed at 3388.8 cm(-1), and comparison of (13)C isotopic shift measurements with the predictions of density functional theory calculations (DFT) at the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level makes possible the assignment of the ν(1)(σ(g)(+)) stretching fundamental at 1946 cm(-1). Similarly, the observation of the (ν(2) + ν(7)) combination band of linear C(9) at 3471.8 cm(-1) enables the assignment of the ν(2)(σ(g)(+)) stretching fundamental at 1871 cm(-1). The third and weakest of the infrared stretching fundamentals of linear C(7), the ν(6)(σ(u)(+)) fundamental at 1100.1 cm(-1), has also been assigned.     

The coriolis-induced rotational structure in the infrared spectrum of HNCO

A group-theoretical scheme - generally valid for planar C_S asymetric tops - is described to predict alterations in the rotational structure of infrared bands of HNCO caused by Coriolis interactions among a′ and a″ vibrations. Through inversion parities and perturbation mixing rules it is shown how the parallel component arises in the ν₆(a″) band, and that no extra features are expected for the in-plane modes. The Coriolis-triad ν₄:ν₅:ν₆ is approximately treated as two separate pairs and the K-dependence of induced parallel rotational transitions is estimated.     

Photoacoustic study of CH4(ν3) deactivation by collisions with rare gases

CH₄(ν₃) deactivation is studied in the gas phase by the photoacoustic method at 300 K. Rapid vibration-to-vibration transfer holds the adjacent levels in a quasi-equilibrium distribution. The vibrational levels can then be grouped in two sets: (ν₂, ν₄) on the one hand and (ν₃, ν₁, 2ν₂, 2ν₄, ν₂ + ν₄) on the other. By successive dilution of CH₄ in He, Ne, Ar, we determined the vibration-to-translation-rotation rate constants characterizing the deactivation of each set. The vibration-to-vibration intermolecular rate constant which connects the two sets is also obtained.     

Raman analysis of SF6 molecular beams excited by a cw CO2 laser

In a molecular beam the effects of vibrational pumping of SF₆ (ν₃ = 948 cm^?1) are studied, using a line-tunable cw CO₂ laser. Intracavity spontaneous Raman scattering is used for analysis. For excitation in the collision regime (x_E/D ≤ 1), a thermal redistribution of the ν₃ excitation over all vibrational modes is found, together with an average absorption up to six photons per molecule. The infrared absorption profile shows a red-shift of 6 cm^?1. For excitation in the relatively rare collision regime (x_E/D ? 4), a structured non-thermal ν₁ Raman spectrum is observed, especially in the case of seeded molecular beams (10% in He). The observed hot-band peaks can be explained in terms of single-photon absorptions and collision-induced near-resonant V-V energy transfer, leading to single, double and triple excitations of the ν₃ mode. The value of T_rot in the beam is found to influence sensitively the non-resonant energy-transfer rate [e.g. hν₃(948 cm^?1)+ΔE_rot → h(ν₄ + ν₆)(962 cm^?1) relative to the near-resonant transfer rate (hν₃ + hν₃ → 2hν₃ + 3.5 cm^?1)].