近红外荧光探针及其在生物分析中的应用进展

本文评述了自1999年以来近红外荧光探针和标记试剂及其在生物分析中的应用进展。包括:菁染料、噻嗪和噁嗪染料、含四吡咯基团染料(酞菁和卟啉)、罗丹明类、BODIPY、稀土离子配合物和量子点等。描述了它们在荧光测定和毛细管分离荧光检测以及免疫荧光分析方面的应用。引用文献75篇。     

一种选择性检测肼的近红外荧光增强型探针的合成与表征

本文以2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚与正丙基溴为原料合成季铵盐2;2与2-氯-3-羟次甲基环己烯醛缩合生成吲哚七甲川菁染料3;3与4-乙基间苯二酚在三乙胺催化下反应生成半花菁染料4;4与乙酰氯经成酯反应生成半菁类探针5。目标物5的结构经¹H NMR、 ¹³C NMR和HR-MS(ESI)表征。该探针作为荧光增强型近红外探针,可以定量检测肼,并且对肼具有良好的选择性。      

一种新型一氧化氮比率型近红外荧光探针的制备及应用

该文以邻苯二胺修饰的［c］［1, 2, 5］噻二唑-5, 6-二胺作为一氧化氮（NO）识别基团和电子受体,芴衍生物作为荧光基团和电子供体,合成了一种新型检测NO的近红外荧光探针。通过紫外可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱研究探针分子的光谱学性质及检测NO的可行性。该探针与NO反应后生成苯并三氮唑结构,分子内电荷转移（ICT）效应加强,在近红外区的荧光明显增强。相较于传统的增强型或猝灭型NO荧光探针,该文制备的荧光探针通过比率计量荧光检测信号,实现了背景荧光低、抗干扰能力强的NO近红外荧光检测。该荧光探针受外界干扰小,且不与其他活性氧、活性氮反应,能够对不同浓度的NO产生快速、灵敏的荧光响应,对NO的检测线性范围为0～10 μmol/L,检出限为28.88 nmol/L。选择性实验表明,该探针对NO的响应具有专一性和抗干扰性。该文制备的比率型荧光探针能实现NO近红外荧光分析和检测,具有背景荧光低、抗干扰能力强的优点,可用于生物样品中NO的检测。     

一种基于二氰基异佛尔酮的近红外汞离子荧光探针的合成与应用

以二氰基异佛尔酮和4-二乙氨基水杨醛为原料,通过两步反应合成了一种具有近红外发射(675 nm)的荧光探针SAM-S,并对其结构进行了表征。此探针在甲醇/4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸(HEPES)(1∶1,V/V,pH=7.4)溶液中表现出弱荧光,加入Hg²⁺后荧光显著增强,基于此建立了检测Hg²⁺的新方法。本方法具有选择性好、抗干扰能力强、检出限低(0.49μmol/L)等优点。采用此探针检测湖水和自来水中Hg²⁺的含量,加标回收率在99.9%～104.8%之间。探针SAM-S可制作成荧光墨水,有望用于商标包装;由于SAM-S的毒性较低,因此可用于活细胞中Hg²⁺的荧光成像。     

近红外荧光探针天青A检测DNA

近红外荧光探针天青A(AZ)可与DNA结合,结合常数为K=5.90×105L/mol,结合位点数n=0.94碱基对。利用在pH=8.0的tris-HCl缓冲体系中,DNA浓度与天青A的荧光强度呈线性关系,在近红外区建立测定核酸的方法。其检测下限为0.064mg/L;线性范围为0.064~26mg/L(r=0.9942)。本方法具有测试简单、背景干扰小、灵敏度高等优点。     

一种近红外发射荧光探针的合成及其荧光增强识别Hg2+

汞离子(Hg~(2+))由于高毒性以及容易对环境和人体造成损害,其检测越来越受到人们的重视。本文基于4-(二乙氨基)水杨醛设计合成了一种近红外发射荧光探针L,该探针可在MeCN/HEPES(体积比2/8,pH=7.4)缓冲溶液中高选择性地荧光增强识别Hg~(2+),其具有合成简便、抗干扰能力强、适用pH范围宽等特点。进一步研究表明,探针L可用于真实水样中Hg~(2+)的检测。     

一种高效灵敏的DNA荧光探针的合成及应用

设计合成了一种新型噻唑橙二聚体荧光染料Bi-TO3, 采用荧光发射光谱、 圆二色光谱及活细胞荧光成像等方法研究了其与DNA的相互作用. 在10 mmol/L Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH=7.4)中, Bi-TO3的固有荧光极弱, 量子产率小于0.001%; 与小牛胸腺DNA结合后, 其荧光可显著增强约950倍, 但对RNA和蛋白等生物大分子及黏度等环境因素则无明显响应. 紫外吸收光谱及圆二色光谱滴定实验表明, Bi-TO3以小沟结合模式与DNA作用, 且对AT序列有选择性. 实验结果表明, 在缓冲溶液中Bi-TO3的荧光增强信号与低浓度范围的poly(dA-dT)₂仍呈良好的线性关系, 检出限为13.3 ng/mL, 灵敏较度高; 且Bi-TO3可在较低浓度范围(6~12 μmol/L)内应用于活细胞荧光成像.     

手性金纳米团簇:一种新型近红外荧光探针

近红外荧光成像具有低背景荧光干扰、强组织穿透力和对生物机体无光损伤等优点, 因此发展具有良好生物相容性、量子产率高、化学及光稳定性好的水溶性长波段近红外荧光探针成为目前的研究热点. 与有机近红外荧光染料相比, 无机纳米近红外荧光探针因其具有较高的摩尔消光吸光系数和荧光量子产率、抗光漂白能力强、发射光谱集中且可调等特点而备受重视. 采用N-异丁酰基-L(D)-半胱氨酸(N-isobutyryl-L(D)-cysteine, L(D)-NIBC)手性对映异构体作为还原剂和稳定剂一步法直接制备得到两种平均粒径小于2 nm的水溶性手性金纳米团簇(L-NIBC-AuNCs和D-NIBC-AuNCs). CD光谱显示二者在230~360 nm波段的圆二色性完美对称, 荧光光谱显示二者均在900~1000 nm的近红外波段具有较强的荧光发射峰, 且二者的荧光量子产率分别达到6.9% (L-NIBC-AuNCs)和8.2% (D-NIBC-AuNCs), 细胞毒性实验表明这两种手性金纳米团簇均无细胞毒性. 上述结果表明两种手性金纳米团簇不仅符合成为近红外荧光探针的基本要求, 而且还具有不对称光学活性和潜在的手性识别能力等独特性质. 手性金纳米团簇具有成为一类全新的近红外荧光探针的潜力, 为将来实现对特定分子通过手性识别来进行体内近红外荧光示踪和成像提供了全新的思路.     

检测亚硝酸根的近红外荧光探针的设计与合成

亚硝酸根(NO₂)浓度的失控对公共健康和环境的威胁日益严重。因此,开发一种简单有效地检测微量NO₂^-的方法是一个重要课题。本研究以双氰基异膦酮衍生物为荧光团,仲胺为识别单元,合成了一种近红外荧光探针(DIO),并将其用于NO₂的检测。实验结果表明,该探针在乙酸中具有强红色荧光(λ_em=670 nm),加入NO₂后,荧光强度大幅降低,在210 s内完成反应。探针可对不同浓度的NO₂进行定量检测,在0-1μmol·L^-1内具有很好的线性关系和较低的检出限(17 nmol·L^-1)。值得注意地是,当向红色的探针溶液中加入不同浓度的NO₂时,溶液颜色由橘红色逐渐变为黄色,使得该探针还可用于目视检测NO₂^-。此外,该方法对NO₂的检测具有较好的特异性,不受其他常见分析物的干扰。     

微型传感器:荧光纳米微球的制备及表征

以丙烯酰胺为基体,N,N-甲叉双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,荧光分子Fura-2作为探针,构造荧光纳米微球。考察了乳化剂用量、引发剂用量、交联剂单体浓度对纳米微球直径和油水比对乳液稳定性的影响。含Fura-2的荧光纳米微球对钙离子非常敏感,可作为钙离子传感器。     

Stilbene-Based Fluorescent Sensor for Detection of Organophosphorus Warfare Nerve Agents

In this paper, we report the synthesis of stilbene-based fluorophore, 3,4-dihydroxy-4′-aminostilbene (DHAS) for the detection of chemical warfare agents such as organophosphorus nerve gases. DHAS was characterized by various spectroscopic methods and grafted on to electrospun nanofibers. The interaction of DHAS with nerve agents simulant, diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP) was investigated in solution and vapor phase by fluorescence spectroscopy.     

荧光化学传感器研究中的光化学与光物理问题

在对分子识别用的荧光化学传感器化合物进行设计合成时,必须对传感器分子在工作中所涉及的发光光化学及光物理问题有一基本的了解.本文从几个方面分别对传感器的报告和中继部分中的光化学、光物理问题作了较充分的讨论,也对传感器分子中接受体部分和光化学相联系的内容作了介绍.     

四苯乙烯的合成、表征及在爆炸物检测中的应用 ——介绍一个大学化学综合实验

因具有聚集诱导发光特性、螺旋桨结构的四苯乙烯及其衍生物,在有机光电材料、荧光传感和生物成像等领域表现出优异的荧光性能。本实验以二苯甲酮为原料,利用McMurry偶联反应合成四苯乙烯。采用萃取、干燥和柱层析等手段对产物进行分离和纯化,通过熔点测定、核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱和质谱对其结构进行表征后,使用苦味酸作为模型化合物,利用荧光光谱测定其对爆炸物的荧光检测极限。本实验寓科研热点于实验教学中,不仅提高了学生的实验操作技能,而且有助于学生了解具有聚集诱导发光性能的四苯乙烯及其衍生物的研究现状和应用前景,激发了学生的科研兴趣和创新意识。     

Construction of a Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Turn‐On Probe for Selenol and Its Bioimaging Application in Living Animals

As selenocysteine (Sec) carries out the majority of the functions of the various Se‐containing species in vivo, it is of high importance to develop reliable and rapid assays with biocompatibility to detect Sec. Herein, an NIR fluorescent turn‐on probe for highly selective detection of selenol was designed and synthesized. The probe exhibits large turn‐on signal upon treatment with selenocysteine (R‐SeH), and it was further demonstrated that the new NIR fluorescent probe can be employed to image selenol in living animals.     

A Novel NIR Fluorescent Probe for Highly Selective Detection of Nitroreductase and Hypoxic-Tumor-Cell Imaging

Nitroreductase as a potential biomarker for aggressive tumors has received extensive attention. In this work, a novel NIR fluorescent probe for nitroreductase detection was synthesized. The probe Py-SiRh-NTR displayed excellent sensitivity and selectivity. Most importantly, the confocal fluorescence imaging demonstrated that HepG-2 cells treated with Py-SiRh-NTR under hypoxic conditions showed obvious enhanced fluorescence, which means that the NTR was overexpressed under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, the probe showed great promise that could help us to study related anticancer mechanisms research.     

Characterization and Validation of a Platinum Paper-based Potentiometric Sensor for Glucose Detection in Saliva

A paper-based potentiometric sensor was constructed and characterized for the detection of glucose in saliva. Dilution of the samples was optimized to afford the optimum experimental conditions of measurements. The performance allows for detecting abnormal high glucose concentrations observed in diabetes patients. Repeatability data were presented and the performance of the sensor compared to literature examples showing suitable characteristics at a much lower cost. The validation in real saliva samples was performed against a commercial colorimetric kit showing that glucose could be effectively determined in the 4–10 mM range based on the comparison with a reference method.     

Fluorescent Phthalocyanine-Encapsulated Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles: Their Deployment as Therapeutic Agents in the NIR Region

In recent times, researchers have aimed for new strategies to combat cancer by the implementation of nanotechnologies in biomedical applications. This work focuses on developing protein-based nanoparticles loaded with a newly synthesized NIR emitting and absorbing phthalocyanine dye, with photodynamic and photothermal properties. More precisely, we synthesized highly reproducible bovine serum albumin-based nanoparticles (75% particle yield) through a two-step protocol and successfully encapsulated the NIR active photosensitizer agent, achieving a good loading efficiency of 91%. Making use of molecular docking simulations, we confirm that the NIR photosensitizer is well protected within the nanoparticles, docked in site I of the albumin molecule. Encouraging results were obtained for our nanoparticles towards biomedical use, thanks to their negatively charged surface (−13.6 ± 0.5 mV) and hydrodynamic diameter (25.06 ± 0.62 nm), favorable for benefitting from the enhanced permeability and retention effect; moreover, the MTT viability assay upholds the good biocompatibility of our NIR active nanoparticles. Finally, upon irradiation with an NIR 785 nm laser, the dual phototherapeutic effect of our NIR fluorescent nanoparticles was highlighted by their excellent light-to-heat conversion performance (photothermal conversion efficiency 20%) and good photothermal and size stability, supporting their further implementation as fluorescent therapeutic agents in biomedical applications.