医用镍钛合金表面涂覆技术研究概述

镍钛(NiTi)合金因其优异的形状记忆和超弹性性能,良好的耐腐蚀性和生物相容性,在生物医学领域得到了广泛应用。为了避免直接使用可能出现的生物不相容和细胞毒性,采用表面涂覆技术在合金表面涂覆纳米到微米量级厚度的功能薄膜,使其具有比基体更优良的生物相容性、抗腐蚀性和耐磨性等特殊功能。表面涂覆技术与其它表面改性技术相比,具有约束条件少、技术类型广、材料选择空间大等优势,目前应用最为广泛。对电化学沉积、等离子喷涂、磁控溅射、溶胶凝胶法、浸涂技术制备的涂层微观结构、力学性能和耐腐蚀等性能进行综述,并分析各技术的优缺点。随着涂覆技术的发展及制备涂层性能的进一步提高,NiTi合金在牙齿矫正丝、人工关节骨茎、血管成形环等多种医疗领域中的应用将更加广泛和深入。     

金属材料表面改性技术的研究进展

金属材料表面改性技术是一门新兴的技术,主要包括激光表面改性、离子注入法、物理气相沉积法和热喷涂等,简述了该4种技术的研究和发展现状,对各种技术的原理和应用状况分别加以描述,最后总结了材料表面改性技术的发展前景。     

镁合金激光选区熔化研究进展

镁合金作为最轻的金属结构材料,在汽车制造、生物医疗等领域具有极大的应用潜力。激光选区熔化成形镁合金具有高效的制备性能、良好的成分均匀性、优异的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能,因此激光选区熔化成为一种重要的镁合金制备和改性方法。对近几年激光选区熔化镁合金的研究进展进行了综述,从激光工艺参数(激光类型、体能量密度、激光功率、扫描速度、扫描模式、层厚、扫描间距、气氛控制与进粉速度)和粉体状态(粉末形状、粒径分布、粉末对激光束能量吸收率、粉末化学成分)2个方面讨论了该工艺的关键技术;按照纯镁、非稀土镁合金体系、稀土镁合金体系的分类,对激光选区熔化成形镁及镁合金的致密度与微观结构、力学性能与耐腐蚀性能进行了总结;分析了工艺参数与合金成分两方面对该工艺成形镁合金缺陷的影响。为减少激光选区熔化成形镁合金缺陷、均匀化晶粒、溶解硬脆二次相或析出强化相进而改善合金的结构与性能,许多研究对激光选区熔化成形镁合金进行了热等静压、固溶热处理和时效热处理,总结了上述处理方式对AZ体系、WE体系与Mg-Gd体系镁合金的改善效果。最后展望了激光选区熔化成形镁及镁合金在各领域的应用前景与未来可以进行研究的方向。     

不同等离子源形成的DLC涂层对NiTi合金腐蚀行为的影响

采用等离子浸没离子注入和沉积(PIIID)法分别以C2H2和石墨为等离子源在NiTi合金表面形成DLC涂层来提高该合金的耐腐蚀性.利用Raman光谱和扫描电镜分析膜层结构.利用电化学测试和原子吸收光谱测试涂层前后基体的耐腐蚀性和Ni离子析出.结果表明:采用等离子浸没离子注入和沉积法以乙炔和石墨为等离子源在NiTi合金表面形成均匀致密、结合力良好的DLC涂层.两种涂层都明显地提高了NiTi合金的耐腐蚀性能和有效地抑制了Ni离子的溶出.     

新型离子束增强沉积技术

离子束增强沉积技术是近年在离子注入技术基础上发展的新型材料表面改性技术，本文简要介绍多功能离子束增强沉积设备和应用技术研究，设备具有金属离子注入、气体离子注入、离子束增强沉积、磁控溅射沉积功能，进行材料表面改性和制备各种材料薄膜科学研究。     

离子注入在轴尖改性上的应用探讨

一、前言近年来,采用离子注入技术对材料改性研究工作在工业发达国家取得了很大发展。它与其它表面处理技术比较起来具有许多独特的优点。离子注入金属,可使其表面硬度、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性和抗疲劳性大幅度提高。这种技术就是将所要注入的元素,经电离后在高压电场下加速,再经磁分析器提纯,在真空靶室内注入到待处理的工件表面内。这样,不形成新的界面,     

医用钛合金表面改性的研究进展

从金属植入体与生物环境的界面反应,以及钛植入体表面现阶段存在的主要问题出发,叙述了近年来钛表面生物活性、生物相容性、血液相容性、抗菌性涂层的制备、结构及性能,重点总结了应用等离子体喷涂技术制备羟基磷灰石涂层、硅酸盐陶瓷涂层、纳米ZrO2涂层、纳米TiO2涂层,以及采用等离子体浸没离子注入/沉积技术对钛合金表面进行离子注入和薄膜沉积的研究结果.最后,基于钛硬组织植入体表面需求,指出钛硬组织植入体表面改性设计与制备应注重改性层的综合生物学性能及力学安全性.     

离子注入对聚合物材料表面改性的研究与应用进展

离子注入对聚合物材料表面改性有着独特的优越性,文中介绍离子注入技术在聚合物材料表面的力学性能、电学性能、光学性能、生物相容性能等方面改性的最新研究与应用进展。     

合金激光表面改性的研究进展

介绍了激光表面改性的方法,综述了几种表面激光改性的研究现状.激光表面改性方法主要包括激光表面合金化、激光表面熔凝、激光熔覆、激光冲击硬化及激光诱导沉积技术,利用激光表面处理技术可改善合金表面耐磨和耐蚀等性能.     

日本材料表面改质改性技术现状：—赴日技术考察报告

本文介绍了日本材料表面改质改性技术现状,该技术的分类、用途及各种工艺方法,如热喷涂、化学气相沉积、物理气相沉积、接合法、表面合金化、溅射法、气相法、液相法、离子注入法等。     

物理气相沉积在镁合金表面防护领域的研究现状

镁合金表面耐腐蚀性能、耐磨性能较差,物理气相沉积(PVD)镀膜技术是一种提高镁合金表面性能的有效方法。总结了PVD镀膜防腐蚀层和耐磨层的特性,分析了涂层耐腐蚀耐磨的机理和存在的不足。综述了镁合金表面PVD膜层的研究进展,阐述了物理气相沉积技术对镁合金的表面改性的应用现状,并对该技术在镁合金上的发展进行了概括,指出了目前PVD技术在镁合金表面防护领域的新前景,为今后PVD技术对镁合金表面防护的研究与发展提供了相关参考。     

Surface layer characteristics of ion-implanted metals

Recently ion implantation into metals has been carried out mainly for fundamental studies of non-electronic properties in surface layers such as friction, wear, corrosion etc. Many results have shown that the technique is useful for the improvement of surface layer properties such as wear and corrosion resistance. In this report we describe recent results obtained with the implantation process and the mechanical and chemical properties of implanted iron or iron-based alloys.     

Tantalum-based multilayer coating on cobalt alloys in total hip and knee replacement

Cobalt–chromium–molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys are widely used in total hip and knee joint replacement, due to high mechanical properties and resistance to wear and corrosion. They are able to form efficient artificial joints by means of coupling metal-on-polymer or metal-on-metal contacts. However, a high concentration of stress and direct friction between surfaces leads to the formation of polyethylene wear debris and the release of toxic metal ions into the human body, limiting, as a consequence, the lifetime of implants.The aim of this research is a surface modification of CoCrMo alloys in order to improve their biocompatibility and to decrease the release of metal ions and polyethylene debris. Thermal treatment in molten salts was the process employed for the deposition of tantalum-enriched coating. Tantalum and its compounds are considered biocompatible materials with low ion release and high corrosion resistance.Three different CoCrMo alloys were processed as substrates. An adherent coating of about 1 μm of thickness, with a multilayer structure consisting of two tantalum carbides and metallic tantalum was deposited. The substrates and modified layers were characterized by means of structural, chemical and morphological analysis. Moreover nanoindentation, scratch and tribological tests were carried out in order to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the substrates and coating. The hardness of the coated samples increases more than double than the untreated alloys meanwhile the presence of the coating reduced the wear volume and rate of about one order of magnitude.     

Sliding wear resistance of Fe-, Ni- and Co-based alloys for plasma deposition

Performance of Fe-, Ni- and Co-based alloys was evaluated in sliding wear and in the impact wear tests to simulate wear of valves and valve inserts in internal combustion engines. From the SEM investigations adhesive wear was confirmed by metal transfer between rubbing surfaces while surface deformation testify to abrasive wear. It was found that oxides formed on the surface prevented direct metal-to-metal contact and reduced the coefficient of friction thereby reducing wear. A comparison of wear resistances of Fe, Ni- and Co-based alloys used as hardfacings were given. It is also shown that Ni–Co alloys with Ni-alloy content between 40.4 and 64.3 have a considerable potential, they reveal above 2 times higher wear resistance than plasma-deposited cobalt alloy.     

钛合金激光熔覆的研究现状与发展趋势

钛合金具有高比强、良好的耐蚀性能等优点,但其耐磨性差,限制了它在摩擦机构的应用.激光熔覆技术是近年来发展起来的一种新型表面改性工艺.在钛合金表面进行激光熔覆,可提高钛合金的表面性能,获得高硬度、耐磨性能好、低摩擦系数的熔覆层.简要阐述了钛合金表面激光熔覆的研究现状,包括激光熔覆工艺、熔覆层的组织与性能,指出了存在的问题,并展望了钛合金激光熔覆的发展方向.     

微量W元素的添加对CoCrFeNiMnAl高熵合金的组织与性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

高熵合金(HEAs)表现出比传统合金更为优异的耐磨耐蚀性能,逐渐成为金属材料领域的研究热点。采用金属热还原法制备不同W含量的CoCrFeNiMnAlW_(x)(x=0.12,0.15,0.19)高熵合金,研究微量W元素的添加对CoCrFeNiMnAlW_(x)高熵合金的相结构、微观组织与性能的影响。采用XRD,SEM和EDS等技术表征该合金的相结构、显微组织及元素分布,利用材料表面性能测试仪和电化学工作站测定该合金的摩擦磨损性能和电化学腐蚀性能。结果表明:不同W含量高熵合金均由两种不同晶格常数的BCC相组成,随着W含量的增加,BCC1相微观相貌并没有明显的变化,但是BCC2相的微观形貌和元素分布随W含量的变化而明显变化,而耐磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能均有一定程度的提高,CoCrFeNiMnAlW_(0.19)合金的摩擦因数和磨损率分别为0.684和1.06×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m),磨损机制由黏着磨损转变为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损相结合,最后再转变为摩擦磨损;在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电流密度从6.08×10^(-6)A/cm^(2)减小到1.72×10^(-6)A/cm^(2),腐蚀速率也逐渐减小。     

The Progress on Laser Surface Modification Techniques of Titanium Alloy

Titanium alloy is widely used in aviation, national defence, automobile, medicine and other fields because of their advantages in lower density, corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance etc. As titanium alloy is higher friction coefficients, weak wear resistance, bad high temperature oxidation resistance and lower biocompatibility, its applications are restricted. Using laser surface modification techniques can significantly improve the surface properties of titanium alloy. a review is given for progress on laser surface modification techniques of titanium alloy in this paper.     

注铌法改善铀及铀铌合金抗蚀性的研究

利用离子注入表面优化技术,在贫铀及铀铌合金基体上进行了离子注入铌表面改性处理,并主性层元素的分布、化学急及耐腐蚀性能进行了分析和测试。实验结果表明,离子洲主铌可不同程度地提高贫铀及Ｕ－Ｎｂ（１）全合的抗电化学腐蚀、水汽腐蚀及热氧化腐蚀能力。最后讨论了注铌改性腐蚀性提高的原因。     

钛合金表面阳极微弧等离子体渗硼层的研究

采用阳极微弧等离子体技术研究了钛合金表面渗硼层的微观组织和性能。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDS)表征分析了渗硼层的表面和截面的微观组织、形貌、相结构、渗层元素分布。借助摩擦磨损试验机测试了渗硼层的耐磨性,运用电化学工作站对渗硼后的TC4材料进行了耐腐蚀性测试。结果表明,钛合金表面阳极微弧等离子体渗硼技术制备的渗硼层连续致密。渗硼层主要由金属间化合物TiB2和TiB组成,其与氧化层共同作用,能显著提高钛合金表面的耐磨性。渗硼后的TC4钛合金耐腐蚀性较基体有所降低。表面阳极微弧等离子体技术是一种新型的钛合金表面改性方法。     

Ti based biomaterials,the ultimate choice for orthopaedic implants – A review

The field of biomaterials has become a vital area, as these materials can enhance the quality and longevity of human life and the science and technology associated with this field has now led to multi-million dollar business. The paper focuses its attention mainly on titanium-based alloys, even though there exists biomaterials made up of ceramics, polymers and composite materials. The paper discusses the biomechanical compatibility of many metallic materials and it brings out the overall superiority of Ti based alloys, even though it is costlier. As it is well known that a good biomaterial should possess the fundamental properties such as better mechanical and biological compatibility and enhanced wear and corrosion resistance in biological environment, the paper discusses the influence of alloy chemistry, thermomechanical processing and surface condition on these properties. In addition, this paper also discusses in detail the various surface modification techniques to achieve superior biocompatibility, higher wear and corrosion resistance. Overall, an attempt has been made to bring out the current scenario of Ti based materials for biomedical applications.