高原士兵认知功能对射击训练成绩的影响

目的探讨高原士兵的认知功能与射击训练成绩的关系。方法采用选择反应时间测试和数字符号、数字跨度、视觉持留记忆和目标追踪等测验,对108名驻高海拔地区的士兵进行评估。结果高原地区士兵的射击训练成绩与选择反应时间(r为-0.391～-0.525,P<0.01)、目标追踪等测验的结果有显著相关(r为0.229,P<0.05)。结论高海拔地区士兵的认知功能降低对射击成绩产生不利影响,在高原地区心理运动功能与射击训练之间有密切关系,在高原军人的认知功能对军事活动同样有较好的预测效应。     

武警某部士兵体质研究

 目的了解入伍新兵以及不同兵龄士兵的体质状况和变化规律,以掌握该部队士兵体质的总体状况.方法测量武警某部队1 730名男士兵的身体形态、生理机能、力量素质和运动能力并进行综合分析.结果入伍新兵的身体素质与同龄人相比没有明显优势;兵龄长短是影响战士体质水平的重要因素,随着入伍时间的延长战士体质呈明显发展趋势.结论本研究测量的武警某机动部队战士体质状况良好.     

训练程度与士兵体能关系研究

体能是士兵作战能力的基础条件之一，为了解部队训练对战士体能影响，我们对驻甘肃某部新老战士和两个不同训练强度部队士兵体能进行了调查分析。     

武警重庆总队拓展卫生专业士兵训练模式见成效

本刊讯2011年10月18日至19日,武警重庆总队组织全总队卫生专业士兵进行了职业技能鉴定,合格率100％。     

低海拔亚热带地区士兵认知能力与军事训练成绩的相关分析

我国西南边防某地,海拔几十米,属低海拔亚热带地区,军队需在这样的环境下执行各种任务。为提高部队军事训练的水平,更好地完成多样化军事任务,军人的素质显得尤其重要。为了解该地区军事训练成绩与认知能力的关系,对该地区某部的124名士兵进行认知功能测试,并收集其近期的军事训练成绩进行分析,现将结果报告如下。     

调适训练对士兵心理健康影响的研究

为了探索部队士兵心理疾病防治方法,从2002年3月~2003年9月,对某部2002年度入伍的298名战士进行心理“调节情绪,适应现实”训练,预防和治疗心理疾患的研究,现报告如下。1对象和方法1.1对象2002年入伍并经过训练的战士298名,均为男性,年龄17~21岁。文化程度:大专以上6名,高中(中专)182名,初中110名;兵源:城镇162名,农村136名;独生子女266名,非独生子女32名。1.2方法分组:上述人员分布在6个中队。按客观因素相同的原则分为两组,每组3个中队。一组为调适训练组(下称调适组),另一组为对照组,每组人数均为149人。2002年3月采用SCL-90问卷对两组…     

新兵军训成绩与积极心理品质关系研究

目的:考察新兵军事训练成绩与积极心理品质等心理特征的关系。方法:运用随机整群抽样方法抽取某部队18~23岁的300名男性新兵,采用新兵积极心理品质评估问卷(PMCS-R)、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)和自尊量表(SES)对其进行评定。军事训练结束后对新兵进行精准射击、投弹和3000米跑步考核。分析新兵军事训练成绩与积极心理品质、应对方式和自尊之间的关系。结果:射击成绩与负性事件呈负相关(r=-0.169,P<0.05);投弹距离与部队压力、适应能力和自控呈负相关(r=-0.130,-0.137,-0.122,均P<0.05);3000米跑与部队压力、适应能力和自尊得分呈正相关(r=0.147,0.131,0.181,均P<0.05),与预期、11种积极心理品质得分、积极应对得分和年龄呈负相关(r=-0.238~-0.139,均P<0.05);回归分析表明,负性事件能解释射击成绩2.9%的变异量(F=8.210,P<0.05);自控和适应能力能解释投弹距离成绩4.5%的变异量(F=6.460,P<0.05);信仰和预期相比可以解释3000米跑步7.6%的变异量(F=11.431,P<0.05)。结论:自控、信仰、负性事件、适应能力和预期是影响新兵军事训练成绩的重要社会心理因素。     

兴奋剂增强士兵持续作战能力的作用研究

增强军队在战场的持续作战能力和生存能力是军队卫生保障措施研究的主题。持续作战为不停顿的、不得休息和睡眠的连续作战行动。兴奋剂是外军支持士兵持续作战行动所倚仗的一条重要措施。最近美军事心理学杂志系统地报道了美军这方面的研究情况,综述如     

两种恢复方式对士兵冲刺间歇训练效果的影响

 目的 探讨冲刺间歇训练时两种恢复方式(积极性恢复 vs. 消极性恢复)对士兵运动能力和训练效果的影响。方法 选取18名男性武警士兵完成6组冲刺间歇训练(30 s Wingate全力蹬车试验),间歇期(4 min)分别进行消极性恢复(即在功率自行车上休息)和积极性恢复(以1.1 W/kg负荷继续蹬车),每次Wingate试验时(不包括间歇期)记录峰值功率(PP)、平均功率(MP)、疲劳指数(FI)、总做功(TW)和心率(HR)等参数。结果 与消极性恢复比较,积极性恢复PP在第2次Wingate试验时降低(P<0.05),MP和HR在第4~6次Wingate试验时升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),FI和TW差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 积极性恢复可提高冲刺间歇训练后期的训练效果, 士兵应根据训练方案选择合理的恢复方式。     

间歇性无氧运动对小鼠脑、心肌、骨骼肌抗氧化能力及脂质过氧化损伤的影响

目的:观察间歇性无氧运动对小鼠脑、心肌、骨骼肌抗氧化能力和脂质过氧化损伤的影响.方法:选用96只昆明雄性小鼠,建立间歇无氧运动模型,观察运动后脑、心肌、骨骼肌SOD活性、T-AOC能力及MDA含量的变化及间歇性无氧运动对小鼠行为能力的影响.结果:间歇运动后,小鼠骨骼肌SOD活性、T-AOC及MDA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05).心肌SOD和T-AOC变化与骨骼肌大致相同,显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但MDA差异不显著(P>0.05).脑组织T-AOC升高显著(P<0.05).结果显示:间歇运动使小鼠体重自然增长速度延缓.间歇性无氧运动对小鼠抗氧化能力及脂质过氧化水平的影响存在较明显的组织差异.     

武警战士军事训练与皮肤病患病相关性调查

 目的 探讨军事训练与武警战士皮肤病患病之间关系.方法 采用皮肤病调查表对4 363名武警战士不同年度和训练前、训练后3个月、训练后1年皮肤病患病率分别进行调查比较.结果 发现训练3个月后毛囊炎、浅部真菌病和皮炎湿疹等皮肤疾病明显高于训练前(P＜0.05);训练1年浅部真菌病、皮炎湿疹和疣患病率明显高于训练后3个月并存在显著性差异(P＜0.05).2004年度战士浅部真菌病、皮炎湿疹和疣患病率明显低于2003年度,但日光性皮炎明显高于前1年,并存在显著性差异(P＜0.05 ).菌种分布以红色毛癣菌为主.结论 军事训练与皮肤病存在一定正相关关系,采取措施后可降低其发生率.     

Relationship between aerobic and anaerobic parameters and functional classification in wheelchair basketball players

Participation in sports for individuals with disabilities continues to gain popularity. In order to provide fair and equitable competition among persons with different disabilities and functional capacity, a separate functional classification system has been devised for each sport. The aims of the present study were to evaluate aerobic and anaerobic performance of wheelchair basketball athletes and verify a correlation with the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation functional classification system. For this, 17 highly trained male Brazilian basketball wheelchair athletes (25.4±4.4 years) from the national team who had taken part in the Athens 2004 Paralympic Games were assessed. These athletes were submitted to cardiopulmonary exercise testing and Wingate‐like 30‐s sprint test using upper limbs. The present study demonstrated that the functional classification score correlated with relative (r=0.90; P<0.0001) and absolute peak power (r=0.50; P=0.0353) and absolute mean power (r=0.93; P<0.0001) obtained from the Wingate‐like 30‐s sprint test and also correlated with absolute O₂ peak (r=0.68; P=0.0026) and O₂ at ventilatory threshold (r=0.71; P=0.0014), measured on cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Therefore, our findings support the functional classification created to classify athletes' functional capability on the court, which also correlated with aerobic and anaerobic performance parameters of the elite wheelchair basketball players.     

血氨在士兵体能训练监控中的应用

 目的探讨血氨(bloodammonia,BA)作为部队军事体能训练监控指标的可行性。方法90名武警某部战士随机分为3组,分别进行100m跑、400m障碍和蛙跳训练。测定各组训练前后BA、血乳酸(bloodlacticacid,Bla)、肌酸激酶(creatinekinase,CK)和血浆游离DNA(cell-freeplasmaDNA,cf-DNA)的变化,分析BA与其他各指标的相关关系并计算Pearson相关系数。结果三组各指标基础值(训练前水平)均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。与训练前比较,100m组BA、CK和cf-DNA均显著升高(均为P<0.01),而Bla无统计学变化(P>0.05);400m障碍组和蛙跳组所有指标均显著升高(均为P<0.01)。相关分析显示,100m组BA与CK、cf-DNA均呈显著正相关(分别为P<0.05和P<0.01),而与Bla无显著相关性(P>0.05);400m障碍组和蛙跳组BA与Bla、CK、cf-DNA均呈显著正相关(均为P<0.01)。结论BA可作为士兵无氧训练科目简便易行的监控指标。     

武警新战士运动应激时心率和血压的变化

 目的 检测新入伍战士运动应激时心率和血压的反应.方法 采用活动平板运动试验,按照标准的Bruce方案从第3级开始对85名新入伍战士进行试验,测量休息时、运动应激中每3 min和恢复阶段每2 min的心率和血压.结果 运动应激开始后心率较安静时成倍增加,此后心率随着运动应激量的增加而增快,极量心率约为安静时的2.5倍,增加117次/min,期间有两个高峰,分别为运动至第5级和第7级时.恢复期心率以停止运动后2 min内减慢明显(减慢36次/min),10 min后恢复正常;运动应激时血压升高,以收缩压升高为主,应激过程中收缩压和舒张压分别约增加21 mmHg和4 mmHg,12 min后恢复至安静时水平,运动应激后舒张压持续降低.结论 运动应激时心率和收缩压的变化呈双峰型,心率恢复较血压快.     

Intermittent hypoxia at rest for improvement of athletic performance

Two modalities of applying hypoxia at rest are reviewed in this paper: intermittent hypoxic exposure (IHE), which consists of hypoxic air for 5–6 min alternating with breathing room air for 4–5 min during sessions lasting 60–90 min, or prolonged hypoxic exposure (PHE) to normobaric or hypobaric hypoxia over up to 3 h/day. Hypoxia with IHE is usually in the range of 12–10%, corresponding to an altitude of about 4000–6000 m. Normobaric or hypobaric hypoxia with PHE corresponds to altitudes of 4000–5500 m. Five of six studies applying IHE and all four well-controlled studies using PHE could not show a significant improvement with these modalities of hypoxic exposure for sea level performance after 14–20 sessions of exposure, with the exception of swimmers in whom there might be a slight improvement by PHE in combination with a subsequent tapering. There is no direct or indirect evidence that IHE or PHE induce any significant physiological changes that might be associated with improving athletic performance at sea level. Therefore, IHE and PHE cannot be recommended for preparation of competitions held at sea level.     

Quantification of anaerobic capacity

Anaerobic capacity may be defined as the maximal amount of ATP formed by the anaerobic processes during a single bout of maximal exercise. While several methods have been presented to measure a person's anaerobic capacity, none have become universally accepted. The muscle biopsy technique provides information on the anaerobic energy release from direct measures of ATP and CP breakdown and muscle lactate concentrations. As a practical measure of anaerobic capacity, the method may be limited, as it is an invasive, skilled technique. Furthermore, it has the limitation of measuring relative changes in concentrations, not amounts, such that the anaerobic contribution is estimated from estimates of the active muscle mass involvement. Measurement of lactate in blood after exhaustive exercise has frequently been used, but several factors suggest that, while it provides an indication of the extent of anaerobic glycolysis, it cannot be used as a quantitative measure of the anaerobic energy yield. The mean power during an all-out effort on a bicycle ergometer has also been assumed to be a measure of anaerobic capacity, yet it provides only an indication of the ability to maintain high power outputs. Concerns over the duration of the test, the protocol and type of ergometer used and the contribution of the aerobic energy system to the energy supply also limit its validity as a measure of anaerobic capacity. The oxygen debt, defined as the recovery oxygen uptake above resting metabolic rates, has been discredited as a valid and reliable measure of the anaerobic capacity, as it is generally acknowledged that mechanisms other than the metabolism of lactate also contribute to the post-exercise oxygen uptake. The recent work of Medbø et al. in re-examining the issue of oxygen deficit has created considerable interest in its use as a measure of anaerobic capacity. The measurement of oxygen deficit directly depends on the accurate assessment of the energy cost of the work completed. This is not difficult during submaximal exercise, as the steady-state oxygen uptake represents the energy costs. During exhaustive supramaximal exercise, the validity of the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit as a measure of the anaerobic capacity has been questioned, as the energy cost is estimated and not measured, either by assuming a given mechanical efficiency or by extrapolating the submaximal relationship between work intensity and oxygen uptake to supramaximal levels. Despite these theoretical objections, the maximal accumuiated oxygen deficit method remains a promising measure of the anaerobic capacity, as it provides a non-invasive means of quantifying the anaerobic energy release during exhaustive exercise.     

Examining the relationship between endogenous pain modulation capacity and endurance exercise performance

The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between pain modulatory capacity and endurance exercise performance. Twenty-seven recreationally active males between 18 and 35 years of age participated in the study. Pain modulation was assessed by examining the inhibitory effect of a noxious conditioning stimulus (cuff occlusion) on the perceived intensity of a second noxious stimulus (pressure pain threshold). Participants completed two, maximal voluntary contractions followed by a submaximal endurance time task. Both performance tasks involved an isometric contraction of the non-dominant leg. The main analysis uncovered a correlation between pain modulatory capacity and performance on the endurance time task (r = ?.425, p = .027), such that those with elevated pain modulation produced longer endurance times. These findings are the first to demonstrate the relationship between pain modulation responses and endurance exercise performance.     

Influence of intermittent anaerobic exercise on mouse physical endurance and antioxidant components

Objective

To determine the effect of intermittent anaerobic exercise on physical endurance, antioxidant capacity, and lipid peroxidation of brain, heart, and skeletal muscles in mice.

Methods

Mice were made to perform intermittent (with short or long rest intervals) anaerobic swimming on six consecutive days. Body weight was monitored. Tissue total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) were determined on the 2nd, 4th, and 6th day. Physical endurance was determined on day 7 by using an exhaustive swimming test and a static grasping test.

Results

The intermittent anaerobic exercise resulted in decreased growth rate and physical endurance capacity, as indicated by less weight gain and shorter time to exhaustion during the exhaustive swimming and static grasping test (p<0.05). It also led to a higher T‐AOC in muscle, heart, and brain, higher SOD activity in muscle and heart, and higher TBARS content in muscle (p<0.05). This type of exercise had no effect on brain SOD and TBARS. The changes in T‐AOC in brain, muscle, and heart were all more pronounced the longer the experiment continued (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Intermittent anaerobic exercise reduced growth and physical endurance and increased tissue antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation.     

野外驻训官兵心理健康状况的调查研究

目的探讨野外驻训官兵的心理健康状况。方法采用症状自评量表对野外驻训官兵1 248人进行心理健康测评,并与中国军人常模比较。结果士兵组、士官组、军官组各项因子分、阳性项目数及总分均高于中国军人常模,尤以躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、偏执等明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论野外驻训官兵心理健康水平低于中国军人常模,应对野外驻训官兵进行有针对性地心理干预。