超巨磁电阻材料Pr2/3Sr1/3MnO3薄膜输运性质的研究

对1/f噪声缺口的超巨磁电阻Pr_2/3Sr_1/3MnO₃薄膜样品从10K到室温的热电势值进行了测量，热电势为负值，低温下随温度线性变化，表现为金属扩散热电势，在150K开始急剧减小，过渡到与温度T成反比的变化关系，与小极化子模型相符.结合在电阻极大温度附近对电阻和1/f噪声行为的讨论，对于发生在电阻极大温度附近的相变过程，结果支持源于相分离的渝渗模型. 关键词： 稀土锰氧化物 热电势 渝渗模型     

新型超导体MgCNi3的输运性质研究

测量了新型超导体MgCNi3(Tc=8K)的电阻率、正常态Hall效应和热电势等输运性质.电阻率温度曲线表明,在高于70K的温区可以用电声子散射的BlochGr櫣ｎｅｉｓｅｎ公式拟合.Hall系数RH和热电势S在Tc以上的整个温度范围都为负值,强烈表明MgCNi3的载流子类型为电子型.RH在从Tc到140K的温区内基本不随温度变化,但在140K到室温范围,RH随温度升高其绝对值减小,对RH的这种温度依赖关系进行了讨论.S在150K以上近似与温度成线性关系,而在150K以下显示非线性,用电声子相互作用的重整 关键词： 电阻率 热电势 Hall效应     

新型超导体MgB2的热电势和电阻率研究

测量了MgB₂的热电势和电阻率与温度的依赖关系.在100K—300K区间,热电势呈近似线性温度依赖关系,其斜率为正,表明载流子为空穴型且与能带贡献的图像相一致.与此对应,在此温区电阻率呈T²依赖关系.在100K以下,热电势和电阻率各自转变了其高温区的温度依赖关系.热电势在超导转变温度T_c(零电阻366K)到100K间有一宽峰,具有声子曳引峰的特征,表明电子-声子相互作用很强.估算了一些重要的参数,如带米能E_F、能带宽度 关键词： 新型超导体 热电势 电阻率     

超巨磁电阻材料Pr0.67Sr0.33MnO31/f噪声缺口的发现

采用锁相放大器从液氮温度到室温实时记录超巨磁电阻材料Pr0.67Sr0.33MnO3 l/f噪声的大小随温度的变化，在电阻峰值温度约为160K的样品上，在略低于峰值温度处观测到温度宽度约为5K的1／f噪声缺口，文中并对这一现象的物理原因，作了初步的分析。     

TlBaCaCuO超导体的热电势率

测量了零电阻温度为114K 的 TlBaCaCuO 超导体的热电势率,结果表明,在150K 以上热电势率与温度的关系可用 S=AT+B/T 表示,说明在这类高温超导体中声子曳引热电势即使在高温区也不能忽略,存在电-声子相互作用.     

NbSe_3的热电势率

测量了NbSe_3从4.2K 到273K的热电势率(S)与温度(T)之间的关系.由 S-T 曲线分析了在相变点附近由于形成 CDW,被破坏的 Fermi 面占总 Fermi 面的百分比α随温度的变化规律.实验发现 S-T 曲线在10K 附近还存在一个峰.     

Sr2RuO4的热电势

Sr2RuO4是第一个无CuO面的层状强关联氧化物超导体.测量了9至260K温度范围内Sr2RuO4的热电势,观测到在此温度范围内其热电势为正值.用两种载流子模型对实验数据进行了拟合,并且与Hall系数的实验结果进行了比较,发现低温下两种载流子对热电势和Hall系数的贡献比较类似,但在高温区空穴对热电势的贡献很大而相应地对Hall系数的贡献不占主要地位. 关键词： Sr2RuO4 热电势     

Zn掺杂La2CuO4热电势和磁化率研究

测量了La2CuO4掺Zn样品在不同降温速率下(330K保温05h,然后分别以6Kh,02Ks的速度降到8K)的直流磁化率和热电势.实验结果表明,反铁磁温度TN不随降温速率变化而变化,其直流磁化率也未受很大影响.高温热电势弱的温度依赖关系表明为极化子气体的贡献.热电势在转折温度Tdrop之下的快速降低是由于二维反铁磁涨落的贡献.热电势在更低温度的拐点TS与载流子的局域化有关.降温速率变化时,Tdrop和TS都有明显的变化.Zn掺杂对Tdrop和TS没有明显影响,但导致了更强的载流子局域化.讨论了上述现象产生的物理图像 关键词： La2CuO4 直流磁化率 热电势     

宽范围偏置电流下的GaAlAs红外发光二极管1/f噪声特性

在宽范围偏置条件下,测量了GaAlAs红外发光二极管(IRLED)的低频噪声,发现1/f噪声幅值与偏置电流的γ次方成正比,在小电流区,γ≈1,在大电流区γ≈2.基于载流子数涨落和迁移率涨落机制建立了一个GaAlAs IRLED 1/f噪声模型,该模型的分析表明,低电流区GaAlAs IRLED的1/f噪声源于体陷阱对载流子俘获和发射导致的扩散电流涨落,高电流区的1/f噪声源于结空间电荷区附近氧化层陷阱对该处表面势的调制而引起载流子表面复合速率的涨落.该研究结果为1/f噪声表征GaAlAs IRLED的可靠性提供了实验基础与理论依据.     

钙钛矿(La1-yTby)0.67Sr0.33MnO3的超巨磁电阻效应

采用固相反应烧结法制成了钙钛矿(La_1-yTb_y)_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃(y=0—1)多晶样品.研究了样品的微观结构,常温、低温下的磁性,样品的磁电阻随温度、成分的变化关系,电阻随温度变化特性等.并在y=0.40样品中,170K附近、最大磁化场为7T时,观察到了900%的巨磁电阻. 关键词：     

Physical properties of BaMg1/3Nb2/3O3-BaCo1/3Nb2/3O3 solid solutions

Structural, electric and magnetic properties of Ba₃Mg_1−xCo_xNb₂O₉ based dielectric ceramic compounds have been studied. The samples, prepared by a solid state reaction method, were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), electron microscopy (SEM), dielectric (ε(T)) and magnetic measurements (χ⁻¹(T)). The XRPD analyses showed that the crystal structure of these compounds does change by the increase of substitution degree, passing from a superstructure hexagonal-type, (no. 164), space group (SG) to a simple structure cubic-type, (no. 221), SG. However, the evolution of the elementary unit cell lattice parameter can be followed and it exhibit a linear increasing tendency with increase in the substitution, indicating the existence of a solid solution through out the investigated range of substitution (0-1). The microstructure analysis shows a variation in the grain size and also the porosity of the samples with the degree of substitution. The results are in good agreement with that of dielectric measurements, which also showed that the dielectric constant (ε) increases with the increase of cobalt content. The magnetic characterization of cobalt substituted samples showed an antiferromagnetic type super-exchange interaction between these magnetic ions. At the same time, the values of effective magnetic momentum (μ_eff) are close to the value that corresponds to Co²⁺ free ions. The study highlights the possibility of modelling these materials by substitutions, in order to improve properties of negative-positive-zero (NPO) type dielectric applications.     

Polarization characteristics of the relaxor ceramics of multicomponent system with PbNb2/3Zn1/3O3, PbNb2/3Mg1/3O3, and PbTiO3

The phenomenon of dielectric hysteresis in the relaxor ceramics of multicomponent system with PbNb_2/3Zn1/₃O₃, PbNb_2/3Mg_1/3O₃, PbTiO₃ has been studied. The influence of different modifiers on polarization characteristics is examined and the correlations of these properties with the phase and chemical composition of the ceramics are investigated. The results obtained can be used to predict relaxor properties.     

La0.67Ca0.33MnO3薄膜皮秒光电效应

在1064 nm波长脉冲激光（脉宽25 ps）的照射下，钙钛矿氧化物薄膜La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/SrTiO3具有超快光电效应，对激光脉冲显示ps量级的响应时间，上升沿响应时间300 ps，半高宽700 ps，同时，对激光能量的响应灵敏度为500 mV/mJ。     

E-T phase diagrams of a solid solution of the multicomponent PbZn1/3Nb2/3O3-PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-PbNi1/3Nb2/3O3-PbTiO3 system near the morphotropic phase boundary

The specific features of the dielectric and pyroelectric responses of a solid solution in the barium-doped multicomponent yPbZn_1/3Nb_2/3O₃-mPbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃-nPbNi_1/3Nb_2/3O₃-xPbTiO₃ system of the composition y = 0.0982, m = 0.4541, n = 0.1477, and x = 0.3 near the morphotropic phase boundary have been investigated. It has been assumed that the maxima revealed in the dependences of the reversible permittivity on the electric field strength with both the forward and backward changes in the field (E ₌) are associated with the induced phase transition. Based on the experimental results, the E-T phase diagrams are constructed in the temperature range from ?100 to 150°C for different temperature-field regimes: (i) variation in the electric field E ₌ at a fixed temperature of the sample and (ii) variation in the temperature of the sample at a constant value of E ₌. It has been found that there is a singular point in the E-T phase diagram and that, in the vicinity of this point, the dielectric and pyroelectric responses of the studied ceramics exhibit specific features.     

La2/3Ca1/3MnO3/Eu2CuO4/La2/3Ca1/3MnO3磁性隧道结的制备与表征

采用磁控溅射，紫外线光刻和离子束刻蚀制备了La_2/3Ca_1/3MnO₃/Eu₂CuO₄/La_2/3Ca_1/3MnO₃磁性隧道结.通过对获得的磁性隧道结的I-V特性测量，发现非线性的I-V特性，显示结样品的隧穿特性.有趣的是发现在电极材料La_2/3Ca_1/3MnO₃的金属-绝缘体转变温度(Tp)以下，I-V曲线出现一个跳变.随着温度降低，开始出现跳变的临界电流增大，但是跳变都发生在同样的电压下～209mV.当电流增大或减小在跳变点附近出现回滞.这一跳变只发生在铁磁金属态，表明这是一个磁性相关联的效应，可能对应一种新的磁性开关过程.虽然，目前对这一现象背后的物理机理还不清楚，但是，这一现象有可能在未来自旋电子学器件方面具有潜在的应用价值. 关键词： 庞磁电阻 磁性隧道结 开关效应     

Colossal room-temperature magnetoresistance of La1/3Nd1/3Sr1/3MnO3 single crystals

Replacement of one half of the neodymium ions by lanthanum in Nd_2/3Sr_1/3MnO₃ is shown to result in a considerable increase in the Curie temperature. The single-crystal La_1/3Nd_1/3Sr_1/3MnO₃, whose Curie point lies at 315 K, has been found to exhibit a record-high magnetoresistance of 27% in a weak magnetic field of 8.4 kOe in the temperature range above room temperature.     

AC conduction mechanisms of Gd1/3Sr2/3FeO3 ceramic

In this study, the AC conductivity of insulating Gd_1/3Sr_2/3FeO₃ was analyzed within the framework of the quantum-mechanical tunneling mechanism (QMT) and the hopping of barrier mechanism (HOB). Experimental data were taken from 20 Hz to 1 MHz and from 80 to 300 K. Observation revealed that the small polaron QMT model is the more suitable mechanism for modeling the AC conductivity of Gd1/3Sr2/3FeO3 at low temperatures.     

La2/3Ca1/3MnO3/Eu2CuO4/La2/3Ca1/3MnO3磁性隧道结的制备与表征

采用磁控溅射,紫外线光刻和离子束刻蚀制备了La2/3Ca1/3MnO3lEu2CuO4/La2/3Ca1/3MnO3磁性隧道结.通过对获得的磁性隧道结的Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性测量,发现非线性的Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性,显示结样品的隧穿特性.有趣的是发现在电极材料La2/3Ca1/3MnO3的金属-绝缘体转变温度(Tp)以下,Ⅰ-Ⅴ曲线出现一个跳变.随着温度降低,开始出现跳变的临界电流增大,但是跳变都发生在同样的电压下～209mV.当电流增大或减小在跳变点附近出现回滞.这一跳变只发生在铁磁金属态,表明这是一个磁性相关联的效应,可能对应一种新的磁性开关过程.虽然,目前对这一现象背后的物理机理还不清楚,但是,这一现象有可能在未来自旋电子学器件方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence in La2/3Ca1/3MnO3

Visible photoluminescence and its temperature dependence of La_2/3Ca_1/3MnO₃ in the temperature range 138-293 K were measured. It was observed that the main broad band centered at ∼1.77 eV with the shoulders at ∼1.57 and ∼1.90 eV existed in the entire temperature range. It can be well fitted by three Gaussian curves B₁, B₂ and B₃ centered at ∼1.52, ∼1.75 and ∼1.92 eV, respectively. The intensities of the peak B₁ and B₂ vary as temperature increases. In the entire temperature range, the intensity of B₁ increases with increasing temperature, whereas that of B₂ decreases. The photoluminescence mechanisms for La_2/3Ca_1/3MnO₃ are presented based on the electronic structures formed by the interactions among spin, charge and lattice, in which B₁ was identified with the charge transfer excitation of an electron from the lower Jahn-Teller split e_g level of a Mn³⁺ ion to the e_g level of an adjacent Mn⁴⁺ ion, B₂ is assigned to the transition between the spin up and spin down e_g bands separated by Hund's coupling energy E_J and B₃ is attributed to the transition, determined by the crystal field energy E_C, between a t_2g core electron of Mn³⁺ to the spin up e_g bands of Mn⁴⁺ by a dipole allowed charge transfer process.     

Giant dielectric relaxation in SrTiO3-SrMg1/3Nb2/3O3 and SrTiO3-SrSc1/2Ta1/2O3 solid solutions

Ceramic samples of (1−x)SrTiO₃-xSrMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ and (1−x)SrTiO₃-xSrSc_1/2Ta_1/2O₃ were prepared, and their dielectric properties were studied at x=0.005–0.15 and 0.01–0.1, respectively, at frequencies 10 Hz–1 MHz and at temperatures 4.2–350 K. A giant dielectric relaxation was observed in the temperature range 150–300 K, and not so strong but well-developed relaxation was found in the temperature range 20–90 K. The activation energy U and the relaxation time τ₀ were determined to be 0.21–0.3 eV and from 10⁻¹¹ to 10⁻¹² s for the high-temperature relaxation and 0.01–0.02 eV and 10⁻⁸–10⁻¹⁰ s for the low-temperature relaxation, respectively. The additional local charge compensation of the heterovalent impurities Mg²⁺ and Nb⁵⁺ (or Sc³⁺ and Ta⁵⁺) by free charge carriers or the host ion vacancies is suggested to be the underlying physical mechanism of the relaxation phenomena. On the basis of this mechanism, the Maxwell-Wagner model and the model of reorienting dipole centers Mg²⁺ (or Sc³⁺) associated with the oxygen vacancy are proposed to explain the high-temperature relaxation with some arguments in favor of the latter model. The polaron-like model with the Nb⁵⁺-Ti³⁺ center is suggested as the origin of the low-temperature relaxation. The reasons for the absence of ferroelectric phase transitions in the solid solutions under study are also discussed. From Fizika Tverdogo Tela, Vol. 44, No. 11, 2002, pp. 1948–1957. Original English Text Copyright ? 2002 by Lemanov, Sotnikov, Smirnova, Weihnacht. This article was submitted by the authors in English.