淮北煤田永固井田岩浆岩侵入特征及煤厚预测

通过对淮北煤田闸河矿区永固井田岩浆岩发育特征的剖析,探讨了其形成机理,发现该井田岩浆侵入具有“倒贯”、波动性、选层性等特征．在此基础上,进一步采用趋势面分析方法,对３煤层厚度与岩浆岩厚度之间的关系进行了研究,预测了厚煤区的展布位置,求取了煤炭储量,成果对采区布置具有一定的指导意义．     

淮南矿区井田小构造对煤与瓦斯突出的控制作用

井田小构造要素是控制煤与瓦斯突出的主要地质因素,它综合影响其他因素,会造成不同破坏程度的煤体结构.对淮南矿区煤与瓦斯突出点构造资料的统计表明,突出点受构造控制的占近64%,而煤、岩巷中的构造控制突出占近72%,突出点由小断层引起煤层产状及煤体结构强烈揉皱的占100%.淮南矿区煤与瓦斯突出点的构造组合形式分断层构造、断层与褶皱叠加和褶皱构造三类,其中断层组合又分地堑型、阶梯型、断层交汇型、挤压构造型和顺层断层型五种.小构造发育是造成煤与瓦斯突出平面分区性和空间分带性的主要原因,构造煤发育程度是造成煤与瓦斯突出发生的直接原因;必须进一步加强小构造对构造煤发育控制范围的研究,提高煤与瓦斯突出预测预报地质构造指标的可靠性.     

瓦斯突出煤体探测的物性前提及应用

介绍了利用无线电波坑道透视技术进行瓦斯突出煤体探测的物性前提及电磁波在由突出煤体和非突出煤体组成的瓦斯突出煤层中传播时的电性响应 .以一工作面的探测方法、资料解释及回采验证情况 ,说明了实现突出煤体无线电波坑道透视探测的可能性及存在问题 .     

Propagation law of shock waves and gas flow in cross roadway caused by coal and gas outburst

In order to study the propagation law of shock waves and gas flow during coal and gas outburst, we analyzed the formation process of outburst shock waves and gas flow and established the numerical simulation models of the roadways with 45° intersection and 135° intersection to simulate the propagation of outburst gas flow and the process of gas transport. Based on the analysis of the simulation results, we obtained the qualitative and quantitative conclusions on the characteristics and patterns of propagation and attenuation of outburst shock waves and gas flow. With the experimental models, we investigated the outburst shock waves and gas flow in the roadways with the similar structures to the simulated ones. According to the simulation results, when the angle between the driving roadway and the adjacent roadway increased, the sudden pressure variation range in adjacent roadway and the influencing scope of gas flow increased and the sudden pressure variation duration decreased. The intersection between the driving roadway and the adjacent roadway has no effect on airflow reversal induced by the shock waves and gas flow.     

台吉竖井瓦斯突出控制因素分析及突出区预测

从瓦斯地质理论角度出发,根据台吉竖井地质勘探和瓦斯地质资料的统计分析,揭示了地质构造演化对瓦斯的控制特征,探讨了控制矿井突出的瓦斯地质规律,分析了矿井瓦斯的突出因素,总结出台吉竖井煤与瓦斯突出的地质构造控制特征.指出地质构造演化影响矿井瓦斯的保存和逸散,而断裂构造与岩浆岩的侵入会造成瓦斯的局部聚集,是造成煤与瓦斯突出的两个主要因素,为预测矿井瓦斯突出危险区,防治煤与瓦斯突出和瓦斯治理工作提供了科学依据.     

两软一硬煤层突出控制因素与发生规律

针对两软一硬煤层特殊的瓦斯地质条件,以云盖山井田一矿二1煤层为例,探寻了两软一硬煤层煤与瓦斯突出的控制因素,分析了掘进工作面掘进期间突出预测指标的分布特征,总结归纳了"两软一硬"煤层煤与瓦斯突出发生规律.研究结果表明,由于地质构造变动,云盖山一矿二1煤层产状变化较大,煤层倾角发生急剧变化的地带,地应力集中;受层间滑动构造的影响,煤层厚度变化较大,具有突然增厚、变薄以至尖灭、挤灭现象;二1煤层构造软煤呈连续层状发育.因此,在煤层薄、厚交接处(煤层急剧变化带),小断层附近,应力集中,瓦斯积聚,煤体破坏严重,易发生突出.此项研究,可为地质条件类似矿井开展瓦斯地质研究和瓦斯灾害防治工作提供方法借鉴和理论指导.     

新安煤田煤与瓦斯突出特征及控制因素分析

为了掌握煤与瓦斯突出的特征和控制因素,提高煤矿防突工作的针对性,本文通过统计分析了新安煤田内义煤集团的4个煤与瓦斯突出矿井近年来发生的瓦斯动力现象,综合分析得出新安煤田煤与瓦斯突出具有以小型突出为主、突出前有预兆并受作业方式诱导、突出点附近瓦斯质量体积和瓦斯压力高、易发生在掘进工作面和煤层变化带的特征;分析总结了埋藏深度、瓦斯赋存、地质构造、煤层厚度变化、构造软煤、作业工艺是控制新安煤田煤与瓦斯突出的主要因素,为该煤田防治煤与瓦斯突出提供了理论指导.     

构造煤及其对煤与瓦斯突出的控制作用

高空隙率、低透气性使构造煤能够保持较高的瓦斯压力 ;破碎性、“隔离”作用及“气垫”作用 ,使构造煤抵御外力作用的能力大大降低 ;构造煤变形幅度大的特性 ,为瓦斯的迅速解吸、放散和快速流动创造了条件 ;构造煤薄弱分层或“通道层”的存在 ,则为煤与瓦斯突出的初始激发和持续发展奠定了基础 ;上述因素的共同作用 ,影响和制约了煤与瓦斯突出的强度和分布 .尽管如此 ,一定厚度的构造煤的存在只是发生煤与瓦斯突出的必要条件和有利条件 ,而非充分条件 .     

Influence of magma intrusion on gas outburst in a low rank coal mine

The effect of magma intrusion on gas outburst is illustrated by a case study of the exposed magma intrusion in the 313 mining area.upper coal seam Number 3.in the Qiwu Mine located in Shandong province...     

Response characteristics of gas pressure under simultaneous static and dynamic load: Implication for coal and gas outburst mechanism

Coal and gas outbursts are dynamic disasters in which a large mass of gas and coal suddenly emerges in a mining space within a split second. The interaction between the gas pressure and stress environment is one of the key factors that induce coal and gas outbursts. In this study, first, the coupling relationship between the gas pressure in the coal body ahead of the working face and the dynamic load was investigated using experimental observations, numerical simulations, and mine-site investiga...     

利民煤矿煤与瓦斯突出的地质构造条件研究

在对湖南利民煤矿煤与瓦斯弱突出区域、强突出区域和未突出区域的地质构造特征作详细分析后 ,发现煤层顶底板断 褶构造发育不协调、边界条件不一样 ,引起Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ各区的应力分布不均匀 ,构造复杂程度具一定的差异性 ;同时探讨了构造应力场和煤与瓦斯突出的关系 ,认为构造应力决定着突出强度的大小 ,进而控制煤与瓦斯突出的区域、密度、强度的差异性 .所得结论为矿区煤与瓦斯突出预测防治提供了理论依据 .     

煤与瓦斯突出的土力学分析

为了探索煤与瓦斯突出机理,根据岩体结构分类方法,把破坏类型为Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ类的煤视为散体结构岩体.借鉴土力学流土失稳理论分析煤与瓦斯突出机制,把临界失稳梯度作为煤体的抗突强度指标.通过对煤体瓦斯压力梯度变化过程的分析,指出低透气性煤比高透气性煤更容易发生高强度突出的原因是由于低透气性煤的"失稳分层"的单位体积煤体具有更高的气体膨胀能.提出隔渗帷幕法和反滤层法2种控突思路.     

Coal and gas outburst dynamic system

Coal and gas outburst is an extremely complex dynamic disaster in coal mine production process which will damage casualties and equipment facilities, and disorder the ventilation system by suddenly ejecting a great amount of coal and gas into roadway or working face. This paper analyzed the interaction among the three essential elements of coal and gas outburst dynamic system. A stress-seepage-damage coupling model was established which can be used to simulate the evolution of the dynamical system, and then the size scale of coal and gas outburst dynamical system was investigated. Results show that the dynamical system is consisted of three essential elements, coal-gas medium(material basis), geology dynamic environment(internal motivation) and mining disturbance(external motivation). On the case of C13 coal seam in Panyi Mine, the dynamical system exists in the range of 8–12 m in front of advancing face. The size scale will be larger where there are large geologic structures. This research plays an important guiding role for developing measures of coal and gas outburst prediction and prevention.     

煤与瓦斯突出模拟试验的研究现状与展望

综述了煤与瓦斯突出模拟试验研究现状,主要从瓦斯压力、地应力和煤体物理力学性质及其综合作用方面分析了其对煤与瓦斯突出的影响以及在这些因素影响下的突出特点、形式和规律。鉴于煤与瓦斯突出的复杂性,目前的研究还存在以下不足:(1)试验过程中用的都是颗粒煤或者是型煤,很难真实反映现场的煤层物理特性;(2)试验载荷的施加方式和大小反映不了现场煤体中真实的三维应力状态;(3)实验室模拟试验中的突出口多数情况是人为打开的,而不是煤体内部达到突出条件后自主打开的。建议使用原煤煤样、加大模拟实验尺度、采用真三轴加载方式、合理设置突出口进一步开展多因素耦合的煤与瓦斯突出模拟试验,对煤层瓦斯突出机理的研究具有重要的现实意义。     

Energy-limiting factor for coal and gas outburst occurrence in intact coal seam

This research reviewed the mechanics and gas desorption properties of intact coal, and tested the crushing work ratios of different intact coals, and then, studied the stress conditions for the failure or crushing of intact coal and the gas demand for the pulverization of intact coal particles. When a real-life outburst case is examined, the required minimum stress for intact coal outburst is estimated. The study concludes that the crushing work ratios of three intact coal samples vary from 294.3732 to 945.8048 J/m². For the real-life case, more than 2300 MJ of transport work is needed, and 10062.09, 7046.57 and 5895.47 m³ of gas is required when the gas pressure is 1, 2 and 3 MPa, respectively. The crushing work exceeds the transport work and even reaches 13.96 times of the transport work. How to provide such an enormous crushing work is an energy-limiting factor for the outburst in intact coal. The strain energy is needed for the crushing work, and the required minimum stress is over 54.35 MPa, even reaching 300.44 MPa. These minimum stresses far exceed the in-situ vertical and horizontal stresses that can be provided at the 300–700 m mining depth range.     

巨厚火成岩对下伏煤层煤与瓦斯突出事故控制作用

以海孜煤矿120m巨厚火成岩下伏煤层群12个煤样为研究对象,采用工业分析、压汞试验和显微组分定量的方法,对比分析了7,8,9,10煤层的多元物性参数和与火成岩距离的关系.结果表明:煤层靠近巨厚火成岩,连续煤样的挥发分Vdaf有减小的趋势,灰分Ad有增加的趋势.煤样的孔隙率和比表面积有缓慢增大后急剧下降的趋势,这和岩浆侵入7煤有关.镜质组反射率Rm取值范围为2.358%～2.777%,煤层靠近岩床,Rm值有递增的趋势,煤的变质程度和成熟度提高.巨厚火成岩的热演化范围大于168m(1.4倍岩床厚度).火成岩像个密封盖,对下伏煤层瓦斯有圈闭作用,容易发生煤与瓦斯突出事故.     

Pore characterization of different types of coal from coal and gas outburst disaster sites using low temperature nitrogen adsorption approach

To characterize the pore features of outburst coal samples and investigate whether outburst coal has some unique features or not, one of the authors, working as the member of the State Coal Mine Safety Committee of China, sampled nine outburst coal samples(coal powder and block) from outburst disaster sites in underground coal mines in China, and then analyzed the pore and surface features of these samples using low temperature nitrogen adsorption tests. Test data show that outburst powder and block coal samples have similar properties in both pore size distribution and surface area. With increasing coal rank, the proportion of micropores increases, which results in a higher surface area. The Jiulishan samples are rich in micropores, and other tested samples contain mainly mesopores, macropores and fewer micropores. Both the unclosed hysteresis loop and force closed desorption phenomena are observed in all tested samples. The former can be attributed to the instability of the meniscus condensation in pores,interconnected pore features of coal and the potential existence of ink-bottle pores, and the latter can be attributed to the non-rigid structure of coal and the gas affinity of coal.     

演马庄煤矿突出煤层炮采放顶煤工作面防治煤与瓦斯突出的方法和措施

介绍了演马庄煤矿 2 70 2工作面突出煤层炮采放顶煤效果检验的方法和防止煤与瓦斯突出所采取的措施 ,提出突出煤层炮采放顶煤工作面瓦斯抽放是防止煤与瓦斯突出的有效手段 ,当工作面有煤与瓦斯突出危险时 ,采取恰当的防突措施 ,能够降低煤与瓦斯突出的危险程度 ,可供同类工作面回采时借鉴     

祁东矿煤与瓦斯突出动力成因分析

针对祁东矿多发生小型突出且地点多在构造应力区的现状,采用划分地质单元方法评价其煤与瓦斯突出危险性。结果表明:4个地质单元瓦斯赋存条件和主控因素不同,25次突出集中发生的第Ⅱ单元,主控因素为地应力;测试了原岩地应力场特征,发生多次突出的中央回风下山巷道走向为近SN向,与最大主应力方向夹角大,掘进过程中煤体承受应力较大,构造煤发育;对比同一埋深其它已揭露煤层区域,在瓦斯含量相差不大的情况下,动力现象差异很大;这些都证实瓦斯不是突出的主要动力来源,突出主要动力来源为构造应力,这也决定了不会发生大型煤与瓦斯突出,对瓦斯预测和防治有重要指导意义。     

基于遗传算法的煤与瓦斯突出影响因素研究

针对采用BP神经网络对煤与瓦斯突出预测时的过学习现象,引入遗传算法对煤与瓦斯突出的影响因素进行选择,并建立了以筛选出的变量作为输入的优化BP网络预测模型.遗传算法中染色体采用二进制编码,个体适应度函数引入了惩罚函数,并对基本遗传算法的遗传操作算子进行了一定的改进,最后利用平煤八矿煤与瓦斯突出的实测样本,在MAT-LAB2009b环境中对上述算法进行仿真研究.结果表明,以遗传算法筛选出的变量作为输入建立的预测模型的输出结果的拟合效果变好,预测精度提高,建模时间缩短.