高温淬火Co_(72.7)C_(11.8)Si_(15.5)磁性合金的结构和相转变

用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、场致发射扫描电镜和电子探针研究了Co72 .7C11.8Si15.5合金在 10 0 0℃均匀化退火 7d后 ,水淬至室温的相变和相结构。结果表明 :合金由两个相组成 ,一个是具有密排六方 (hcp)结构的基体Co固溶体 ,其晶格常数a =0 .2 5 0 5nm ,c=0 .40 73nm ;另一个是具有六方 (hex)结构的第二相石墨 ,其晶格常数a =0 .2 46 5nm ,c =0 .6 711nm。X射线衍射没有探测到高温fcc Co相的 (2 0 0 )衍射峰 ,表明fcc Co相已完全转变为hcp Co相 ,平衡转变温度在 10 0 0℃以上。在Co金属中复合添加C和Si元素可以容易地获得室温稳定的hcp结构。     

Fe表面多种离子注入层的研究SCIEI

本文应用Auger电子能谱及透射电镜研究了纯Fe表面分别注入Ni^+,Mo^+,B^+等单种离子及组合注入3种离子所引起的表面层化学成分分布及微观结构的变化。离子能量50—150keV,剂量5×10^(15)-4×10^(17)Ions/cm^2,室温注入。Auger谱表明,注入Ni^+,Mo^+使表面形成浓度达20—30at.-％的碳化层。组合注入形成较厚的表面非晶层,hcp结构的碳化物及fcc结构的奥氏体相。并对级联效应及辐照增强扩散对碳的渗入及形成非晶层的作用进行了讨论。     

高温淬火Co72.7C11.8Si15.5磁性合金的结构和相转变

用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、场致发射扫描电镜和电子探针研究了Co72.7C11.8Si15.5合金在1000℃均匀化退火7d后,水淬至室温的相变和相结构,结果表明：合金由两个相组成,一个是具有密排六方(hcp）结构的基体Co固溶体,其晶格常数a=0.2505nm,c=0.4073nm;另一个是具有六方（hex)结构的第二相石墨,其晶格常数a=0.2465nm,c=0.6711nm。X射线衍射没有探测到高温fcc-Co相的（200）衍射峰,表明fcc-Co相已完全转变为hcp-Co相,平衡转变温度在1000℃以上。在Co金属中复合添加C和Si元素可以,窬铁地获得室温稳定的hcp结构。     

石墨烯纳米片对D16T铝合金微弧氧化膜层结构与性能的影响

目的研究石墨烯纳米片对D16T铝合金耐磨耐蚀性的影响,为铝合金表面微弧氧化处理技术在油气领域的应用提供理论依据。方法利用微弧氧化技术在含与不含石墨烯的电解液中在D16T铝合金表面制备微弧氧化膜层,采用XRD、SEM、EDS分析了膜层相结构和表面形貌,测试了膜层的粗糙度和显微硬度,通过摩擦磨损和电化学实验研究了石墨烯纳米片对D16T铝合金微弧氧化膜耐磨性和耐蚀性的影响。结果微弧氧化膜层主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成,石墨烯的添加使Al2O3相的衍射峰值和衍射峰的数量增加,Al衍射峰明显降低;膜层表面平整,表面熔融颗粒较少,表面有大块团聚物堆积。膜层由外部疏松层和内部致密层组成,疏松层微孔数量和微裂纹较少,膜层厚度稍有增加,致密层厚度由不含石墨烯时的0.6μm增至1.6μm。含石墨烯的膜层容抗弧半径明显增加,Bode图中低频阻抗值由5×10^5Ω·cm^2提升至106Ω·cm^2,疏松层电阻由1.57×10^5Ω·cm^2增至1.98×10^5Ω·cm^2,致密层电阻由3.07×10^5Ω·cm^2提升至1.24×106Ω·cm^2;膜层自腐蚀电位由-0.53 V提高至-0.41 V,自腐蚀电流密度由3.15×10^-7 A/cm^2降低至3.97×10^-8 A/cm^2;膜层质量磨损量明显降低,摩擦系数减小,耐磨性增加。结论石墨烯纳米片通过放电通道进入膜层填充膜层中的孔和裂纹,部分石墨烯形成团状覆于膜层表面,使膜层更加平整、致密,膜厚增加,膜层耐磨性和耐蚀性得到明显提升。     

Ga+离子辐照对CoFe铁磁膜结构和磁性的影响

利用磁控溅射法制备Substrate/Seed Ta(5 nm),Co75Fe25(5 nm)/Cap Ta(8 nm)铁磁膜,通过透射电镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)和X射线衍射(XRD)等分析测试手段,研究Ga+离子辐照对CoFe磁性薄膜的矫顽力及薄膜的组织、结构的影响,利用SRIM2003软件模拟分析离子辐照后Ga、Ta等元素在CoFe薄膜中的深度分布情况.研究结果表明:采用低剂量(＜1×1013ion·cm-2)的Ga+离子辐照对薄膜的矫顽力和磁性薄膜的组织,结构影响不大;随着辐照剂量的逐渐增大,磁性薄膜的矫顽力减小,晶粒变大,<111>方向的织构明显减弱;当辐照剂量＞1×1015ion·cm-2时,注入到CoFe薄膜中的Ta、Ga原子及Ga+离子在与原子碰撞过程中形成空位、间隙原子等多种晶体缺陷,促进晶体向非晶体的转变.     

Sm(Co_(bal)Fe_(0.108)Cu_(0.131)Zr_(0.042))_(7.0)时效过程中的微结构演变与磁性能

采用透射电镜(TEM)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法系统研究Sm(Co_(bal)Fe_(0.108)Cu_(0.131)Zr_(0.042))_(7.0)在830℃时效处理10~30 h过程中的微结构演变及磁性能。结果表明:合金时效处理后形成由菱方Sm_2Co_(17)R主相和六方Sm(Co,Cu)_5胞壁相构成的胞状结构、叠加在胞状结构之上的六方富Zr片状结构和少量富Zr的Sm(CoCuFeZr)_x析出相。随830℃时效处理时间由10 h延长到30 h,Sm_2Co_(17)R主相的尺寸由80~110 nm长大到150 nm,富Zr片状相的密度增大,富Zr的Sm(CoCuFeZr)_x析出相的体积分数增多。富Cu的SmCo_5胞壁相和富Zr的Sm(CoCuFeZr)_x析出相通过钉扎畴壁为合金提供高的室温和高温矫顽力。磁性能测试结果表明:剩磁B_r随830℃时效时间的延长而单调增大,内禀矫顽力H_(ci)在830℃处理20 h时达最大值2417.9kA/m,在测试温度为500℃时仍具有高的H_(ci),为693.5 kA/m。     

钇离子注入AZ31镁合金的氧化行为

研究了AZ31镁合金在钇离子剂量为5×10^16，1×10^17及5×10^17ions／cm^2注入条件下的氧化性能。纯氧气氛、500℃下的氧化实验结果表明，钇离子注入能提高AZ31镁合金的抗氧化性能，而且随着注入剂量的增大，合金表面抗氧化性能提高越大。俄歇电子能谱（AES）和X光电子能谱（XPS）分析表明：钇离子注入以后，在镁合金表面形成了具有双层结构的氧化层，外层主要由MgO组成，而内层主要由Y2O3，MgO构成。这一新形成的氧化层有利于提高AZ31镁合金的抗氧化性能。     

S390粉末高速钢真空气淬中纳米碳化物的析出

S390粉末高速钢经1180℃真空加热气冷(4×105Pa)、1230℃真空加热气冷(6×105Pa)后得到以下贝氏体为主的显微组织。结果表明,在片状下贝氏体中部析出成排碳化物是碳按下坡扩散机制和按dr/dt∝t-1/2方程长成260 nm×65 nm椭球状。在残留合金碳化物边缘析出纳米椭球状碳化物是按碳上坡扩散在离碳化物某处形成碳浓度峰,并处于最大过冷条件下进行析出的机制。     

FORMATION OF HEXAGONAL Co_(2—3)C IN Co BY CARBON ION IMPLANTATION

Co thin films were subjected to 50 keV carbon ion implantation.At the dose of 2.5×10~(17)/cm~2,a hexagonal Co-carbide phase was observed for the first time.The lattice con-stants from electron diffraction are a=0.2685 nm and c=0.4335 nm.The phase does not dis-appear until the dose of 9×10~(17)/cm~2.Auger spectra showed that the stoichiometry wasCo_(2-3)C.The behavior of the ferromagnetic carbides along the descending sequence ofNi-Fe-Co by Fermi energy of solids was interpreted.Furthermore,based on the kinetic con-dition of phase transformation and the band theory of solids,a possible explanation about thedifference of the results of ion-metallurgy and thermal metallurgy was proposed.     

高速钢中马氏体二次硬化的TEM研究

研究了含4％Co的M42基体钢在250—700℃回火区间的析出相低温回火有M_3C(M以Fe为主)碳化物析出,400℃以上回火,数量逐渐减少.500—560℃观察到一个衍射芒线的演化过程.在580℃回火时观察到面心立方M_2C(M以Mo为主),700℃时面心立方M_2C全部转变成六方M_2C,还有VC和Cr_(23)C_6。衍射芒线是由于合金元素Mo,W与碳元素在{100}_(α′)面上的偏聚造成的,是由复合偏聚区向过渡相(面心立方M_2C)的演变.这一演变使M42基体钢回火出现二次硬化现象。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.