Inhibitory effect of metformin on bone metastasis of cancer via OPG/RANKL/RANK system

Diabetes and cancer are both serious health problems worldwide and can lead to a significant burden on society with high incidence. Studies show that diabetes, which may be the reason of cancer metastasis, can increase cancer incidence and mortality. Bone is one of the most preferential metastatic target sites for cancers. Studies also indicate that OPG and RANKL which regulate bone reabsorption play significant roles in the process of bone tumor metastasis. In addition, metformin as a commonly used medicine for type 2 diabetes is a negative regulator of RANKL and inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts. We present a hypothesis that metformin serves an inhibitory effect on bone metastasis of cancer via OPG/RANKL/RANK system.     

川芎嗪对类风湿性关节炎外周血RANK／RANKL／骨保护素途径干预作用的研究

目的观察川芎嗪对类风湿性关节炎（RA）模型大鼠RANK／RANKL／0PG在外周血中CD3^＋T淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、CD14单核细胞的表达率及平均荧光强度,探讨川芎嗪在RA骨破坏和炎症过程巾的意义。方法大鼠随机分成5组,正常对照组、模型对照组、川芎嗪大剂量组、川芎嗪小剂量组、阳性药物对照组,每组10只。给药7d后,应用间接免疫荧光标记和流式细胞技术对各组大鼠外周血相关指标进行检测分析。结果与正常对照组相比,RA大鼠骨保护素（OPG）表达明显降低,从正常的24．7降至18．7（q=4．2,P〈0．05）,RANK、RANKL变化不明显,经过川芎嗪治疗后,大剂量组OPG有明显的回升,至23．8％（q=3．97,P〈0．05）,小剂量组变化不明显。RANK在CD3^＋细胞、中性粒细胞、CD14单核细胞上的平均荧光强度明显降低,分别为20．6、135．4、84．2,经川芎嗪大剂量治疗后明显升高,分别达到31．0、192．1、95．6（q=10．4、q=8．6、q=6．3,P〈0．05）。结论大剂量川芎嗪可以通过调节OPG／RANK／RANKL途径对RA起一定的作用。     

Role of the RANK/RANKL pathway in breast cancer

The discovery of the OPG/RANK/RANKL pathway two decades ago has initiated novel insights into regulation of bone formation. More recently this pathway has been found to be also relevant in osteoclastic-independent mechanisms, mainly in mammary physiology and breast cancer. RANKL/RANK function is essential for epithelial cell proliferation and cellular survival as well as lobulo-alveolar development. The endogenous OPG functions as a soluble decoy receptor, binding the cytokine RANKL to prevent RANKL from activating its receptor RANK. The regulatory function of RANKL is one of the key factors in progesterone-induced proliferation of the breast. Progesterone has a direct action of progesterone on progesterone-receptor (PR) expressing cells but PR-negative cells are affected indirectly through RANKL-induced paracrine actions leading to proliferation of mammary epithelial PR-negative cells. RANK induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness in human mammary epithelial cells and promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis. Inhibition of the RANK/RANKL pathway using the monoclonal antibody denosumab can neutralize RANKL and inhibiting its interaction with its receptor RANK. Denosumab is currently used to treat osteoporosis and in prevention of skeletal related events in patients suffering from bone metastases due to solid tumors. As preclinical experiments suggest the RANKL/RANK pathway plays an important role in primary breast cancer development. The interference with the RANK/RANKL system could therefore serve as a potential target for prevention and treatment of breast cancer.     

The effect of COX-2 inhibitors on periprosthetic osteolysis

We aimed to test the hypothesis that COX(cyclooxygenase)-2 inhibitors suppress periprosthetic osteolysis in a rabbit model. Porous coated titanium bar was inserted into distal femur of 24 skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were randomized into 3 groups. Group I (8 rabbits) was the control group. In Group II (8 rabbits), 5mg of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene particles was inserted along with prosthesis. In Group III (8 rabbits), the same procedure as in Group II was done and a COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib, Pharmacia: 10mg/day) was administered for 7 weeks. Rabbits were sacrificed after 8 weeks of implantation. Gross, radiological, histological, and immunohistochemical assessments were done. Gross examination showed that one implant in Group II was loose. In radiological evaluation, focal osteolysis was found in 2 rabbits of Group II and 1 rabbit of Group III. Linear osteolysis was found in 2 rabbits of Group II and 1 rabbit of Group III. On histological examination, focal area of granulation tissue laden with macrophages was observed in 6 rabbits of Group II and 6 rabbits of Group III. The mean number of osteoclasts as demonstrated by tartarate positive acid phosphatase staining was 0.5+/-0.5 in Group I, 6.5+/-2.7 in Group II, 3.6+/-2.6 in Group III (p<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining for inducible nitric acid synthase and COX-2 did not show significant difference between Groups II and III. The overall results of this study suggest that COX-2 inhibitors in the therapeutic dose may have a place in suppressing the process of periprosthetic osteolysis.     

Substance P stimulates release of RANKL via COX-2 expression in human dental pulp cells

Objective: Our previous study found that substance P (SP), a sensory neuropeptide, was expressed in the dental pulp of rats during experimental tooth movement. We examined the effects of SP on the production of prostaglandin (PG) E₂ and the receptor activator of nuclear factor- B ligand (RANKL) by human dental pulp fi broblast-like (HDPF) cells. Materials and methods: SP was added to cultured HDPF cells at concentrations ranging from of 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻¹² mol/L. PGE₂ and soluble RANKL (sRANKL) levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Gene expression was confi rmed by RT-PCR analysis. Pit formation assays using dentin slices were carried out to examine the effect of SP on osteoclastogenesis. Results: The levels of PGE₂ and sRANKL increased in the presence of SP, though the increases were greater in the experimental groups in both a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and the increase of RANKL was partially mediated by PGE₂ . The gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and RANKL was up-regulated, and conditioned medium samples obtained from HDPF cells treated with SP induced bone resorption. Conclusions: SP stimulated the production of PGE₂ and RANKL, and promoted bone resorption. Therefore, SP may be involved in pulpal inflammation and root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. Received 11 April 2005; returned for revision 27 July 2005; returned for final revision 20 September 2005; accepted by M. Katori 2 November 2005     

OPG/RANK/RANKL系统基因多态性与类风湿关节炎

类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是临床常见的慢性全身性自身免疫性疾病,晚期往往造成严重的关节畸形和活动障碍,甚至残疾.RA是多因素疾病,基因遗传因素在RA发生与进展过程中起着重要作用.近年来,越来越多的研究证实,OPG/RANK/RANKL系统单核苷酸多态性与RA起病和进展过程中的骨代谢更新及骨矿物质密度密切相关.本文就OPG/RANK/RANKL系统及其单核苷酸多态性与RA关系的最新研究进展作一综述.

Abstract：

Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) is a common chronic systemic autoimmune disease, which often causes serious obstacles to joint deformity and activity, or even disability in the terminal stage. RA has been found to be a multi-factor disease, and genetic factors play significantly important roles in its pathogenesis. Recently, more and more studies confirm that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of OPG/RANK/RANKL system are closely related to bone metabolism and bone mineral density in RA onset and progression. This article reviewed the latest advance in researches about SNPs of OPG/RANK/RANKL system, and were to clarify the relationship between SNPs and PA.     

Effects of dietary-fiber levels on RANK/RANKL/OPG expression in the appendix of weanling rabbits

Background/purposeThe dietary fiber can regulate the intestinal mucosal immunity, and the M cell is the portal for initiating mucosal immunity. We investigated the effects of dietary fiber on the transport of Escherichia coli to assess the function of microfold (M) cells in the appendix.MethodA total of 150 New Zealand rabbits were fed three diets (high fiber (HF): 31.72%; control: 37.36%; low dietary fiber (LF): 41.84%; neutral detergent fiber (NDF). An infection model was established in vivo using E. coli containing green fluorescent protein as the indicator in appendix loops. Samples were collected before and after inoculation with indicator for 10, 30, or 60 min. The M cells number, differentiation-related genes and proteins were monitored by respectively using immunofluorescence, Q-PCR and Western-blot.ResultsThe number of M cells in HF group was significantly higher than that of LF group before and at 10 min, 30 min post injection with E.coli (P < 0.01), which has an opposite at 60 min. The number of fluorescent E. coli transported across the appendix was significantly increased in the HF group (P < 0.01) compared with the LF group at 30 min (P < 0.001); expression of RANKL gene and protein levels were no difference between HF and LF group. The variation tendency of RANK, OPG genes and proteins were consistent with the change of M cell transport indicator number in different time points.ConclusionOur study showed that a high-fiber diet can increase number of M cells and speed up antigen transfer under regulation of ANKL/OPG/RANK system.     

OPG/RANKL/RANK信号通路在骨巨细胞瘤发病机制中的作用

文题释义：OPG/RANKL/RANK 信号通路：是骨代谢中至关重要的一条信号通路,它是成骨细胞与破骨细胞之间相互作用的信号通道,同时也是骨巨细胞瘤影响骨代谢的主要途径。 骨巨细胞瘤(Giant cell tumor of bone,GCTB)：是常见的原发性骨肿瘤之一,其发病率占所有原发性骨肿瘤的4%-10%,多发生于20-40岁的青壮年患者,好发于股骨远端、胫骨近端或桡骨远端。骨巨细胞瘤组织学来源尚不清楚,一般认为起始于骨髓内间叶组织。该肿瘤具有较强的侵袭性,对骨质有较大的破坏和侵蚀作用,但很少有患者出现反应性新骨生成或是自愈倾向。 背景：研究表明,骨保护素/核因子κB受体活化因子配体/核因子κB受体活化因子(OPG/RANKL/RANK)信号通路与骨巨细胞瘤发病机制之间有一定的相关性,通过控制OPG/RANKL/RANK信号通路影响成骨细胞与破骨细胞之间相互作用,对该病起到一定的治疗作用。 目的：介绍 OPG/RANKL/RANK信号通路与骨巨细胞瘤发病机制的关系,总结并讨论OPG/RANKL/RANK信号通路在骨巨细胞瘤发病机制中的最新研究进展。 方法：检索 PubMed 数据库、Web of science数据库及万方数据库中2001至2019年相关文献,检索词分别为“OPG/RANKL/RANK,giant cell tumor of bone,pathogenesis,signal pathway, bone metabolism,OPG/RANK/RANKL,骨巨细胞瘤,发病机制,信号通路,骨代谢”。排除较陈旧及重复的文献,通过整理,共纳入53篇文献进行分析探讨。 结果与结论：①骨保护素抑制破骨细胞增殖及分化,降低成熟破骨细胞活性,阻断核因子κB受体活化因子配体与核因子κB受体活化因子结合,减缓破骨;②核因子κB受体活化因子配体与破骨细胞前体细胞表面的核因子κB受体活化因子结合,促进破骨细胞前体细胞分化,增殖,进而加速破骨;③核因子κB受体活化因子配体与其受体结合后,激活核因子κB等信号因子促进破骨细胞的增殖、分化并激活破骨细胞,同时调节相关基因的转录及表达;④OPG/RANK/RANKL与骨巨细胞瘤发病机制相关。 ORCID: 0000-0002-2756-4848(梁晨亮) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

红杉醇对2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏炎症损伤的保护作用

 目的：观察红杉醇对2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏炎症损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法：制备高脂高糖饮食加腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin,STZ）诱导的糖尿病大鼠肝脏炎症损伤模型。取造模成功大鼠35只,每天灌服不同剂量红杉醇（12.5、25和50 mg/kg）1次,连续6周。末次给药后取血,测空腹血糖、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和白蛋白（ALB）;取肝脏称湿重,计算肝脏指数,测定肝组织C反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)含量,real-time PCR检测肝脏TNF-α mRNA含量,HE染色观察病理变化。结果：模型组大鼠红杉醇治疗6周后,空腹血糖显著下降;肝功能改善,血清ALT和AST活性明显降低,ALB含量明显增加;CRP含量明显减少;肝组织中TNF-α mRNA和TNF-α、IL-6含量明显降低;肝脏指数下降,光镜下可见肝细胞病理改变（水肿、点状或灶状坏死及炎症细胞浸润）均有不同程度的改善。结论：红杉醇对2型糖尿病肝脏炎症损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与其抑制TNF-α和IL-6有关。     

Inhibition of RANK/RANKL signal transduction pathway: a promising approach for osteoporosis treatment

Osteoporosis is a bone disease causing impaired bone strength. It is characterized by increased osteoclast formation or enhanced bone resorption, leading to an increased risk of fragility fractures. Its prevalence increases with age. The advent of an aging population suggests that progressively more individuals will develop this disease in the aging population. A number of drugs for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis act by inhibiting bone resorption. However, the effectiveness of osteoporosis treatment in clinical practice is limited. Since the osteoclast is the only cell in the body that is capable of resorbing bone, understanding its biology will be necessary for developing a new therapeutic approach for osteoporosis. Recently, it was discovered that the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system is an important signal transduction pathway that regulates osteoclast formation. The binding of OPG to RANKL inhibits the binding between RANKL and RANK; this, in turn, prevents osteoclast precursors from differentiating and fusing to form mature osteoclasts. Therefore, the inhibition of the RANK/RANKL pathway inhibits osteoclast formation, differentiation, activation, and bone resorption. A potential clinical antiresorptive therapy can be developed by using an anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody, such as denosumab, that binds to RANKL with high affinity and specificity and blocks RANKL-RANK interactions.     

The prevention of titanium-particle-induced osteolysis by OA-14 through the suppression of the p38 signaling pathway and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis

Wear-particle-induced osteolysis leads to prosthesis loosening, which is one of the most common causes of joint-implant failure, a problem that must be fixed using revision surgery. Thus, a potential treatment for prosthetic loosening is focused on inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption, which prevents wear-particle-induced osteolysis. In this study, we synthesized a compound named OA-14 (N-(3- (dodecylcarbamoyl)phenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide) and examined how OA-14 affects titanium (Ti)-particle-induced osteolysis and osteoclastogenesis. We report that OA-14 treatment protected against Ti-particle-induced osteolysis in a mouse calvarial model. Interestingly, the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts decreased after treatment with OA-14 in vivo, which suggested that OA-14 inhibits osteoclast formation. To test this hypothesis, we conducted in vitro studies, and our results revealed that OA-14 markedly diminished osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast-specific gene expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, OA-14 suppressed osteoclastic bone resorption and F-actin ring formation. Furthermore, we determined that OA-14 inhibited osteoclastogenesis by specifically blocking the p38-Mitf-c-fos-NFATc1 signaling cascade induced by RANKL (ligand of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB). Collectively, our results suggest that the compound OA-14 can be safely used for treating particle-induced peri-implant osteolysis and other diseases caused by excessive osteoclast formation and function.     

胍丁胺通过细胞因子介导多器官功能衰竭小鼠保护作用的研究

目的:通过探讨胍丁胺(AGM)对炎症因子表达水平的影响,研究胍丁胺对酵母多糖(ZYM)诱导小鼠多器官功能衰竭(MODS)的保护作用。方法:小鼠腹腔注射ZYM+AGM,建立ZYM 诱导的炎症模型,同时设立空白组、AGM 组、ZYM组,观察各组建模前后小鼠进食、白细胞计数、心率等以确定造模是否成功。造模成功后对各组小鼠的肝功能、肾功能、心肌酶等生化指标进行检测;并通过qPCR 和ELISA 方法检测血液中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、IL-10 因子的基因和蛋白分泌水平。结果:注射ZYM 后的小鼠出现精神不振、活动和进食减少;检测小鼠各脏器功能血清学指标,显示脏器功能出现严重异常。与空白对照组相比,ZYM 组、ZYM+AGM 组小鼠血清学指标均明显增高;并伴随炎症因子TNF-α、IL1β、IL-6、IL-10 明显升高(P<0.05)。与ZYM 组相比,ZYM+AGM 组各脏器功能血清学指标降低,炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 明显下降(P<0.05),IL-10 无明显差异(P>0.05),而小鼠精神、活动和进食等无明显的改变。结论:腹腔注射500 mg/ kg 的ZYM 能够成功构建小鼠MODS 模型,AGM 通过降低炎症因子的释放,对MODS 小鼠各器官功能起到一定的保护作用。     

COX-2抑制剂对幼鼠海马CA1区锥体神经元钠通道的影响

目的：研究环氧合酶-2（cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2）抑制剂硝基苯一甲磺酸（NS398）对大鼠海马CAl区锥体神经元电压依赖性钠通道的影响,以及在幼鼠痫性发作中的作用。方法：出生后14d龄SD大鼠制作海马组织脑切片,脑片灌流液中灌流不同浓度NS-398,全细胞记录在阶跃模式（episod—ic）中,通过相应的刺激方案（protocol）,记录对电压依赖性钠通道电流密度及幅度的影响,观察对钠通道激活及失活曲线的影响。结果：①加入20μMol／L（μM）NS-398能明显抑制电流密度,而且在最大激活电位时抑制最明显（P〈O．01）,抑制呈电压依赖性,但是不能改变其最大激活电位;②加入20μmol／LNS-398不能明显改变钠通道的电压依赖性激活状态（P〉0．05）;③加入20Fmol／LNS-398,电压依赖性钠失活电流的失活曲线明显向负极化方向移动（左移5．2mV,P〈0．05）;④相同指令电压的刺激下,加入NS-398组的1／Lmax比正常组减小,NS-398能明显延长电压依赖性钠电流的失活时间。结论：COX-2抑制剂能抑制大鼠海马脑片CAl区锥体神经元电压依赖性钠通道,延长电压依赖性钠电流的失活时间;减少Na＋电流,延缓动作电位的发放和传播,降低神经元的兴奋性。     

Safety of a specific COX-2 inhibitor in aspirin-induced asthma

In a subset of patients with asthma, aspirin and several other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) that inhibit simultaneously cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) precipitate dangerous asthmatic attacks. We tested the hypothesis that in patients with aspirin-induced asthma the attacks are triggered by inhibition of COX-1 and not COX-2. In twelve asthmatic patients (seven men, five women, average age 39 years) oral aspirin challenge precipitated symptoms of bronchial obstruction with fall in FEV1 > 20%, and a rise in urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) excretion; also in five patients the stable metabolite of PGD2, 9alpha11betaPGF2, increased in urine. The patients then entered a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in which they received either placebo or rofecoxib in increasing doses 1.5-25.0 mg for 5 consecutive days, separated by a 1-week wash-out period. No patient on rofecoxib developed dyspnoea or fall in FEV1 > 20%; mean urinary LTE4 and 9alpha11betaPGF2 urinary levels, measured on each study day for 6 h post-dosing, remained unchanged. Two patients on placebo experienced moderate dyspnoea without alterations in urinary metabolites excretion. At least 2 weeks after completion of the study, all patients received on an open basis 25 mg rofecoxib without any adverse effects. NSAID that inhibit COX-1, but not COX-2, trigger asthmatic attacks in patients with asthma and aspirin intolerance. Rofecoxib can be administered to patients with aspirin-induced asthma.     

灯盏细辛对视网膜缺氧及其所致炎症损伤保护的研究进展

视网膜缺氧损伤主要是视网膜神经节细胞遭到破坏,如氧化应激、兴奋毒性损伤、炎症损伤等所致。视网膜神经节细胞变性会导致视神经传导功能障碍,故缺氧损伤后短期内阻断视神经细胞损伤通路和增强其存活机制成为恢复视觉的关键。灯盏细辛能通过多种机制对视网膜缺氧损伤起到很好保护作用,其能降低炎症介质的表达,故可通过减轻炎症反应对视网膜缺氧所致的一系列炎症级联效应起到保护作用。     

COX-2抑制剂对幼鼠反复癎性发作后神经发生的影响

目的:研究环氧合酶-2(COX-2)在癎性发作活化后的表达特点,探讨COX-2抑制剂塞莱昔布(celecoxib,Cel)对癎性活动后海马区神经发生的影响.方法:模型制作:随机将120只体重为50～60 g的3周龄健康Wistar幼鼠分为匹鲁卡品致癎组(EP-Only组)(n=45)和Cel干预致癎组(EP-Cel)(n=45)和生理盐水正常对照组(NS组)(n=30)3组.随机在EP-only及EP-Cel组各取10只匹鲁卡品成功诱导急性发作幼鼠进行腹腔注射溴脱氧尿核苷(BrdU):(1)行为学观察:根据Racine分级评价急性期和慢性期癎性发作行为;(2)形态学检测:各实验组分别在急性发作后第14天,第28天处死大鼠制备组织切片进行免疫组化检测COX-2阳性细胞在各组的表达变化趋势,以及BrdU+神经元特异性核蛋白(NeuN)和BrdU+星形胶质细胞胶原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)荧光免疫双标阳性细胞的表达,观察神经前体细胞的增殖及分化在各组的差异.结果:(1)动物行为学观察:在急性期,EP-only组全身性自发反复性癫癎发作(SRS)发作率(90%)明显高于EP-Cel组(56%)(P<0.01);EP-only组癎性发作Racine分级强度(3.7±1.3)明显高于EP-Cel组发作强度(2.5±1.1)(P<0.05);在慢性期,EP-Only组SRS发生率(50%)明显高于EP-Cel组(30%)(P<0.05;X<'2>检验);EP-Only组平均每天SRS发生的频率(1.9±0.58)明显高于EP-Cel组(0.6±0.3)(P<0.01,t检验);(2)形态学检测免疫组化结果:①COX-2免疫反应阳性细胞的表达:匹鲁卡品致癎第14天后,海马区COX-2阳性细胞表达在EP-Only组明显高于EP-Cel组L(158±18)vs(118±20)](P<0.01);②BrdU+NrdU和BrdU+GFAP免疫双标结果:急性期发作第28天后,BrdU+NeuN免疫双标阳性细胞在EP-Only组明显高于EP-Cel组[(36±4)vs(22±3)];同时EP-Only组门区有BrdU+GFAP免疫双标阳性的新生的胶质细胞明显比EP-Cel组高[(26±3)vs(14±2)].结论:COX-2在癎性发作后被迅速诱导表达,COX-2抑制剂Cel能抑制癎性发作激活的异常神经发生和星形胶质细胞增生,减少慢性期SRS.     

COX-2抑制剂对幼鼠反复痫性发作后神经发生的影响

目的：研究环氧合酶-2（COX-2）在痫性发作活化后的表达特点,探讨COX-2抑制剂塞莱昔布（eeleeoxib,Cel）对痫性活动后海马区神经发生的影响。方法：模型制作：随机将120只体重为50～60g的3周龄健康Wistar幼鼠分为匹鲁卡品致痫组（EPOnly组）（n=45）和Cel干预致痫组（EP—Cel）（n=45）和生理盐水正常对照组（NS组）（n=30）3组。随机在EP—only及EP—Cel组各取10只匹鲁卡品成功诱导急性发作幼鼠进行腹腔注射溴脱氧尿核苷（BrdU）：（1）行为学观察：根据Racine分级评价急性期和慢性期痴性发作行为;（2）形态学检测：各实验组分别在急性发作后第14天,第28天处死大鼠制备组织切片进行免疫组化检测COX-2阳性细胞在各组的表达变化趋势,以及BrdU＋神经元特异性核蛋白（NeuN）和BrdU＋星形胶质细胞胶原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）荧光免疫双标阳性细胞的表达,观察神经前体细胞的增殖及分化在各组的差异。结果：（1）动物行为学观察：在急性期,EP-only组全身性自发反复性癫痫发作（SRS）发作率（90％）明显高于EP—Cel组（560）（P〈0．01）;EP—only组痫性发作Racine分级强度（3．7±1．3）明显高于EP—Cel组发作强度（2．5±1．1）（P〈0．05）;在慢性期,EP—Only组SRS发生率（500）明显高于EP—Cel组（30％）（P〈0．05;岔检验）;EP—Only组平均每天SRS发生的频率（1．9±0．58）明显高于EP=Cel组（0．6±0．3）（P〈0．01,t检验）;（2）形态学检测免疫组化结果：①COX-2免疫反应阳性细胞的表达：匹鲁卡品致痫第14天后,海马区COX-2阳性细胞表达在EP—Only组明显高于EP-Cel组[（158±18）vs（118±20）]（P〈0．01）;②BrdU＋NeuN和BrdU＋GFAP免疫双标结果：急性期发作第28天后,BrdU＋NeuN免疫双标阳性细胞在EP-Only组明显高于EP—Cel组[（36±4）vs（22±3）];同时EP-Only组门区有BrdU＋GFAP免疫双标阳性的新生的胶质细胞明显比EP—Cel组高[（26±3）vs（14±2）3。结论：COX-2在痂性发作后被迅速诱导表达,COX-2抑制剂Cel能抑制痫性发作激活的异常神经发生和星形胶质细胞增生,减少慢性期SRS。