玉米秸秆混合基质对甜瓜穴盘苗生长的影响

将发酵的玉米秸秆基质、草炭和蛭石按不同比例混配成玉米秸秆混合基质,研究其理化性质及其在甜瓜育苗中的应用效果.结果表明:玉米秸秆混合基质的理化性质符合育苗要求,育苗效果明显好于对照(草炭∶蛭石(V∶V)=2∶1),其中混合基质T4(玉米秸秆基质∶蛭石(V∶V)=2∶1,替代100％草炭)能大幅度改善甜瓜育苗质量.因此,玉米秸秆基质可完全替代草炭用于甜瓜穴盘育苗.     

基于有机物料高效利用的非草炭型果菜育苗基质配方比较试验

针对蔬菜育苗基质需要量迅速增加的现状,有效降低育苗基质成本,提高幼苗品质。以玉米秸秆、腐熟牛粪、稻壳、菇渣及炉渣5种常见有机物料作为主要原料,设计了6种基质配方,以商品育苗基质作为对照(CK),以育苗效果相关指标为依据,分别进行了黄瓜、番茄育苗试验,对不同配方基质进行比较试验,以期配出能够替代现有草炭依赖型育苗基质的适宜配方,以实现有机物料在蔬菜产业中的生态利用。结果表明:T4配方基质(玉米秸秆∶腐熟牛粪∶稻壳∶炉渣=20∶30∶30∶20),能够满足黄瓜育苗要求,T3(玉米秸秆∶腐熟牛粪∶稻壳∶炉渣=25∶25∶25∶25)和T5(玉米秸秆∶腐熟牛粪∶稻壳∶炉渣=20∶20∶40∶20)2种配方基质适于番茄育苗应用。     

秸秆型基质在茄子育苗上的应用

本文以不同比例的玉米秸秆和园田土为主要成份,研究了秸秆型育苗基质对于茄子理化性质等的影响。结果表明,未经腐熟的玉米秸秆可以作为育苗基质。其中以配比比例为玉米秸秆∶园田土=3∶7的最合理。     

玉米秸秆发酵基质不同配比对辣椒育苗效果的影响

以粉碎脱脂后腐熟的玉米秸秆为材料,研究玉米秸秆腐熟基质与蛭石不同配比的复合基质对辣椒育苗效果的影响,分析辣椒幼苗形态指标、壮苗指数。结果表明,采用粉碎脱脂后腐熟的玉米秸秆作基质主要原料,选择玉米秸秆∶蛭石∶腐熟油饼粉重量比为60∶30∶10配比的基质相对较好。     

腐熟玉米秸秆复合基质在辣椒育苗上的使用效果

以腐熟玉米秸秆基质为原料加入不同体积比的其他添加材料组成复合栽培基质,采用营养钵育苗的方式,在日光温室内研究了不同配比复合基质对辣椒形态特征和生理生化的影响。结果表明,在试验的5个处理中,以CS5（玉米秸秆∶蛭石∶珍珠岩为3∶1∶1）的根系活力、叶绿素含量表现最好,分别为0.806mg·g^-1·h^-1,145.38mg/kg;茎粗以CS4（玉米秸秆∶蛭石为4∶3）表现最好,达4.12mm,显著优于对照。综合各项指标,以CS5作为辣椒育苗基质效果更佳。     

不同配比棉花秸秆基质对辣椒幼苗生长的影响

以棉花秸秆为主要材料,分别加入磷酸二铵、尿素、清水进行堆沤发酵,研究以腐熟的棉花秸秆为主要成分的不同配比基质在辣椒育苗上的应用效果.结果表明:复配基质W1(棉花秸秆75％ ∶蛭石25％)、复配基质W2(棉花秸秆50％∶蛭石25％∶珍珠岩25％)、单一基质N4(棉花秸秆100％)的理化性状较差,育苗效果也差,不适宜做育苗基质.而复配基质P3(棉花秸秆50％∶蛭石25％∶草炭25％)的理化性状较好,均在理想范围内,辣椒幼苗的生长状况较好,叶绿素含量较高,壮苗指标较高.     

不同基质配比对辣椒穴盘育苗效果的影响

以“世纪红”辣椒为试材,用草炭∶珍珠岩∶蛭石(3∶1∶1)为对照,对以玉米秸秆为主要成分的5种混配基质的基本理化性状进行测定,研究其在辣椒穴盘育苗上的应用效果.结果表明:T2(玉米秸秆∶蛭石=2∶1)和T5(玉米秸秆∶珍珠岩=2∶1)处理培育的辣椒幼苗株高、主根长、根/茎相对生长速率、叶片数、干鲜重、壮苗指数、G值等指标明显优于其它处理的幼苗,但T2处理的容重、总孔隙度及培育幼苗的干物质含量、根冠比等均优于T5,因此T2处理的育苗效果最好.     

玉米秸秆和菇渣炭化发酵基质对番茄育苗的影响

为了获得经济实用的育苗基质,将粉碎后的玉米秸秆和菇渣按不同体积比例混配后炭化发酵,替代草炭用于番茄育苗。试验结果显示,菇渣和玉米秸秆炭化发酵基质营养成分比草炭丰富,略成碱性,均在植物适宜生长范围内,理化性质也都处于育苗基质要求范围内。炭化发酵物与蛭石按照3∶2的体积比混配,并加入质量比6%的发酵鸡粪所育的番茄成苗率低于对照草炭。T_4处理所育番茄苗的壮苗指数最高,番茄苗的叶绿素含量、氮含量、根系活力也最大,且显著高于草炭处理,育苗效果较好。因此,菇渣和玉米秸秆炭化发酵基质可代替草炭用于番茄育苗。     

秸秆灰型混合育苗基质对番茄秧苗质量的影响

以秸秆灰、草炭为试材,以番茄品种‘粉冠888’为研究对象,将未经科学处理的秸秆灰和草炭按不同配比混配成混合育苗基质,研究其理化性质及其在番茄穴盘育苗中的应用效果。结果表明:秸秆灰草炭混配基质的理化性质符合穴盘育苗效果要求,处理中混配基质A3(秸秆灰∶草炭(V∶V)=1∶1)育苗效果明显高于对照(草炭∶蛭石(V∶V)=2∶1),A3处理幼苗的壮苗指数和根冠比分别为0.163、0.124,比对照依次高出32.52%、13.76%;综合幼苗生长状况和生理代谢等指标可以确定,秸秆灰混配基质以秸秆灰和草炭等体积混合可以作为番茄穴盘育苗的基质。     

设施番茄低成本工厂化育苗基质配方的筛选

为了筛选出潮汐灌溉模式下番茄低成本育苗基质的配方,以银川大学生物工程学院实训基地的日光温室为试验场地,并用"合作908粉色番茄"为供试育苗材料,草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩、玉米秸秆以及椰糠为供试育苗基质,再复配成9个不同基质配方,采用随机区组试验设计,通过测得不同基质配方的理化性状、三叶一心时期的茎粗、株高、单株干鲜重和叶绿素等指标,来完成此次试验.最终结果为:T6处理的生长和生理指标测定最优,适合潮汐灌溉番茄育苗的推广.此外,由于使用椰糠成本高于玉米秸秆,因此考虑到基质的成本,T2在玉米秸秆腐熟好的情况下可以代替T6处理进行番茄育苗的推广.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Multi-scale landscape and seascape patterns associated with marbled murrelet nesting areas on the U.S. west coast

Habitat for wide-ranging species should be addressed at multiple scales to fully understand factors that limit populations. The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), a threatened seabird, forages on the ocean and nests inland in large trees. We developed statistical relationships between murrelet use (occupancy and abundance) and habitat variables quantified across many spatial scales (statewide to local) and two time periods in California and southern Oregon, USA. We also addressed (1) if old-growth forest fragmentation was negatively associated with murrelet use, and (2) if some nesting areas are more important than others due to their proximity to high quality marine habitat. Most landscapes used for nesting were restricted to low elevation areas with frequent fog. Birds were most abundant in unfragmented old-growth forests located within a matrix of mature second-growth forest. Murrelets were less likely to occupy old-growth habitat if it was isolated (> 5 km) from other nesting murrelets. We found a time lag in response to fragmentation, where at least a few years were required before birds abandoned fragmented forests. Compared to landscapes with little tono murrelet use, landscapes with many murrelets were closer to the ocean's bays, river mouths, sandy shores, submarine canyons, and marine waters with consistently high primary productivity. Within local landscapes (≤ 800ha), inland factors limited bird abundance, but at the broadest landscape scale studied (3200 ha), proximity to marine habitat was most limiting. Management should focus on protecting or creating large, contiguous old-growth forest stands, especially in low-elevation areas near productive marine habitat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。