淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺的合成及其絮凝性能的研究

以玉米淀粉(St)和丙烯酰胺(AM)单体为原料,采用过硫酸钾引发剂合成了淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺共聚物(St-g-AM)。用红外光谱对接枝共聚物进行了结构表征,用粘度法测定了分子量。讨论了聚合反应的各个因素对接枝共聚反应的影响,考察了接枝共聚物的絮凝性能。结果表明,以接枝效率为考察目标,其最佳的合成工艺为:引发剂的浓度为0.07 g/100 mL,淀粉与丙烯酰胺的质量比为1∶2.2,反应温度为65℃,反应时间3 h。淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺共聚物比430万分子量的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对高岭土水样的絮凝性能更好,当接枝共聚物的投加量为6 mg/L时,对高岭土水样的浊度去除率达到81.77%。最佳条件所合成出的淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺的分子量为75万。     

淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的研究

本文采用硝酸铈铵为引发剂,研制了淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸单体的共聚物。研究了引发剂浓度、单体浓度和硝酸浓度对接枝百分率及接枝共聚物性能的影响,并初步探讨了接枝共聚物的絮凝性能。     

S-DMDAAC-AM阳离子型高分子絮凝剂的合成及性能研究

以淀粉(S)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,采用氧化还原引发体系,合成r接枝共聚物S-DMDAAC-AM.考察了反应温度、反应时间、引发剂浓度、单体配比等因素对接枝共聚体系的接枝率、接枝效率和絮凝效果等因素的影响.试验结果表明,最优条件为淀粉(S):单体总量=3.5 g∶10.5 g,反...     

淀粉反相乳液法三元接枝共聚改性研究与表征

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酸(AA)为接枝单体,采用反相乳液聚合技术对木薯淀粉进行接枝共聚改性,生成淀粉-丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸三元接枝共聚物(St-g-AM/AA)。考察反应温度和时间、引发剂和单体浓度、单体配比等因素对淀粉三元接枝共聚反应过程的影响规律,并通过红外光谱等表征共聚物结构。实验结果显示:引发剂浓度、单体浓度和单体比、反应温度和时间等因素对三元接枝共聚改性反应影响显著;红外光谱和电镜扫描表征证明接枝共聚反应发生在淀粉颗粒表面,经三元接枝共聚反应淀粉已被AM和AA成功改性。     

变性淀粉—丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的制备及其对瓦楞纸的增强作用

以硝酸铈为引发剂，合成了氧化淀粉及可溶性淀粉等变性淀粉与丙烯酰胺的接枝共聚物，详细考察了引发剂用量及淀粉性质对单体转化率和接枝率的影响。结果发现，用氧化淀粉，可溶性淀粉等变性淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚，可获得比原淀粉高得多的单体转化率和接枝率。在瓦楞纸中的使用表明，添加０．５％的氧化淀粉一丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物可使瓦楞纸的环压强度增加５２％。     

微波辐射下壳聚糖-丙烯酰胺接枝物的合成及其絮凝性能研究

以硝酸铈铵作为引发剂、丙烯酰胺为单体,用微波辐射法合成了壳聚糖-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物。通过正交试验考察反应条件对接枝率和接枝效率的影响,得出最佳工艺条件为:反应时间12 min,引发剂浓度5 mmol/L,丙烯酰胺和壳聚糖质量比5:1,反应温度40℃。最佳条件下接枝率和接枝效率分别达到148.6%和44.0%。壳聚糖接枝物与聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝对比试验表明:在酸性条件下接枝物与PAM的絮凝效果相近;在中性和碱性条件下接枝物的絮凝性能优于PAM。     

AMPS/AM/木薯淀粉接枝共聚物制备工艺的研究

研究了2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AM PS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)与木薯淀粉接枝共聚物的接枝共聚工艺条件。结果表明单体用量、引发剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对单体转化率、接枝率、接枝效率有较大影响,制备的AM PS/AM/木薯淀粉接枝共聚物具有较好的吸水性能。     

焦磷酸络锰三价离子引发淀粉-丙烯酰胺的接枝共聚合

本文用焦磷酸络锰三价离子Mn(P_2O_7)_3~(-3)作为引发剂,制备了一系列丙烯酰胺—淀粉接枝共聚物(ST—g—PAM),比较了反应体系的酸浓度,单体和淀粉浓度,以及引发剂Mn~(3 )浓度对接枝共聚合的影响。体系的pH值大小对共聚影响最大。随体系PH值由小变大,接枝效率增加至一定程度后反而下降。在pH=3.3,引发剂浓度为1毫摩尔,单体浓度为0.6M/L和303K条件下,聚合转化率可达96%,接枝效率为95％。本文还对上述三价锰络合离子引发的ST—g—AM接枝共聚和在同样体系的AM均聚机理进行了讨论。     

酯化淀粉接枝丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的制备与性能研究

采用硬脂酰氯和丙烯酰氯对淀粉进行酯化改性,在淀粉结构中引入长碳链和碳碳双键,再通过引发丙烯酸甲酯单体进行乳液聚合,制备酯化淀粉接枝丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(ES-g-PMA)。结果表明,酯化改性能提高淀粉的乳化性能,且接枝共聚物的单体转化率为95%,接枝百分率为55%,接枝效率为58%,高于用天然淀粉进行接枝共聚的结果;接枝共聚物可以进行热塑加工,所得聚合物的拉伸强度和拉伸断裂伸长率分别能达到22 MPa和487%,吸水率在15%以下。     

聚羧酸型梳状共聚物超分散剂的构性关系

以聚氧乙烯甲基烯丙基二醚 (APEO -n)、顺丁烯二酸酐 (MAn)、苯乙烯 (St)等为共聚单体合成了一系列聚羧酸型梳状共聚物 ,研究了共聚物的结构、组成等对分散性能的影响 .结果表明 ,接枝链的长度和密度影响超分散剂的性能 ,当接枝链长度为 2 0～ 6 0、St摩尔分数为 5 %～ 2 0 %时分散性能良好.     

Water-soluble copolymers. XI. Selectivity in the graft copolymerization of acrylamide/N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxybutyl)acrylamide comonomers onto dextran by Ce(IV)-induced initiation

Characteristic behavior in the graft copolymerization of acrylamide/N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxybutyl)acrylamide (AM/DAAM) comonomers onto dextran by Ce(IV)-induced initiation was investigated. From a preliminary study, it was found that ceric ammonium nitrate polymerized AM/DAAM comonomer mixtures and diacetone acrylamide, but not acrylamide alone in the aqueous solution. The effect of grafting conditions on the graft copolymerization product was studied with the aid of aqueous size exclusion chromatography and the anthrone reagent. The selectivity of formation of the graft copolymer over random copolymer was found to increase as the reaction temperature and AM/DAAM ratio increased and as both the Ce(IV)/Dextran molar ratio and HNO₃ concentration decreased. After establishing optimum grafting conditions, graft copolymer samples were prepared, and their aqueous solution behavior studied as functions of structure, temperature, and added salts.     

淀粉丙烯酰胺表面控制反应机理及接枝产物结构表征

以木薯淀粉和丙烯酰胺为主要原料,采用反相乳液聚合方法合成淀粉丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物,并通过红外光谱、电镜扫描、X射线衍射、热分析等手段对接枝共聚产物进行结构分析和聚合机理探讨。实验结果显示,淀粉与丙烯酰胺的反应主要发生在淀粉团粒表面,符合表面控制反应机理;接枝共聚物中含有淀粉和丙烯酰胺成分;共聚反应改变了原淀粉的聚集形态,接枝产物基本上为无定形的聚集态结构;但对淀粉的热稳定性影响不显著。     

Synthesis of amphiphilic graft copolymers of SBS with acrylamide and study of their properties

Graft copolymerization of SBS in the form of sodium ionomer with acrylamide in emulsion using benzoyl peroxide as initiator and sodium ionomer of maleated SBS as a self‐emulsifier, which can form a stable cyclohexane/water emulsion with AM without using any other emulsifier, was carried out. Factors affecting the graft copolymerization were studied. The grafting % can reach about 15%. Emulsifying properties of sodium ionomer of maleated SBS and the graft copolymer, as well as the compatibilizing effect of the graft copolymer in blending polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with SBS, were studied. The sodium ionomer of maleated SBS, the graft copolymers, and the blends were characterized with IR and DSC. The results showed that water absorbency and emulsifying volume increase obviously after graft copolymerization with AM. 0.2 g of the graft copolymer containing 14 wt % PAM grafts can emulsify a mixture of 30 mL toluene and 70 mL water completely. The graft copolymer can be used as an effective compatibilizer in the blending of PVC and SBS, more effective than the sodium ionomer of maleated SBS. Only 2 wt % of the copolymer based on the blend used in blending is enough to raise the tensile strength three times. The blends with weigh ratios of PVC/SBS at 3/7–4/6 in the presence of the graft copolymer behave as thermoplastic elastomers with a tensile strength of 14 MPa, an ultimate elongation of 750%, and a permanent set of 17%. Glass transition temperatures of the blend shifted inward in the presence of the graft copolymer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1248–1253, 2005     

高沸醇木质素与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚的研究

研究了以H2O2和FeSO4.7H2O为引发剂,高沸醇木质素与丙烯酰胺的接枝共聚反应,探讨了木质素与丙烯酰胺的质量比、H2O2和FeSO4.7H2O的用量、反应温度、反应时间对产率和接枝效率的影响,用红外光谱分析了反应产物的结构。确定的反应条件为:丙烯酰胺∶木质素(质量比)=2～4,H2O2 6%～14%,FeSO4.7H2O 1%～2%,温度40～50℃,反应时间4 h。产率可达90%以上,接枝效率80%以上,高沸醇木质素和丙烯酰胺的接枝效果良好,进一步证明高沸醇木质素具有较高的化学活性。     

两亲性接枝物CPE-g-AM-MAH的合成条件研究

采用悬浮溶胀法将丙烯酰胺(AM)、马来酸酐(MAH)与氯化聚乙烯(CPE)进行接枝反应,制备得到了两亲性共聚物(CPE-g-AM-MAH),用红外光谱对接枝物结构进行了表征,利用正交试验法讨论了氯化聚乙烯、马来酸酐、AM/MAH比率、引发剂对接枝率和接枝效率的影响.结果表明:各影响因素对接枝率的影响顺序为AM>CPE>...     

Synthesis,characterization, and properties of polymeric flocculant with the function of trapping heavy metal ions

A novel crosslinked starch‐graft‐polyacrylamide‐co‐sodium xanthate (CSAX) was synthesized by grafting copolymerization reactions of crosslinked corn starch, acrylamide (AM), and sodium xanthate, using epichlorohydrin (EPI) as crosslinking reagent and ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator in aqueous solution. The effects of some factors, such as crosslinker, initiator, AM, NaOH and so forth, on the flocculation were investigated in terms of efficiency of grafting (% GE), grafting percentage (% GP), and viscosity averaged molecular weight (M) of the PAM pendant chains. The results showed that the CSAX was successfully synthesized with the different number and length of grafted PAM pendant chains and with the functions of removing both substance causing turbidity and heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. Under optimum synthesis conditions, CSAX exhibited excellent performances: the rate of turbidity removal (% T) reached 98.4% and the rate of Cu²⁺ removal (% R) reached 99.2% in water treatment, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

脂肪酸盐用于反相乳液中淀粉接枝反应乳化剂的研究

研究了以淀粉为基材、以丙烯酰胺(AM)和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为聚合单体、以脂肪酸盐及其复配物为乳化剂、采用反相乳液聚合技术合成接枝共聚物的方法。讨论了脂肪酸盐的金属离子种类、碳链长度、乳液形成方法、乳化剂组成、乳化剂用量对单体转化率、接枝率、接枝效率、产品特性黏数及絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,将单一的脂肪酸盐以一定比例进行复配得到的混合物的乳化效果较好,当m(油酸)∶m(油酸钠)=60∶40的复配物为乳化剂,w(乳化剂)=6%,V(油)∶V(水)=1 2∶1,n(AM)∶n(DMDAAC)=3∶1,c〔(NH4)2S2O8〕=3 5×10-4mol/L,t=6h,θ=45℃时,单体转化率达99 7%,接枝率达97 6%,接枝效率为97 9%,特性黏数为1120mL/g。     

Synthesis of polyacrylamide with pendant poly(n‐octyl acrylate) chains using macromer technique and studies on their properties

An amphiphilic graft copolymer of polyacrylamide (PAM) with uniform poly(n‐octyl acrylate) (POA) grafts was synthesized by copolymerization of AM with POA macromer in solution using azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. The macromer was synthesized by free radical polymerization of octyl acrylate in the presence of different amounts of thioglycolic acid as the chain transfer agent, followed by termination with glycidyl methacrylate. The reactivity ratio and effects of copolymerization conditions on the conversion of macromer or grafting efficiency were studied. The crude products were purified by extraction with toluene and water successively. The purified graft copolymer was characterized by IR, DSC, and TEM. PAM‐g‐POA can bring about microphase separation and exhibits good emulsifying properties and water absorbency. PAM‐g‐POA exhibits a very good compatibilizing effect on the acrylic rubber/poly(vinyl chloride) blends. About 2–3% of the graft copolymer is enough for enhancing the tensile strength of the blends. The tensile strength of the blends is more than twice that without the compatibilizer. DSC and SEM demonstrated the enhancement of compatibility in the presence of the graft copolymer. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

降解淀粉/DMDAAC-AM接枝共聚物复鞣剂的合成及应用

酶降解淀粉与二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)在引发剂(NH4)2S2O8(APS)作用下进行了接枝共聚合反应,制得阳离子型淀粉复鞣剂。第一步酶降解条件为m(蒸馏水)∶m(淀粉)∶m(α 淀粉酶)=180∶20∶0 2,在60℃降解1h。第二步接枝聚合反应条件为m(DMDAAC)∶m(AM)∶m(APS)=40∶20∶1 5,在75℃保温反应2h。接枝共聚物的接枝率及接枝效率分别为150%和78%,单体转化率及阳离子度分别为98 5%和37%,复鞣革对于染料及加脂剂的吸收率分别为97 3%和96 2%,用红外光谱(FTIR)对复鞣剂的结构进行了表征。