基于shell命令和Markov链模型的用户伪装攻击检测

提出一种新的基于shell命令的用户伪装攻击检测方法。该方法在训练阶段充分考虑了用户行为的多变性和伪装攻击的特点,采用平稳的齐次Markov链对合法用户的正常行为进行建模,根据shell命令的出现频率进行阶梯式数据归并来划分状态,同现有的Markov链方法相比大幅度减少了状态个数和转移概率矩阵的存储量,提高了泛化能力。针对检测实时性需求和shell命令操作的短时相关性,采用了基于频率优先的状态匹配方法,并通过对状态短序列的出现概率进行加窗平滑滤噪处理来计算判决值,能够有效减少系统计算开销,降低误报率。实验表明,该方法具有很高的检测准确率和较强的可操作性,特别适用于在线检测。     

基于shell命令和Markov链模型的用户行为异常检测

异常检测是目前入侵检测系统(IDS)研究的主要方向。该文提出一种基于shell命令和Markov链模型的用户行为异常检测方法,该方法利用一阶齐次Markov链对网络系统中合法用户的正常行为进行建模,将Markov链的状态与用户执行的shell命令联系在一起,并引入一个附加状态;Markov链参数的计算中采用了运算量较小的命令匹配方法;在检测阶段,基于状态序列的出现概率对被监测用户当前行为的异常程度进行分析,并提供了两种可选的判决方案。文中提出的方法已在实际入侵检测系统中得到应用,并表现出良好的检测性能。     

基于shen命令和Markov链模型的用户行为异常检测

异常检测是目前入侵检测系统（IDS）研究的主要方向。该文提出一种基于shell命令和Markov链模型的用户行为异常检测方法，该方法利用-阶齐次Markov链对网络系统中合法用户的正常行为进行建模，将Markov链的状态与用户执行的shell命令联系在一起，并引入一个附加状态；Markov链参数的计算中采用了运算量较小的命令匹配方法；在检测阶段，基于状态序列的出现概率对被监测用户当前行为的异常程度进行分析，并提供了两种可选的判决方案。文中提出的方法已在实际入侵检测系统中得到应用，并表现出良好的检测性能。     

基于命令紧密度的用户伪装入侵检测方法

根据Unix系统中用户的历史命令序列,提出一种基于命令紧密度模型的用户伪装入侵检测方法.该方法从命令组合的角度抽取用户的行为模式.用户经常组合使用的命令,表现出关系紧密;不常被一起使用的命令,表现出关系疏远.通过滑动窗口方法从用户的历史命令序列中生成紧密度矩阵.如果待检测的命令块对于该用户来说表现出紧密度过低,则判断为异常.实验表明该方法计算量小,检测效果好,而且具有很高的实时性.     

基于隐马尔可夫模型的用户行为异常检测新方法

提出一种基于隐马尔可夫模型的用户行为异常检测方法,主要用于以shell命令为审计数据的主机型入侵检测系统。与Lane T提出的检测方法相比,所提出的方法改进了对用户行为模式和行为轮廓的表示方式,在HMM的训练中采用了运算量较小的序列匹配方法,并基于状态序列出现概率对被监测用户的行为进行判决。实验表明,此方法具有很高的检测准确度和较强的可操作性。     

一种新的基于Markov链模型的用户行为异常检测方法

提出一种新的基于Markov链模型的用户行为异常检测方法。该方法利用一阶齐次Markov链对网络系统中合法用户的正常行为进行建模,将Markov链的状态同用户执行的shell命令序列联系在一起,并引入一个附加状态;在检测阶段,基于状态序列的出现概率对用户当前行为的异常程度进行分析,并根据Markov链状态的实际含义和用户行为的特点, 采用了较为特殊的判决准则。与Lane T提出的基于隐Markov模型的检测方法相比,该方法的计算复杂度较低,更适用于在线检测。而同基于实例学习的检测方法相比,该方法则在检测准确率方面具有较大优势。文中提出的方法已在实际入侵检测系统中得到应用,并表现出良好的检测性能。     

新网络环境下应用层DDoS攻击的剖析与防御

针对新网络环境下近两年新出现的应用层分布式拒绝服务攻击,本文将详细剖析其原理与特点,并分析现有检测机制在处理这种攻击上的不足.最后,本文提出一种基于用户行为的检测机制,它利用Web挖掘的方法通过Web访问行为与正常用户浏览行为的偏离程度检测与过滤恶意的攻击请求,并通过应用层与传输层的协作实现对攻击源的隔离.     

新的基于机器学习的入侵检测方法

提出了一种基于机器学习的用户行为异常检测方法,主要用于UNIX平台上以shell命令为审计数据的入侵检测系统。该方法在LaneT等人提出的检测方法的基础上,改进了对用户行为模式和行为轮廓的表示方式,在检测中以行为模式所对应的命令序列为单位进行相似度赋值;在对相似度流进行平滑时,引入了“可变窗长度”的概念,并联合采用多个判决门限对被监测用户的行为进行判决。实验表明,该方法在检测准确度和实时性上均优于LaneT等人提出的方法。     

基于用户授权的数据保护方法

计算机病毒、间谍软件等的危害之一是对重要信息的窃取或者修改,现有的安全软件或者防火墙等防护措施不能对数据提供实时的、全面的防护,一些恶意程序总是能够通过采用新技术来伪装、欺骗而逃过检测。针对这一问题,文中提出一种基于用户授权的数据保护方法。与传统的保护方法不同,该方法对恶意程序的检测没有停留在对程序本身代码和行为的合法性上,而是以用户为标准,要求所有对受保护数据的访问都必须经过用户的授权,对没有受权的访问请求即认为是不合法的;进一步,文中提出了自动获取用户授权的方案,提高了该方法的可用性。     

一种基于隐马尔可夫模型的IDS异常检测新方法

提出一种新的基于隐马尔可夫模型的异常检测方法,主要用于以shell命令或系统调用为原始数据的IDS。此方法对用户(或程序)行为建立特殊的隐马尔可夫模型,根据行为模式所对应的序列长度对其进行分类,将行为模式类型同隐马尔可夫模型的状态联系在一起,并引入一个附加状态。由于模型中各状态对应的观测值集合互不相交,模型训练中采用了运算量较小的的序列匹配方法,与传统的Baum-Welch算法相比,大大减小了训练时间。根据模型中状态的实际含义,采用了基于状态序列出现概率的判决准则。利用UNIX平台上用户shell命令数据进行的实验表明,此方法具有很高的检测准确性,其可操作性也优于同类方法。     

A Method for Anomaly Detection of User Behaviors Based on Machine Learning

1Introduction Intrusiondetectiontechniquescanbecategorizedinto misusedetectionandanomalydetection.Misusedetec tionsystemsmodelattacksasspecificpatterns,anduse thepatternsofknownattackstoidentifyamatchedac tivityasanattackinstance.Anomalydetectionsystems u…     

Anomaly detection of user behavior based on DTMC with states of variable-length sequences

In anomaly detection,a challenge is how to model a user’s dynamic behavior.Many previous works represent the user behavior based on fixed-length models.To overcome their shortcoming,we propose a novel method based on discrete-time Markov chains(DTMC) with states of variable-length sequences.The method firstly generates multiple shell command streams of different lengths and combines them into the library of general sequences.Then the states are defined according to variable-length behavioral patterns of a valid user,which improves the precision and adaptability of user profiling.Subsequently the transition probability matrix is created.In order to reduce computational complexity,the classification values are determined only by the transition probabilities,then smoothed with sliding windows,and finally used to discriminate between normal and abnormal behavior.Two empirical evaluations on datasets from Purdue University and AT&T Shannon Lab show that the proposed method can achieve higher detection accuracy and require less memory than the other traditional methods.     

Error Rate Analysis of Uplink MC-CDMA Systems using Complementary Codes in Rayleigh Fading Channels

Cloud computing is a global technology for data storage and retrieving. Many organizations are switching their companies to cloud technology, so that they can lease cloud services for use on a membership or pay as you go basis rather than creating their own systems. Cloud service provider and the Cloud service accessibility are the two major problems in cloud computing. The Economic Denial of Sustainability (EDoS) attack is an important attack towards the cloud service providers. The attackers may send continuous requests to the cloud in a particular second. Hence the legitimate user cannot access the data due to heavy cloud traffic. Hence the paid user cannot access the data. However, this problem makes an economical issue to the users. So this paper presented a new technique as, ADS-PAYG (Attack Defense Shell- Pay As You Go) approach using Trust Factor method against the EDoS attack is proposed to improve more number of authenticated users by fixing a threshold value. The algorithm produced an effective result based on response time, accuracy and CPU utilization. The ADS-PAYG solution is applied using MATLAB, which outperforms other Trust factor estimation methods and effectively distinguishes attackers from legitimate users. The detection accuracy is 83.43% for the given dataset and it is high when compared to the existing algorithms.

     

Decorrelating detectors for quasi-synchronous CDMA

To date, two forms of spread spectrum code division multiple access (CDMA) have been considered in the literature. Either synchronous CDMA, where all users are both chip and bit synchronized relative to each other, or asynchronous CDMA, where all users are neither chip nor bit synchronized relative to each other. Between these two extremes lies quasi-synchronous CDMA (QS-CDMA) where users are not chip synchronized but are approximately bit synchronized. Quasi-synchronous CDMA arises in microcell systems where the combined propagation time and delay spread produces a variation in the round trip delay time limited to a few chips.Detection of QS-CDMA at the base station is considered. It is shown that memoryless detection can be achieved by appending blank chips to the user's spreading codes.Two decorrelating detectors are proposed and analyzed. The first uses a matched filter bank to produce a discrete time signal, and the second uses a single oversampling integrate-and-dump filter to produce a discrete time signal. For the first detector, each matched filter is synchronized to its respective user, and for the second detector, the integrate-and-dump filter is synchronized to the base station transmissions. The performance of the two detectors is shown to be approximately equal provided the integrate-and-dump filter is sampled at least two times the chip rate.     

Blind multiuser detection in space division multiple access systems

This paper reviews and proposes blind multiuser detection techniques for space division multiple access systems. In this case, multiple users can be separated due to their spatial position by means of an adaptive antenna array. The constant modulus algorithm is employed in the array weights computation together with the concept of explicit decorrelation, for the sake to recover all users simultaneously. In order to improve the convergence rate and the steady-state error behavior, two new features are introduced. The first contribution is the proposition of a least-squares version of the CMA technique for multiuser detection. Afterwards an adaptive procedure is proposed to provide an improved explicit decorrelation. The performance improvements are confirmed bx some simulation results.