纳米管结构聚苯胺的电阻率和磁化率

研究了用自组装法制备的质子酸掺杂的纳米管结构聚苯胺的电阻率(ρ)和磁化率随温度变化的依赖关系,讨论了质子酸掺杂浓度、不同对阴离子以及苯胺单体与质子酸聚合时反应浓度对纳米管结构聚苯胺电学性质的影响.实验结果表明,lnρ和T-1/2呈线性关系,不同对阴离子对聚苯胺的电阻率影响很大,随着质子酸掺杂浓度以及苯胺单体与质子酸聚合时反应浓度的增大,聚苯胺的电阻率明显减小;而且,其磁化率可以表示为与温度无关的泡利顺磁性和符合居里定律的顺磁性之和.     

Ho and Ti co-doped BiFeO_3 multiferroic ceramics with enhanced magnetization and ultrahigh electrical resistivity

Bi0.9Ho0.1Fe0.95O3 and Bi0.9Ho0.1Fe0.9Ti0.05O3 ceramics were prepared and compared to reveal the effects of Ho and Ti codoping in BiFeO3. X-ray diffraction indicated that both ceramics had a high rhombohedral perovskite phase content, and microstructural analyses showed that the grains of the Bi0.9Ho0.1Fe0.9Ti0.05O3 ceramics were much smaller than those of Bi0.9Ho0.1Fe0.95O3. An electrical resistivity of more than 1 × 1014?·cm at room temperature, and a magnetic hysteresis loop with a remnant magnetization 2Mr of ～ 0.485 emu/g were obtained for Bi0.9Ho0.1Fe0.9Ti0.05O3; both were much higher than those of Bi0.9Ho0.1Fe0.95O3. Changes in the defect subsystem of BiFeO3 induced by Fe-deficiency and(Ho,Ti) codoping are proposed as being responsible for the improvement in the properties.     

Ho and Ti co-doped BiFe03 multiferroic ceramics with enhanced magnetization and ultrahigh electrical resistivity

Bio.9HOo.lFeo.9503 and Bio.9HOo.lFeo.9Tio.0503 ceramics were prepared and compared to reveal the effects of Ho and Ti codoping in BiFeO3. X-ray diffraction indicated that both ceramics had a high rhombohedral perovskite phase content, and microstructural analyses showed that the grains of the Bio.9HOo.lFeo.9Tio.0503 ceramics were much smaller than those of Bio.9HOo.lFeo.9503. An electrical resistivity of more than 1 × 1014.cm at room temperature, and a magnetic hysteresis loop with a remnant magnetization 2Mr of 0.485 emu/g were obtained for Bi0.9HO0.1Fe0.9Ti0.0503; both were much higher than those of Bio.9Hoo.1Feo.9503. Changes in the defect subsystem of BiFeO3 induced by Fe-deficiency and （Ho,Ti） codoping are proposed as being responsible for the improvement in the properties.     

A mean-field study of the temperature dependence of the layer magnetizations in a semi-infinite ising model

Summary We present a mean-field study of the layer magnetization of a semi-infinite Ising model with intra-surfaceJ _B and surface-bulkJ ₁ interaction modified with respect to the bulk exchange interactionJ. This allows to discuss the extent of the spatial inhomogeneity perpendicular to a free surface. By following the magnetization of each layer, we are able to see how the critical exponents evolve from the bulk to the surface values. Furthermore, we introduce a new characteristic temperature,T _em, where the surface magnetization departs from the bulk behaviour, as a possible candidate for the experimental determination ofJ ₈ andJ ₁. In honour of Prof. Fausto Fumi on the occasion of his retirement from teaching.     

Magnons versus free spinons in finite quantum frustrated antiferromagnets

We have investigated the validity of doping with a vacancy the J₁–J₃ frustrated Heisenberg model on a finite square lattice as a way to test the existence of fractional spin excitations. Using a generalized t–J₁–J₃ model we have computed the vacancy spectral functions in the self-consistent Born approximation. We have found that by including spiral fluctuations in the magnetic ground state, the spectral functions on finite systems agree very well with the unbiased exact ones. In contrast to the recent proposal that the quasiparticle weight reduction could be a signal of a spinon free excitation in finite systems, we have found strong evidence that such a reduction is due to the existence of spiral fluctuations.     

Magnetism and magnetoresistance of Er1-xSmxMn6Ge6(x=0.2－1.0) compounds

Magnetic and transport properties of Er_{1-x}Sm_xMn_6Ge_6(x=0.2-1.0) have been investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and magnetization measurement. Analysis of the XRD patterns indicates that the samples with x≤0.4 mainly consist of HfFe_6Ge_6-type phase and the samples with 0.6≤x≤1.0 mainly consist of YCo_6Ge_6-type phase (P6/mmm). The lattice constants and the unit cell volume increase with increasing Sm content. The antiferro－ferri－ferromagnetic transitions can be observed with increasing Sm content. The samples with x=0.2 and 0.4 order antiferromagnetically at 420 and 425K, respectively. The samples with x=0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 order from ferri- to ferromagnetically over the whole magnetic ordering temperature range. The corresponding Curie temperatures are 435, 441 and 446K, respectively. The magnetoresistance (MR) isotherms of the sample with x=0.8, measured at various temperatures, are analysed. The magnitude of MR is found to be positive below 55K and gradually increases to a relatively large value of about 5.02% at 5K in a field of 5T as the temperature is lowered. A possible explanation for the positive MR is given.     

A new ultra‐high‐vacuum variable temperature and high‐magnetic‐field X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism facility at LNLS

X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) is one of the most powerful tools for investigating the magnetic properties of different types of materials that display ferromagnetic behavior. Compared with other magnetic‐sensitive techniques, XMCD has the advantage of being element specific and is capable of separating the spin and magnetic moment contributions associated with each element in the sample. In samples involving, for example, buried atoms, clusters on surfaces or at interfaces, ultrathin films, nanoparticles and nanostructures, three experimental conditions must be present to perform state‐of‐the‐art XMCD measurements: high magnetic fields, low temperatures and an ultra‐high‐vacuum environment. This paper describes a new apparatus that can be easily installed at different X‐ray and UV beamlines at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). The apparatus combines the three characteristics described above and different methods to measure the absorption signal. It also permits in situ sample preparation and transfer to another chamber for measurement by conventional surface science techniques such as low‐energy electron diffraction (LEED), reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD). Examples are given of XMCD measurements performed with this set‐up on different materials.     

Electronic Structure of RCo2 (R = Y, Nd, Ho, Er)

The results of electronic structure studies of the YCo₂ performed in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) are reported. We have applied both local spin density approximation (LSDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the treatment of exchange and correlation effects. We have found the stable paramagnetic ground state (a _min/a _exp = 0.962) using LSDA. In addition, we have investigated the influence of the local R-4f moments in RCo₂ (R = Nd, Ho, Er) on the ferrimagnetic solution using a self-interaction corrected LSDA method.     

Ca掺杂氧化物超导体正常态电阻反常及其磁输运行为

本文研究了对Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7-δ进行Ca掺杂后样品的输运特性．实验中发现：随Ca含量增加，样品正常态电阻随之下降．出现反常电阻现象原因可能是Ca替代Y位，导致体系载流子浓度发生变化，从而使得晶界附近的电子能带结构发生改变．另外；低温下的样品伏安特性在外磁场下出现反常，动态电阻dV／dI随磁场增加而下降．有关该现象的物理机制有待于进一步研究．     

First and second order quantum phase transitions in multi-band superconductors

In multi-band and inter-metallic materials superconductivity can be destroyed by applying external pressure in these systems. In many cases the critical temperature is driven continuously to zero, the superconducting to normal transition being associated with a superconducting quantum critical point (SQCP). In this paper we propose a model for this type of SQCP based on the increase of hybridization as pressure is applied in the material. We study a two-band superconductor with hybridization V between these bands. We use a BCS approximation and include both inter- and intra-band attractive interactions. We show that for negligible inter-band interactions, as hybridization increases there is a second order phase transition from a superconductor to a normal state at zero temperature at a critical value of the hybridization V_c. This SQCP can be reached by pressure, since this external parameter controls hybridization in the system. We also find discontinuous transitions at zero temperature and the appearance of a gapless superconducting (GS) phase in a certain range of hybridization in the case of inter-band interactions being dominant.     

暂态磁性

利用超快脉冲技术研究铁磁金属的暂态磁性与自旋动力学是国际上最近开展起来的磁学研究新领域．文章简单介绍了这一研究领域的基本概念、实验方法和研究进展     

Irrelevant operators and momentum-shell recursion relations ind=2 + ∈ dimensions

The momentum-shell recursion relations of Nelson and Pelcovits for ann-vector model near two dimensions are reexamined. The renormalization of the infinite set of relevant and marginal operators present in the system is studied. Ambiguities obtained in the ensuing recursion relations are shown to involve irrelevant operators only, thus justifying the procedure of Nelson and Pelcovits. The cases of finite external fieldh and finite spin anisotropyg are both considered.     

Effects of Hole-Doping on Superconducting Properties in MgCNi3 and its Relation to Magnetism

Low temperature Mössbauer experiments were performed in Fe-doped and in C-deficiency MgCNi₃. No magnetic moment was found for Fe in MgC(Ni_0.99Fe_0.01)₃ sample and no magnetic hf field was observed at any temperature for all the samples. These results shown no evidence of magnetic fluctuation or magnetic ordering influencing the depress of superconductivity in hole-doped MgCNi₃.     

Fe1-xPdx合金电子结构和磁性的理论研究

Fe1-xPdx合金的磁性强烈地依赖于其结构以及Pd的相对含量.从第一性原理出发,用线性缀加平面波(LAPW)方法,分别计算了x=000,025,050,075,100的情况下,面心立方(fcc)和体心立方(bcc)结构的Fe1-xPdx合金的电子结构和基态磁性.随x的增大,fcc结构的Fe1-xPdx合金的磁性从铁磁性或者反铁磁性变为亚铁磁性,再从亚铁磁性变为铁磁性和顺磁性;bcc结构的Fe1-xPdx合金从铁磁性减弱到顺磁性,预言了fcc结构的Fe1-xPdx合金可能存在亚铁磁相.并较好地解关键词：合金电子结构磁性     

退火对高Co含量Ti1-xCoxO2磁性半导体的影响

利用磁控溅射仪制备了高Co含量的Ti_1-xCo_xO₂磁性半导体样品,并对样品分别在200℃,300℃和400℃进行退火研究.使用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对退火前后样品的结构进行表征,并用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对退火前后样品中Co元素的化学状态进行鉴定.结果表明高Co含量的Ti_1-xCo_xO₂磁性半导体处于一种亚稳状态,300℃以上的温度便使其结构与成分发生巨大变化.利用超导量子干涉磁强计(SQUID)测量退火前后样品的磁特性,结果表明样品的磁性有了明显的变化,这源于磁性产生的不同机理.关键词：磁性半导体退火磁性     

Multiferroic properties of sol-gel derived Bi5Fe1-xCoxTi3O15 thin films

Co-doped Bi 5 FeTi 3 O 15 thin films (BFCT-x,Bi 5 Fe 1-x Co x Ti 3 O 15) were prepared using a sol-gel technique.XRD patterns confirm their single phase Aurivillius structure,and the corresponding powder Rietveld analysis indicates the change of space group around x=0.12.The magnetic hysteresis loops are obtained and ferromagnetism is therefore confirmed in BFCT-x thin films.The remanent magnetization (M r) first increases and reaches the maximum value of 0.42 emu/cm 3 at x=0.12 due to the possible Fe 3+-O-Co 3+ ferromagnetic coupling.When x=0.25,the M r increases again because of the dominant Fe 3+-O-Co 3+ ferromagnetic coupling.The remanent polarization (2P r) of BFCT-0.25 was measured to be as high as 62 μC/cm 2,a 75% increase when compared with the non-doped BFCT-0 films.The 2P r remains almost unchanged after being subjected to 5.2 × 10 9 read/write cycles.Greatly enhanced ferroelectric properties are considered to be associated with decreased leakage current density.     

Magnetism of free and supported clusters: a comparative study

The presented work investigates the differences in magnetic properties of free and supported clusters via ab-initio calculations. The electronic structure of the clusters was calculated using a spin polarized relativistic multiple-scattering Green’s function formalism. We focus on Fe clusters of 2–9 atoms, either free or supported by Ni(001), and on Co clusters of 2–7 atoms, either free or supported by Au(111). For the supported clusters, the spin and orbital magnetic moments depend on the cluster size nearly monotonically, while for the free clusters large quasi-oscillations of magnetic moments with the cluster size were observed. Similarly, for supported clusters, the local spin magnetic moments decrease nearly linearly with increasing coordination number, while for free clusters of the same size range the trend is much more complicated. These findings are consistent with the fact that the spectral distribution function contains much sharper features for free clusters than for supported clusters.