基于事件流图的用户界面测试优化

针对目前用户图形界面(GUI)自动化测试对于代码和开发语言的依赖,以及捕捉/回放工具中存在的手工依赖和对测试用例测试覆盖率缺乏系统管理的问题,基于事件流图理论,提出了不依赖于代码静态分析的GUI自动化测试方法。在没有程序代码的前提下,利用WinRunner工具通过鼠标动作获得GUI组件,利用自行开发的工具自动分析GUI窗口层次,定义事件属性和测试用例生成规则,自动生成了完备测试用例集,并通过实例验证了方法的有效性。     

影响GUI测试性能的两个因素:测试用例及测试预测

GUI测试在软件开发和测试中具有重要的地位.GUI自动化测试的实际应用强调了测试的成本和效率.在GUI测试中,测试用例和测试预测是两个与图形用户界面测试性能相关的主要因素.根据GUI的事件流图,事件关联图等特性,通过分析GUI事件的代码复杂度,将事件分配到各个长度不同的测试用例中,并定义测试预测的级别.通过实例,研究测试用例和测试预测对于图形用户界面测试性能的影响,从而为进一步完善GUI测试框架提供了依据.     

基于交互事件流模型的GUI测试用例生成

根据GUI基于事件驱动的特点,对事件流思想在GUI测试中的应用进行研究。针对事件流模型对GUI事件之间的关系描述过于薄弱,生成大量冗余测试用例的问题,在事件流模型中加入用来描述事件间交互关系的信息。同时指出事件交互的本质是事件处理程序之间的变量共享和消息传递。最后给出生成有效交互测试用例的具体算法,并在实例中验证了其有效性。     

基于模型的图形用户界面软件测试方法

通过研究GUI(图形用户界面)软件的规格说明、GUI结构、GUI代码,构造用于GUI测试的四种不同层次的GUI表示方法,该表示方法可以描述界面间关系的界面调用关系图、界面信息的对象-事件分析图、界面内事件间关系的事件关系流图以及程序内部逻辑结构的事件程序控制流图,在此基础上提出了基于这些模型的复合性测试用例生成方法,并用实例说明该方法的有效性.     

面向云测试的并行测试用例自动生成方法

为实现云计算环境下的高效软件测试,提出一种Web 应用系统功能测试的并行测试用例自动生成方法。该方法首先根据场景流图采用深度优先遍历算法生成并行测试路径,录制组合产生并行测试脚本,并进行参数化处理;然后,使用基于搜索的软件测试(SBST)方法自动生成可经过目标路径的有效测试数据集,脚本与数据耦合形成大量可并行部署的自动化测试用例。为验证方法的有效性设计了自动化云测试原型系统。实验结果表明,该并行测试用例自动生成方法可以高效地为云平台提供测试用例输入,提高测试效率。     

基于事件权重的GUI测试路径生成方法

针对GUI事件驱动特性产生无限多个测试路径的问题,提出在事件流图中考虑事件权重的GUI测试路径生成方法。分析了事件流图模型,采用层次分析法计算事件的权重,通过遍历事件流图生成GUI测试路径。该方法减少了测试路径的数目,生成的测试路径更具有效性,提高了测试效率。     

基于本体和规则推理的GUI软件测试用例生成*

为了提高GUI软件测试用例的生成效率和可维护性,提出了一种基于本体和规则推理的GUI软件测试用例生成方法。首先建立一个通用的GUI软件测试用例本体模型,通过对其继承和实例化可获得具体被测软件的测试用例本体模型,同时开发反映测试数据生成和测试路径生成的测试用例生成规则。最后将基于OWL的测试用例本体和基于SWRL的测试用例生成规则导入Jess推理引擎,通过推理得到符合测试需求的、易于维护的测试用例子集。在核电站堆芯换料管理系统上的应用,验证了该方法的有效性。     

一个支持持续集成的移动应用功能测试框架*

为了更加有效地检测移动应用缺陷,论文提出了一个自动化测试框架;该框架包含了常见GUI控件识别、测试用例生成,排序以及事件流模型的API。框架根据应用程序GUI运行时状态信息生成可执行的测试用例;这些测试用例可以组织成测试套件。一个实际案例证明了该框架如何贯穿整个测试流程,降低测试自动化工作的复杂性。     

面向GUI软件测试的交互图生成及其实现*

从控件的信息入手,研究了界面的控件间功能交互关系,提出了基于交互图的GUI测试方法,并开发了一个基于交互图的GUI测试工具GUITester.它能自动生成交互图和测试用例,大大提高了GUI软件测试的效率和覆盖率.     

基于UML协作图的测试用例生成方法与实现

根据组件软件的特征,提出一种基于UML协作图直接产生测试用例的方法.给出了一系列覆盖准则,并针对协作图中条件、并发和循环消息流提出相应的处理方法.采用深度优先的算法遍历所有测试场景,每个测试场景相应于一个测试用例,并设计和实现了测试用例自动生成工具系统UMLTCG.     

基于用户操作的事件流模型构建方法研究

随着GUI的应用越来越广泛,GUI软件的功能性测试变得越来越重要,它是确保整个系统安全性、可用性和鲁棒性的重要因素。虽然测试人员对GUI软件的自动测试技术研究比较多,但基于模型的自动化技术却很少能用于实践中,关键原因是研究人员提出的模型在应用方面具有其局限性,更重要的是,构造模型是一个非常困难的过程。在手动测试不可或缺的情况下,提出了通过录制用户操作来构建事件流模型的方法,方法实现模型简单准确,通过模型可以生成大量有效的测试用例,提高测试GUI软件功能的充分性。     

GUI testing assisted by human knowledge: Random vs. functional

Software testing is a labor-intensive task in software development life-cycle. Human knowledge is useful in the practices of software testing, especially GUI testing. There are many strategies for GUI testing assisted by human knowledge, in which manual random testing and manual functional testing are two of widely used ones. In this paper, an empirical study is conducted to compare random testing and functional testing in order to provide guidelines for GUI testing. 234 participants were recruited to create thousands of random and functional test cases for open source GUI applications. Some of these test cases were selected with certain coverage criteria and then run on GUI applications to evaluate random testing and functional testing. We study three aspects on the two testing strategies: effectiveness, complementarity and impact of test case length. Some useful observations in the empirical study are: (1) Random testing is more effective in the early stage of testing on small applications and functional testing has more extensive applicability for testing large sized applications. (2) Random testing and functional testing exhibit some complementarity in our experiment. (3) Short test cases can reveal some faults more quickly and long test cases can reveal more faults lastingly.     

Graphical user interface (GUI) testing: Systematic mapping and repository

ContextGUI testing is system testing of a software that has a graphical-user interface (GUI) front-end. Because system testing entails that the entire software system, including the user interface, be tested as a whole, during GUI testing, test cases—modeled as sequences of user input events—are developed and executed on the software by exercising the GUI’s widgets (e.g., text boxes and clickable buttons). More than 230 articles have appeared in the area of GUI testing since 1991.ObjectiveIn this paper, we study this existing body of knowledge using a systematic mapping (SM).MethodThe SM is conducted using the guidelines proposed by Petersen et al. We pose three sets of research questions. We define selection and exclusion criteria. From the initial pool of 230 articles, published in years 1991–2011, our final pool consisted of 136 articles. We systematically develop a classification scheme and map the selected articles to this scheme.ResultsWe present two types of results. First, we report the demographics and bibliometrics trends in this domain, including: top-cited articles, active researchers, top venues, and active countries in this research area. Moreover, we derive the trends, for instance, in terms of types of articles, sources of information to derive test cases, types of evaluations used in articles, etc. Our second major result is a publicly-accessible repository that contains all our mapping data. We plan to update this repository on a regular basis, making it a “live” resource for all researchers.ConclusionOur SM provides an overview of existing GUI testing approaches and helps spot areas in the field that require more attention from the research community. For example, much work is needed to connect academic model-based techniques with commercially available tools. To this end, studies are needed to compare the state-of-the-art in GUI testing in academic techniques and industrial tools.     

Hierarchical GUI test case generation using automated planning

The widespread use of GUIs for interacting with software is leading to the construction of more and more complex GUIs. With the growing complexity come challenges in testing the correctness of a GUI and its underlying software. We present a new technique to automatically generate test cases for GUIs that exploits planning, a well-developed and used technique in artificial intelligence. Given a set of operators, an initial state, and a goal state, a planner produces a sequence of the operators that will transform the initial state to the goal state. Our test case generation technique enables efficient application of planning by first creating a hierarchical model of a GUI based on its structure. The GUI model consists of hierarchical planning operators representing the possible events in the GUI. The test designer defines the preconditions and effects of the hierarchical operators, which are input into a plan-generation system. The test designer also creates scenarios that represent typical initial and goal states for a GUI user. The planner then generates plans representing sequences of GUI interactions that a user might employ to reach the goal state from the initial state. We implemented our test case generation system, called Planning Assisted Tester for Graphical User Interface Systems (PATHS) and experimentally evaluated its practicality and effectiveness. We describe a prototype implementation of PATHS and report on the results of controlled experiments to generate test cases for Microsoft's WordPad