甲亢大鼠心肌细胞缩短幅值一频率关系的变化

目的：观测实验性甲状腺功能亢进症（甲亢）大鼠不同时期心功能变化的特征，以探明甲亢大鼠心力衰竭的可能机制。方法：采用大鼠无创尾套法测量血压与脉率，离体工作心脏模型观测心功能，利用离体单心肌细胞测量心肌收缩性能的变化。结果：实验性甲亢大鼠心率明显增快，心肌细胞宽度增加而长度未见明显改变。2周甲状腺素（T4）处理组离体工作心脏模式下，心输出量较对照组明显增强；在固有心率下，前负荷对心功能的调节机制保持正常。2周T4处理组心肌细胞无负荷缩短幅值，在1与2Hz较对照组显著增加，但在4Hz下与对照组无差别；随刺激频率增大，缩短幅值逐步降低。4周T4组心肌细胞缩短幅值进一步增大，亦呈随频率增加而幅值降低的现象。两个T4组心肌细胞收缩时程均较对照组明显缩短。在1与2Hz作用下，心肌细胞的无负荷缩短与舒张速率均明显高于对照组；4Hz下2周T4组缩短与舒张速率仍高于对照组，4周T4组则与对照组间无显著差别。结论：4周甲亢大鼠单心肌细胞无负荷缩短幅值一频率关系早于整体心脏功能发生变化。     

AMPK通过增强心肌脂肪酸氧化抑制大鼠心肌肥厚

目的： 探讨单磷酸腺苷（AMP）激活的蛋白激酶（AMPK）对心肌肥厚的影响及可能涉及的作用机制。方法： 通过对大鼠行腹主动脉缩窄术（TAC）引起压力负荷增加，造成心肌肥厚的模型。术后24 h起经皮下注射AMPK的特异性激活剂AICAR(0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1)直至术后7周。处死动物前，对大鼠进行超声心动学指标的检测和血清游离脂肪酸浓度测定；处死动物，取心脏称重后计算心脏重/体重比值，测量心肌细胞的平均直径、心肌中的游离脂肪酸含量、过氧化体增殖物激活型受体α（PPARα）和肉碱棕榈酰转移酶（CPT-I）的mRNA表达。结果： （1）心肌肥厚+AICAR组大鼠的心脏重/体重比值、心肌细胞平均直径、血清及心肌中游离脂肪酸的浓度明显低于心肌肥厚对照组；（2）心肌肥厚+AICAR组大鼠心肌PPARα及CPT-I的mRNA表达明显高于心肌肥厚对照组；(3) 心肌肥厚+AICAR组大鼠心脏超声心动学指标：左室后壁舒张末期厚度、左室舒张、收缩末期内径 (PWT, LVDD, LVSD) 低于心肌肥厚对照组，左室短轴缩短率 (FS%) 则高于心肌肥厚对照组。结论： 活化的AMPK可能通过增强心肌脂肪酸氧化从而抑制压力负荷增加引起的心肌肥厚。     

甲状腺素对大鼠心肌T型钙通道蛋白和mRNA的影响

目的:观察甲状腺素对大鼠心肌T型钙通道Cav3.1、Cav3.2和Cav3.3表达的影响,探讨T型钙通道表达变化与甲亢性心脏病引起的心律失常之间的关系。方法:选取健康SD大鼠20只,随机分为正常对照组和甲亢性心脏病组(n=10),腹腔注射L-甲状腺素(0.5 mg/kg)连续35 d建立大鼠甲亢性心脏病模型。检测各组大鼠血清T3和T4的含量,测定各组大鼠心脏指数和心肌细胞横径,并行心电图检查;免疫组化和Western blot检测各组大鼠心肌T型钙通道蛋白的表达;RT-PCR检测心肌T型钙通道mRNA的表达。结果:造模35 d后与正常对照组比较,甲亢性心脏病组大鼠血清T3和T4含量明显升高,心脏指数和心肌细胞横径明显增加(P0.05),并发生心律失常;免疫组化、Western blot和RT-PCR结果显示,甲亢性心脏病组大鼠心肌Cav3.1表达较正常对照组明显增加(P0.05),Cav3.2表达明显减少(P0.01),Cav3.3的表达无变化。结论:甲状腺素可促进心肌Cav3.1mRNA和蛋白的表达,抑制Cav3.2 mRNA和蛋白的表达,而对Cav3.3的表达则没有影响。Cav3.1和Cav3.2的表达变化可能与甲亢性心脏病心律失常的发生有关。     

低硒大鼠心肌线粒体硫氧还蛋白2的动态表达和心肌的损伤情况

 目的：检测低硒大鼠心肌线粒体中硫氧还蛋白2（thioredoxin 2,Trx2）的蛋白表达水平,观察在体心功能及心肌细胞凋亡情况,分析Trx2与心功能及心肌细胞凋亡指数之间的相关性,探讨Trx2在心肌损伤中的作用。方法：构建低硒大鼠模型,以常硒组为对照,分别于喂养20周、30周和40周时颈动脉插管测其心功能;提取心肌线粒体,Western blotting法检测线粒体中Trx2的表达水平;免疫组织化学技术（SP法）对Fas相关死亡结构域蛋白（FADD）进行原位染色,衡量心肌细胞凋亡情况。结果：（1）各时点对照组大鼠心肌线粒体Trx2的表达无明显差异,低硒组与相应时点的对照组相比Trx2表达均降低,且随低硒喂养时间延长降低更为明显,差异显著（P<0.05）;（2）与对照组相比,低硒组大鼠心脏收缩及舒张功能均降低,以收缩功能指标--左室收缩压（left ventricular systolic pressure,LVSP）和左心室内压最大上升速率（maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise,+dp/dt_max）降低更为明显（P<0.05）;免疫组化染色显示,随着喂养时间的延长,低硒组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡加重;（3）相关性分析显示,Trx2与LVSP和+dp/dt_max呈正相关,与心肌细胞凋亡指数呈负相关（P<0.01）。结论：低硒可通过影响大鼠心肌线粒体中Trx2蛋白的表达,参与心脏功能减退和心肌细胞凋亡;线粒体Trx2对心肌细胞具有保护作用。     

阿托伐他汀通过调节钠-钙交换体改善心力衰竭大鼠心脏功能

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀对心力衰竭大鼠心脏功能及心肌细胞钠-钙交换体表达的影响。方法:结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支8周,制备心肌梗死后心力衰竭模型。随机分3组,即假手术组、心力衰竭组与阿托伐他汀治疗组,分别于结扎后第2天给予安慰剂或阿托伐他汀治疗。8周后测定大鼠心脏功能及钠-钙交换体蛋白表达水平。培养原代乳鼠心肌细胞,通过缺氧模型分析阿托伐他汀对细胞内钙水平的影响。结果:阿托伐他汀治疗组较心衰组BNP水平降低,左室舒张末内径缩小,左室短轴缩短率升高。阿托伐他汀治疗明显降低心力衰竭时钠-钙交换体蛋白表达量,抑制缺氧诱导细胞内钙水平增加。结论:阿托伐他汀治疗改善心功能,可能与影响心力衰竭心肌细胞钠-钙交换体的表达及功能有关。     

基质金属蛋白酶及其组织抑制因子在左心室机械辅助减负荷模型中的表达

目的 研究基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)及其组织抑制因子(TIMP)在左心室机械辅助减负荷模型中的表达,探讨左心室减负荷后心肌逆向重构的分子机制.方法 结扎Lewis大鼠冠状动脉左前降支诱导心力衰竭,4周后将14只心力衰竭大鼠随机分为心力衰竭组(n=7)与移植组(n=7).将供体移植组心力衰竭大鼠的心脏及右肺移植到受体正常Lewis大鼠的腹部,通过供体的升主动脉与受体的降主动脉吻合.7只正常Lewis大鼠作为正常组.结扎左前降支4周后心脏超声测量3组大鼠心室直径和心肌梗死范围.移植2周后,称取各组大鼠心脏、左心室质量;显微镜观测左心室心肌细胞直径与心肌纤维化程度;采用实时荧光定量PCR检测MMP-1、MMP-9、TIMP-1的mRNA表达及计算MMP-1mRNA/TIMP-1 mRNA的比值.结果 结扎左前降支4周后,心力衰竭组及移植组舒张末直径(LVEDD)较正常组升高、左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS)较正常组下降,而此两组间LVEDD、LVFS及心肌梗死范围比较差异无统计学意义,两组的心力衰竭严重程度差异也无统计学意义.心力衰竭组心脏、左心室质量和左心室心肌细胞直径大于移植组与正常组;移植组心脏、左心室质量、左心室心肌细胞直径接近正常组.心肌纤维化的程度移植组＞心力衰竭组＞正常组[(7.90±2.32)％比(4.20±1.84)％比(1.54±0.31)％,均P＜0.05].心力衰竭组和移植组MMP-1、MMP-9mRNA表达均高于正常组(1.89±0.23、1.32±0.16比0.41±0.01,2.03±0.15、1.50±0.13比0.46+0.01,均P＜0.05),但心力衰竭组与移植组比较差异无统计学意义.心力衰竭组TIMP-1mRNA表达低于正常组与移植组(0.72±0.18比1.21±0.02、1.68±0.21,均P＜0.05);正常组与移植组比较差异无统计学意义.心力衰竭组MMP-1 mRNA/TIMP-1mRNA比值较正常组及移植组明显增高(2.03±0.15比0.30±0.01、0.81±0.11,均P＜0.05);正常组与移植组差异则无统计学意义.结论 左心室减负荷后,心肌逆向重塑的过程伴随着心肌细胞MMP及TIMP水平的改变.     

黄芪急性和慢性干预后对肥胖大鼠内皮依赖性血管舒张功能损害的影响

目的探讨通过黄芪急性与慢性干预能否缓解高脂饲料喂养肥胖大鼠所致内皮细胞功能异常。方法将SD雄性大鼠20只,分为4组。正常对照组大鼠普通饲料喂养4周;肥胖组高脂饲料喂养4周,黄芪慢性干预组高脂饲料喂养四周的同时黄芪注射液灌胃;急性干预组高脂饲料喂养4周后经颈外静脉插管输入黄芪注射液4小时。黄芪干预结束后处死动物,取出主动脉置于血管环管流装置中,通过力转换器、放大器以及电子计算机记录主动脉环的张力,观察离体主动脉环对乙酰胆碱或硝普钠的舒张反应。结果黄芪急慢性干预组内皮依赖性血管舒张功能较对照组良好。各组动物非内皮依赖性血管舒张功能无明显差别。结论高脂饲料喂养的肥胖大鼠内皮依赖性血管舒张功能受损,通过黄芪急性与慢性干预可部分缓解肥胖大鼠内皮依赖性血管舒张功能异常。     

热休克蛋白70对离体心脏心肌间质的保护作用

目的探讨热休克蛋白70（HSP70）对大鼠离体心脏心肌间质的影响。方法Wistar大鼠16只，分为2组：对照组（C，n=8），腹腔注射生理盐水0．4ml，24h后取离体心脏灌注HTK心脏保护液，4℃保存3h后建立Langendorff灌注模型，灌注KH液2h；实验组（E，n=8），腹腔注射重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素，24h后取离体心脏，方法同对照组。以心肌细胞中HSP70含量、血流动力学指标、心肌组织羟脯氨酸（HP）、内皮索（ET）含量和心肌超微结构等作为观察指标。结果HSP70含量E组与C组比较明显增高；E组心功能恢复方面优于C组（P〈0．05），HP含量优于C组（P〈0．01），ET含量低于C组（P〈0．01），心肌超微结构损伤较C组明显减轻。结论HSP 70对供心心肌间质具有保护作用。     

左卡尼汀强化St.Thomas No.2液对低温离体心脏的保存效果

背景：在心脏瓣膜置换中应用添加左卡尼汀的心脏停搏液可明显减轻心肌线粒体的脂质过氧化反应,保护心肌细胞。 目的：观察加入左卡尼汀的St.Thomas No.2液对大鼠离体心脏低温保存的效果。 方法：利用Langendorff 灌注装置建立SD大鼠离体心脏灌注和工作模型,随机分成4组,其中2组采用 St.Thomas No.2 液作为心脏停搏液与保存液分别保存心脏4 h、6 h,另2组采用添加左卡尼汀的St.Thomas No.2液作为心脏停搏液与保存液分别保存心脏4 h、6 h。 结果与结论：与St.Thomas No.2 液保存4 h组比较,添加左卡尼汀的St.Thomas No.2液保存 4 h组心脏心率、冠状动脉流量、左心室收缩峰压和左心室内最大上升速率及心肌含水量、ATP含量差别无显著性意义(P > 0.05),但心肌酶漏出量明显减少(P < 0.05);添加左卡尼汀的St.Thomas No.2液保存 6 h组上述指标检测结果均优于St.Thomas No.2保存6 h组 (P < 0.05)。提示左卡尼汀强化的St.Thomas No.2液可显著提高大鼠离体心脏的低温保存效果。     

脂联素和脂联素受体1在不同病程糖尿病大鼠心肌缺血预适应中的变化

目的:探讨脂联素(APN)和脂联素受体1(Ad-R1)在不同病程糖尿病大鼠离体心肌缺血再灌注(IR)损伤和缺血预适应(IPC)保护作用中的变化。方法:分别用链脲佐菌素和高脂饮食+链脲佐菌素制备1型糖尿病(TIDM)和2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠模型,并分别分为4周和8周2个病程组,采用Langendorff法建立离体心脏灌流模型,每组进一步分为正常对照(Con)组、IR组和IPC组3个亚组,检测冠脉流出液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及肌酸激酶(CK)活性,采用ELISA法检测血清和心肌组织APN水平,采用Western blot法检测心肌组织Ad-R1蛋白表达,测定心肌梗死面积,透射电镜观察心室乳头肌超微结构,并比较上述指标在各组中的差异。结果:与对应的IR组相比,4周时IPC组LDH和CK活性显著降低(P0.01),心肌梗死区域面积明显减少,而8周时DM组的各项检测指标无明显改变。血清APN含量在糖尿病大鼠减低,尤以T2DM降低为甚(P0.05),正常大鼠心肌组织APN含量和Ad-R1表达水平在Con、IR和IPC组之间无差异;T1DM模型大鼠心肌组织APN含量在各亚组间无变化,4周和8周心肌组织Ad-R1表达量IR组较Con组明显增加(P0.01),IPC组较对应IR组Ad-R1表达量降低(P0.01);T2DM模型大鼠心肌组织APN含量4周和8周的IR组较Con组明显减少(P0.05),IPC组较对应IR组,4周组的APN显著升高,8周组无显著差异,心肌Ad-R1表达量4周和8周的IR组较Con组明显增加(P0.05),4周的IPC组较对应IR组Ad-R1表达量降低(P0.05),8周的IPC组较对应IR组Ad-R1表达量无改变。结论:T1DM和T2DM模型大鼠4周组存在IPC保护作用,8周组IPC保护作用基本消失;心肌组织APN和Ad-R1可能参与了T2DM大鼠的IPC保护作用。     

骨髓间充质干细胞改进心衰大鼠心肌细胞的收缩性

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞治疗心肌梗死已被证明能明显改善心功能。 目的：观察骨髓间充质干细胞对心肌梗死后心力衰竭大鼠心肌细胞收缩舒张功能的影响。 方法：开胸结扎10只SD大鼠左前降支冠状动脉,制备心肌缺血模型,随机抽签法分为2组,实验组造模4周后在梗死心肌内注射荧光标记的5×10¹⁰ L^-1骨髓间充质干细胞,对照组单纯注射PBS。 结果与结论：与左前降支冠状动脉结扎前相比,造模4周后两组大鼠心功能明显下降(P < 0.01);经骨髓间充质干细胞治疗后实验组的心功能得到明显改善(P < 0.05)。实验组心肌细胞收缩幅度较对照组显著增加,收缩速度显著增快(P < 0.01)。且荧光显微镜发现有经骨髓间充质干细胞分化而来具有收缩功能的心肌细胞。提示经骨髓间充质干细胞治疗后的大鼠心肌细胞其收缩舒张功能显著增强,是骨髓间充质干细胞治疗心衰大鼠导致心功能改善的主要机制之一。     

Myocardial ultrastructure in cardiac hypertrophy induced by thyroid hormone—an acute study in rats

The early responses of the myocardium ultrastructure under thyroid dysfunction conditions, hemodynamic parameters, cardiac hypertrophy and ultrastructural evaluations were performed in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rats submitted to different doses [T4–25 and T4–100; 0.025 mg and 0.1 mg kg^–1 body weight (BW) ·per day, respectively)]. All groups were treated for 7 days. The animals were sacrificed, the hearts were excised and weighed and the left ventricle tissue samples were processed for transmission election microscopy. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was not altered by administration of T4. An increased heart rate and ratio of heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) were found in the hyperthyroid rats. However, the SBP and HW/BW decreased significantly in hypothyroid rats. No significant ultrastructural alterations were detected when the hypothyroid and T4–25 groups were compared with the control group. Alterations of cardiomyocytes nuclei of these groups were also not detected. Notably, disorganization of intercellular junctions was observed in many cardiomyocytes of T4–100 group. The present results indicate that in the early stages of hyperthyroidism, the cardiac hypertrophy development was mainly due to direct effects of thyroid hormone. Despite cardiac hypertrophy development, there is no ultrastructural evidence of myocardial degeneration.     

2型糖尿病大鼠心功能变化及RAGE表达增强和钙调控异常

目的:通过自发性2型糖尿病大鼠观察糖尿病状态下大鼠的心脏结构和功能变化,同时探讨糖尿病心肌病的发病机制。方法:用Zucker糖尿病肥胖(Zucker diabetic fatty,ZDF)大鼠建立糖尿病模型,Zucker lean(ZL)大鼠为对照组。利用超声多普勒法检测ZDF大鼠心脏结构和功能的改变;麦胚凝集素染色计算单个心脏细胞面积;Western blot检测心肌细胞肥大标志物β-肌球蛋白重链(β-myosin heavy chain,β-MHC)和心房钠尿肽(atrial natriuretic peptide,ANP),以及晚期糖基化终产物受体(receptor for advanced glycation end products,RAGE)、L型钙通道蛋白α1C亚基(L-type calcium channelα1C subunit,CaV1.2)和钙库操纵性钙通道相关功能蛋白Orai1的表达水平。结果:与ZL大鼠相比,ZDF大鼠的血糖和体重明显增加,左心室壁增厚,心脏舒张功能明显减弱,收缩功能轻度增强;ZDF大鼠左室心肌细胞表面积明显增大,心肌细胞肥大相关蛋白β-MHC和ANP的表达水平也明显增加;ZDF大鼠心肌组织中的RAGE和Orai1蛋白表达增高,CaV1.2蛋白表达下降(P0.05)。结论:2型糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞肥大,心室肥厚,心功能代偿性增强,其机制可能与RAGE表达增强和钙调控异常有关。     

Heterotopic transplantation of the failing rat heart as a model of left ventricular mechanical unloading toward recovery

The left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is usually used in patients with end-stage heart failure as a bridge to transplantation. Recently, some studies have reported functional recovery with the use of an LVAD, although the mechanisms responsible for recovery are not fully understood. We investigated the functional recovery of the infarcted, failing rat heart in response to mechanical unloading after heterotopic transplantation. Heart failure was induced in Lewis rats by ligating the left anterior descending artery. After 4 weeks, the infarcted hearts were harvested and heterotopically transplanted. The transplanted infarcted heart was removed after 2 weeks of unloading and examined for hypertrophy and fibrosis, as well as for mRNA levels encoding for brain natriuretic peptide, sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase2a (SERCA2a), and beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors. Normal and infarcted rats without transplantation served as control animals. The infarcted heart was hypertrophied as evidenced by an increase in heart weight and myocyte diameter. After unloading the infarcted heart for 2 weeks, there was a decrease in heart weight and myocyte diameter. However, the percentage of myocardial fibrosis increased after unloading. The mRNA expression of brain natriuretic peptide and the beta2-adrenergic receptor significantly improved after mechanical unloading. The levels of SERCA2a mRNA tended to increase after unloading. In conclusion, unloading the failing, infarcted heart can help normalize left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac gene expression. This unloading model appears to partially mimic the conditions of hemodynamic support with an LVAD in heart failure patients and potentially offers insights into the mechanisms of functional recovery.     

PARP-2在大鼠心肌肥大中的作用

目的:在细胞和整体水平研究多聚腺苷酸二磷酸核糖基聚合酶2(PARP-2)在心肌肥大过程中表达的变化规律以及PARP-2对心肌肥大的调控作用。方法:健康雄性SD大鼠采用腹主动脉缩窄法(AAC)建立心肌肥大动物模型,采用real-time PCR和Western blot检测PARP-2的mRNA和蛋白表达变化;使用PARP-2特异性的siRNA干扰序列来处理细胞后,通过检测心肌细胞表面积及ANF、BNP和β-MHC的mRNA表达变化来作为评判心肌细胞肥大状况。结果:AAC大鼠心脏组织中PARP-2的蛋白和mRNA表达均显著上调;在AngⅡ诱导的心肌细胞肥大模型中,AngⅡ能时间和剂量依赖性地上调PARP-2的mRNA和蛋白表达;用siRNA干扰序列沉默PARP-2能够逆转AngⅡ所诱导心肌细胞的肥大。结论:在AngⅡ诱导的心肌细胞肥大的体外模型和腹主动脉缩窄诱导的心肌肥大动物的体内模型中,PARP-2的mRNA和蛋白水平均显著上调;特异性沉默PARP-2能够抑制AngⅡ诱导的心肌细胞肥大。     

Effect of relaxation training on cardiac parasympathetic tone

To examine the hypothesis that the relaxation response is associated with an increase in cardiac parasympathetic tone, the frequency components of heart rate variability during relaxation training were investigated in 16 college students. Electrocardiograms and pneumograms were recorded during a 5-min baseline period followed by three successive 5-min sessions of the autogenic training (relaxation) or by the same periods of quiet rest (control), while subjects breathed synchronously with a visual pacemaker (0.25 Hz). Although neither the magnitude nor the frequeney of respiration showed a significant difference between relaxation and control, the amplitude of the high-frequency component of heart rate variability increased only during relaxation (p= .008). There was no significant difference in the ratio of the low-frequency (0.04–0.15 Hz) to the high-frequency amplitudes. The increased high-frequency amplitude without changes in the respiratory parameters indicates enhanced cardiac parasympathetic tone. Thus, our results support the initial hypothesis of this study. Enhanced cardiac parasympathetic tone may explain an important mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of the relaxation response.     

Cardiac remodeling after long-term stimulation by antibodies against the alpha1-adrenergic receptor in rats

Although autoantibodies against the alpha1-adrenergic receptor which had been found in hypertensive patients had agonist-like activity as phenylephrine, the effects of these antibodies on cardiac remodeling have not been known. In this paper, the models with agonist-like activity of antibodies to alpha1-adrenergic receptor were made by immunized Wistar rats using synthesized peptides of alpha1A-adrenergic receptor and raised for 1 year, and the excited antibodies against the alpha1-adrenergic receptor which could elevate the free Ca2+ in isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes had been existed throughout the experiments after immunization. In immunized rats, despite that systolic blood pressure (SBP) had no difference with normal control, the hypertrophy of heart and cardiomyocytes was observed, the collagen deposition in heart interstitium increased, and c-jun expression and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 mRNA expression and activity in heart had increased. The results suggested that antibodies against the alpha1-adrenergic receptor could induce cardiac remodeling and maybe play a particular role in hypertension.     

卡维地洛抑制大鼠起搏心肌细胞钙库超载诱导的钙释放*

 目的：探讨非选择性β受体阻滞剂卡维地洛对起搏心肌细胞钙库超载诱导钙释放（SOICR）的作用及其机制。方法：电刺激起搏大鼠单个心肌细胞并灌注异丙肾上腺素及咖啡因诱导钙库钙超载,从而触发肌浆网钙释放通道（兰尼碱受体2,RyR2）舒张期开放引起SOICR。应用钙离子荧光成像技术记录胞内钙浓度的实时变化。实验分为对照组、卡维地洛组、美托洛尔组、酚妥拉明组和硝苯地平组。结果：(1) 与基线刺激时比较,对照组细胞灌注异丙肾上腺素和咖啡因后,起搏细胞钙瞬变振幅显著增高（P<0.01）,SOICR的发生率显著增加（P<0.01）。(2) 在1~4 Hz起搏频率下卡维地洛组细胞SOICR发生率分别为2.00%、6.00%、10.00%和16.00%,均显著低于对照组（分别为43.59%、74.36%、87.18%和89.74%,均P<0.01）;卡维地洛对心肌细胞SOICR的抑制在不同起搏频率下无明显差异（P>0.05）。酚妥拉明、美托洛尔和硝苯地平组细胞与对照组细胞比较,SOICR发生率无差异（均P>0.05）。(3) 起搏细胞钙瞬变振幅的比较,各组间相比未见明显差异（P>0.05）;咖啡因峰值估测钙库钙总量的比较,各组间也无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论：卡维地洛可明显抑制起搏心肌细胞SOICR的发生,其作用机制可能是直接抑制RyR2的自发性开放而非源于对α1、β1受体和L型钙通道的阻滞作用。