澳洲未来十年包装趋势

探索未来的趋势是一个企业在业务上取得能否成功的一个重要因素。下列十大趋势，在未来十年中将对澳大利亚包装工业产生很大的影响。1．信息传递电子化信息传递电子化将使整个包装业务──—从材料供应、容器制造、包装用户、零售商和消费者之间联成一体。信息传递电子化不但迅     

网络化制造系统中产品信息集成平台的研究

为了使网络制造中各企业间的协作更有效,需要建立有效的信息集成与共享环境以及协同作业运行机制,即建立一个基于Web的产品信息集成平台(PIIE),为各企业的产品信息集成与共享及产品的协同开发提供一个环境.本文探讨了PIIE系统的体系架构,分析了产品开发的协同作业机理,并就建立PIIE系统涉及的关键技术进行了阐述.     

模具制造呼叫中心建立的初步探讨

首先分析了在模具制造企业建立模具制造呼叫中心的必要性，然后以具体的呼叫中心建立过程为例，讨论了建立基于Web的模具制造呼叫中心所应使用的系统平台及开发工具，最后给出了模具制造呼叫中心的一个具体实例。     

基于Web的工艺知识资源服务与管理系统

在分析了当今制造企业对工艺知识资源服务与管理的迫切需求的基础上，提出了基于Web的工艺知识资源服务与管理系统，该系统面向企业内部网（Intranet），包括前台工艺知识资源服务系统和后台工艺知识资源管理系统两部分，前台系统为制造企业内部人员提供知识检索服务，后台系统作为工艺知识管理工具和前台的动态维护工具，文中介绍了系统的结构和功能以及关键实现技术。     

企业局域网的建设及应用

本文从实际情况出发,指出企业局域网的具体设计目标和设计原则。从系统网络通信平台的构造和信息管理资源服务器平台的构造两方面闸述了企业局域网硬件平台、软件平台构造方法和采用的技术,即在企业局域网组网方法上采用交换式高速以太网方案来构造局域网。信息管理资源服务器平台采用Web服务器和Web方式的信息组织及编程语言;强调了局域网采用防火墙、操作系统、数据库采用安全控制措施等办法解决安全问题;并从计算机信息管理系统,计算机辅助设计／制造系统两个方面说明了如何开发应用系统以及建网过程中的经验和体会。     

面向离散制造业的制造执行系统研究

针对离散制造企业制造过程管理的特点及对车间信息化的需求,提出了一种面向离散制造业的制造执行系统体系结构,并对体系结构的构成及系统的功能模块进行了分析．在此基础上,对基于Web服务的系统构建技术进行了研究,基于J2EE架构进行了系统开发和应用．     

基于Web Service 的模具制造异地优化调度

简要介绍了Web Service的有关理论,对模具制造遗传优化调度的Web Service体系结构进行了描述,在此基础上,给出了基于Web Service的模具制造遗传优化调度系统各部分的设计和说明,并通过实例验证了模具制造调度系统的可行性.     

异地协同设计制造关键技术及系统实现

 在分析制造业面临的新挑战以及网络化制造特点的基础上，提出了基于Web的异地协同设计制造系统的体系结构并开发了一个实际系统eCWS(e—cooperative work system )．详细介绍了该系统的功能和关键技术的实现，包括协同系统管理、协同工作管理、协同应用、约束管理和冲突消解、协同工具、安全控制、分布式产品数据管理等技术． 最后介绍了应用实例．     

制冷空调用压力容器电子化档案管理观摩交流活动受行业关注

正3月13日,由中国制冷空调工业协会牵头,并在约克(无锡)空调冷冻设备有限公司(以下简称约克公司)的支持和配合下下开展的"制冷空调用压力容器电子化档案管理观摩交流"活动,受到业内关注,来自20多家企业的代表参与其中。活动中,与会代表听取了约克公司压力容器相关档案电子化存档管理的介绍,对其压力容器制造车间进行了观摩,并展开交流。在制冷空调行业中,有大量的产品及其相关零部件属于固定式压力容器,压力容器再生产、制造和使用过程中有数量繁多的档案需要按照国家监管规定进行存档管理,然而此部分存档文件数量巨大,占用了企业大量的宝贵存储资源,因     

基于物流的供应链系统的敏捷化集成

回顾了制造系统集成所经历的不同发展阶段．论述了对制造系统进行过程集成的必要性。探讨了物流活动与制造资源或制造企业、物流活动之间的不同逻辑组合以及物流活动状态变化等关系，提出了分布异构环境下，供应链系统不同参与企业之间基于系统已有的资源实现物流集成的流程定义、工作流机及服务端等结构模型，以及进行物流或制造资源集成的集中与分布的运行控制与协作方式。并基于供应链系统中的物流信息，提出了供应商、制造商与分销商等之间在运行过程中的信息交互、协作与运行监控的机制。     

Using swarm intelligence algorithm to solve a part clustering model based on weighted directed graph

Mass customisation is an effective mechanism to satisfy the new requirements of changing markets. E-manufacturing can be seen as a good choice to implement mass customisation. As a support technology for mass customisation, part clustering of the product family is very important in the optimal formation of manufacturing cells or systems and it could be more efficient in e-manufacturing mode than in traditional manufacturing mode. This paper is mainly concerned with the part clustering problems for the manufacturing of mass customisation. A mathematical model of part clustering of a product family based on weighted directed graph is put forward. According to the criterion of minimising the manufacturing cost, two hierarchic sub-models and a relevant methodology are presented. As the bottleneck problem of the methodology, process combination is realised by combining the incidence matrixes of the abovementioned weighted directed graph model. Subsequently a swarm intelligence algorithmic model is designed and a software prototype system is developed with java technology. Finally a clustering case is put forward and studied, which illustrates that the models described in this paper can be used to solve the parts clustering problem in e-manufacturing system for mass customisation effectively.     

Extending the product portfolio with ‘devolved manufacturing’: methodology and case studies

Current research by the developers of rapid prototyping systems is generally focused on improvements in cost, speed and materials to create truly economic and practical economic rapid manufacturing (RM) machines. In addition to being potentially smarter/faster/cheaper replacements for existing manufacturing technologies, the next generation of these machines will provide opportunities not only for the design and fabrication of products without traditional constraints but also for organizing manufacturing activities in new, innovative and previously undreamt of ways. This paper outlines a novel devolved manufacturing (DM) ‘factory-less’ approach to e-manufacturing, which integrates mass customization (MC) concepts, RM technologies and the communication opportunities of the Internet/World Wide Web, describes two case studies of different DM implementations and discusses the limitations and appropriateness of each, and, finally, draws some conclusions about the technical, manufacturing and business challenges involved.     

Heuristic and integrated approach for technical document authority and authentication sequence determination

Currently, the information and Internet technologies are widely used in modern organizations. Under the trend toward e-manufacturing, most technical knowledge, documents and information are transformed from paper-based into electronic formats. In order to improve the efficiency of document security and authentication process management, this paper proposes a heuristic two-phase model for authority and authentication sequence determination for technical documents. In Phase 1 (i.e. authority determination), the keyword extraction and document categorization rules are incorporated into the authority reasoning algorithm to emphasize the importance of technical document contents. In Phase 2, according to the authority reasoning result, six content- and reviewer-oriented indices are proposed for authentication sequence determination. Based on the reasoning models, an integrated prototype system is developed and a demonstration case is also provided to validate the effectiveness of the methodologies. The model and technique explored in this research can be used as the kernel for technical document management and exchange under the computer-integrated manufacturing environment.     

Prioritising the types of manufacturing flexibility in an uncertain environment

Researchers have stressed that manufacturing system flexibility research requires a quantitative model allowing a manufacturing system to prioritize its flexibility dimension and promote the performance of the manufacturing system. A quantification model presented in the present research is demonstrated to assess the degree of environmental uncertainty and illustrates a method for delivering the requirement of flexibility improvement for the manufacturing system so that the company is able to prioritize the types of manufacturing flexibility which a manufacturing system requires in an uncertain environment. Quantitative approaches including quality function deployment (QFD), analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and grey relational analysis (GRA) have been employed to find a means for improving the flexibility of a manufacturing system to cope with environmental uncertainty. QFD is the focal approach for the deployment of the integrated structure of the research. AHP is applied to explore the relative weighted importance of environmental uncertainty factors, while GRA is used to find out the relationships between manufacturing flexibility and environmental uncertainty. A combination of these approaches reveals a useful tool for managers to prioritize the types of flexibility which a manufacturing system requires for coping with an uncertain environment. In particular, the present research studied the manufacturing flexibility requirements of a food company in Taiwan.     

r-FrMS: a relation-driven fractal organisation for distributed manufacturing systems

Up-to-date market dynamics and decentralisation have brought about the need of flexible and robust organisational structures for manufacturing resources. To meet the need of such an environment, the manufacturing system should be equipped with an open, reconfigurable and scalable organisational structure. This paper proposes a novel organisational model, referred to as a relation-driven fractal organisation, to meet the requirements. The proposed model applies the concept of a fractal to its organisational structure and adopts a relational pattern between composing entities as a basic building block for organising. In this paper, the existing fractal-like systems involved in manufacturing systems are investigated, and the fractal organisation is derived as their super-ordinate concept. Then, r-FrMS, a relation-driven fractal organisation applied into distributed manufacturing systems, is proposed along with its organising mechanism which adopts employment relations between manufacturing resources as its organising principle.     

A systems approach to photolithography process optimization in an electronics manufacturing environment

There are many complex problems in the optimization of an electronics manufacturing environment, and it is the view of the authors that these problems should not be solved and optimized in isolation, but analysed in the framework of a system. A systems approach offers an overall approach for solving problems, and optimizing the whole of the system as well as discrete subsystems. The research introduced in this paper integrates several techniques, namely: Integrated computer aided manufacturing DEFinition (IDEF), and experimental design and response surface methods for the analysis, control and optimization of electronic manufacturing processes. Electronics manufacturing includes three major processes; Printed Circuit Board (PCB) manufacturing, semiconductor device manufacturing and electronics assembly. This paper describes a novel generic systematic methodology that has been used to create a model to optimize the photolithography process in PCB manufacture. For this, photolithography has been considered as a whole system made up of several sub-systems. This is shown in the process map for PCBs that focuses on photolithography and its subprocesses. A model of the manufacturing process is then given with the results of this being validated using an industrial study. Optimized settings for processing equipment are given resulting in an increase in process yield within industry.     

Multi-objective sustainable process plan generation in a reconfigurable manufacturing environment: exact and adapted evolutionary approaches

Achieving competitiveness in nowadays manufacturing market goes through being cost and time-efficient as well as environmentally harmless. Reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) is a paradigm that is able to meet these challenges due to its scalability and integrability. In this paper, we aim to solve the multi-objective sustainable process plan generation problem in a reconfigurable environment. In addition to the total production cost and the completion time, we use the amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted during the manufacturing process as a sustainability criterion. We propose an iterative multi-objective integer linear programming (I-MOILP) approach and its comparison with adapted versions of the two well-known evolutionary algorithms, respectively, the Archived Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing (AMOSA) and the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). Moreover, we study the influence of the probabilities of genetic operators on the convergence of the adapted NSGA-II. To illustrate the applicability of the three approaches, an example is presented and obtained numerical results analysed.     

Impact of the alignment between the strategic and operational levels of a manufacturing enterprise

In today's economic environment, manufacturing organisations compete against each other as part of supply chains (SC). As both the SC strategic level and production floor operational level are interdependent, a misalignment between them has a deep impact on the performance of the manufacturing organisation. For this reason, in this paper we develop an analytical expression of the impact such misalignment has on the manufacturing organisation performance, specifically, its demand fulfillment ability. The usefulness of the analytical expression is illustrated via the development, for the case of a local furniture company, of a system dynamics (SD) simulation model. The SD simulation model is tested under different operational conditions, so the case study company can derive conclusions regarding actions to improve its demand fulfillment ability.     

统计过程控制在先进制造环境中的内涵和作用

通过对先进制造环境、先进制造技术及统计过程控制的内涵诠释,指出先进制造环境不仅要求技术上,而更应在理念上具有先进性;基于先进制造环境下的质量理念,使统计过程控制成为先进制造技术中的重要组成部分;统计过程控制的实现形式将是系统的计算机化、网络化及集成化等,而统计过程控制系统为在先进制造环境中新质量理念的实现,提供了有力的物质保障与支持。     

Using genetic algorithms (GA) and a coloured timed Petri net (CTPN) for modelling the optimization-based schedule generator of a generic production scheduling system

The semiconductor manufacturing industry is one of the most complicated manufacturing systems in the world. Considering its complex problem nature, such as the unrelated parallel machine environment, dynamic job arrival, non-pre-emption, inseparable sequence-dependent set-up time, multiple-resource requirements, general precedence constraint, and job recirculation, this study proposed the optimization-based schedule generator (OptSG) for solving the generalized scheduling problems arising from the semiconductor manufacturing environment. The separation of the problem structure and problem configuration in OptSG contributes to the structural independence, making OptSG robust and convenient in analysis and problem-solving in real settings with changing properties. Meanwhile, an MILP model was proposed as a benchmark to estimate the validity of OptSG. Inseparable sequence-dependent set-up time and multiple-resource requirements that have not been addressed simultaneously in the literature were considered in this model. By using different evaluation criteria, including makespan, total completion time and maximum tardiness, experiments were conducted to compare the solutions of the MILP model, OptSG and dispatching rule-based heuristics (DRBH). The results validated the solution quality of OptSG.