重油直接裂解制乙烯的 LCM-5催化剂研究

研制了用于包括渣油在内的重质油直接催化裂解制取乙烯,兼产丙烯和轻质芳烃的催化剂ＬＣＭ－５。实验室研究和中试放大试验结果表明,该催化剂选择性好,抗碱氮中毒和抗重金属污染能力强,水热稳定性和抗热冲击性能优良。用于石蜡基常压渣油的裂解,在优化的工艺条件下,单程裂解乙烯质量产率超过２５％,Ｃ２￣Ｃ４烯烃总质量产率５０％左右。     

重油催化裂解C4烃的二次裂解性能研究

针对重油催化裂解的C4利用小型固定流化床试验装置,考察了其在CEP-1催化剂上的二次裂解性能,详细分析了产物分布随反应温度的变化规律。结果表明,C4烃仍然具有较好的催化裂解性能,乙烯产率随反应温度的升高逐渐增加,而丙烯产率在660℃附近出现最大值,乙烯与丙烯总质量产率在660℃接近36％。推导建立了烃类催化裂解消失动力学模型,求取了C4烃催化裂解的消失反应速率常数、频率因子和活化能。     

LG石化公司开发石脑油催化裂解新工艺

ＬＧ石化公司 (Ｓｅｏｕｌ)开发了石脑油催化裂解新工艺 ,与传统的蒸气裂解工艺相比 ,该工艺可大大提高烯烃产率。采用该技术可提高乙烯产率 2 0 % ,提高丙烯产率 1 0 %。现有裂解装置稍加改进就可使用这一工艺。该工艺使用含特定金属氧化物的专用催化剂 ,工艺过程在比标准的反应温度低 5 0～ 1 0 0℃下操作 ,因此与常规蒸气裂解相比 ,耗能大大减少 ,裂解炉管内结焦速率也将下降 ,可延长连续运行时间和炉管寿命 ,同时 ,ＣＯ2 排放也较少。ＬＧ公司正在韩国丽川一套 30万美元的中型装置上进行试验。该公司在丽川的乙烯生产能力为75万ｔ ａ ,…     

醚后碳四在ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上的芳构化反应性能

在小型固定床试验装置考察了ZSM-5分子筛催化剂对醚后碳四芳构化反应的催化性能,并进行了催化剂长周期活性稳定性评价。结果表明：在反应温度为380 ℃、反应压力为2.0 MPa、氢油比体积比为300、质量空速为2.0 h-1的条件下,催化剂的长周期运行活性稳定,烯烃转化率大于99%,干气产率小于2%,液化气产率为57%～64%,C5+液体收率为35%～41%,芳烃产率为10%～12%。经过 984 h长周期运行后,芳构化催化剂的积炭量为11.56%。气相产物是优质的裂解制乙烯原料。     

缓和加氢裂化加工劣质重馏分油的研究

本文简要叙述了劣质重馏分油缓和加氢裂化催化剂及工艺研究情况.试验结果说明,所研制的催化剂具有良好的缓和加氢裂化性能.以胜利、大港、孤岛重馏分油(减压瓦斯油)为原料进行缓和加氢裂化所得尾油具有良好的催化裂化和蒸汽裂解性能,可大幅度提高催化裂化转化率,降低焦炭产率;大幅度提高蒸汽裂解的乙烯产率,降低裂解的焦油产率.     

催化热裂解制聚乙烯和丙烯的工艺研究

为扩大乙烯原料来源,石油化工科学研究院开发了以重油为原料采用专用催化剂生产乙和丙烯的催化热裂解新工艺,在中型装置上考察该工艺专用催化剂的流化,输送性能和水热稳定性,反应温度,注水量,反应压力,剂油比等操作参数对乙烯,丙烯等产率影响的中试结果,表明：以大庆掺减压渣油为原料,在反应温度640度,反应压力0．07MP,注水量54．3％的条件下,乙烯产率为22．82％,丙烯产率为15．96％,该工艺原料来源广泛,价格低,反应温度较低,催化剂的流化性能和水热稳定性好,为扩大我国乙烯原料来源提供了新的途径。     

甲基叔丁基醚裂解制丙烯反应的研究

以高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛为主要原料,经过成型和表面修饰过程制备催化剂,用于甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)催化裂解反应。采用XRD、氮吸脱附和NH_3-TPD等表征方法研究了ZSM-5分子筛和催化剂的物理化学特征。实验结果表明,在催化剂的作用下,温度高于400℃时,MTBE直接裂解反应产物包括乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、C_1～C_4烷烃、C_5以上烃类和水。MTBE催化裂解反应中,丙烯和乙烯的产率随着反应温度的升高而增加。酸性中心是MTBE催化裂解反应的活性位,但是催化剂表面酸中心数量过多或酸性过强均可导致丙烯和乙烯收率降低。在500℃、0.05 MPa、质量空速16h~(-1)的条件下,MTBE可以完全转化,丙烯产率可达20.3%,乙烯产率可达5.3%。     

碳四烃芳构化烷基化生产高辛烷值汽油组分联产蒸汽裂解料技术

研究纳米沸石分子筛SHY-DL催化剂上的芳构化反应性能,探索临氢条件、二烯烃含量、反应温度及空速等条件对芳构化反应的影响。在固定床反应器上以炼油厂碳四烃为原料,在反应温度360～450℃、压力2.0MPa、碳四烃液相进料体积空速0.9～1.2h-1的操作条件下,碳四烯烃转化率达99%,干气产率小于2.0%,C5+液相收率为43%～50%,液相产物的RON和MON值为98.8和87.9。在实验室蒸汽热裂解评价装置上,研究碳四烃芳构化副产LPG裂解制乙烯的性能。结果表明,在裂解温度910℃、水油质量比0.45的条件下,LPG裂解的乙烯收率为30.98%,丙烯收率为15.95%,属较好的裂解制乙烯原料。     

Ca基固体碱制备及其重油裂解气化性能

采用固相合成法制备Ca基固体碱催化剂,并利用N2吸附技术、XRD、FT IR及Hammett指示剂法对催化剂进行表征。采用双管反应器进行常压渣油催化裂解和气化再生实验,考察了反应温度、水/油质量比、剂/油质量比等对裂解产物中烯烃分布的影响,并考察了不同积炭量对待生剂气化性能的影响。结果表明,铝酸钙催化剂具有较强的碱强度和总碱量、较小的比表面积和孔容积。在反应温度750℃、水/油质量比10、剂/油质量比70时,催化裂解性能最优,乙烯质量产率达到214%,总烯烃质量产率为296%。积炭量对待生剂气化性能影响不明显。再生剂的总碱量略有减小,合成气以H2和CO2为主且含量达到89%（体积分数）。将催化裂解和气化再生整合,实现了热量耦合,达到综合利用重油的目标。     

催化裂化汽油裂解制备低碳烯烃

在小型提升管催化裂化实验装置上研究了催化裂化(FCC)汽油催化裂解生产低碳烯烃的反应规律。实验结果表明,催化剂类型、反应温度、停留时间及水蒸气用量对乙烯、丙烯的产率均有显著的影响。高温、大剂油比、长停留时间及提高水蒸气用量都可促进汽油的裂解,增加低碳烯烃的产率。在实验室条件下,以ZC-7300为催化剂,多产低碳烯烃的最佳条件:反应温度580℃,停留时间1.6s左右,剂油质量比为11,水蒸气与汽油的质量比为0.20。对不同催化剂进行了对比实验得知,自制催化剂A的催化效果最好,汽油转化率达到40%以上,乙烯+丙烯的产率达到20%以上,焦炭和干气(不含乙烯)的产率不大于5%。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.