左侧肋间后动脉用于冠状动脉搭桥术的应用解剖

目的：为左侧肋间后动脉冠状动脉搭桥术提供解剖学基础。方法：在３０具成人尸体标本上,对左侧肋间后动脉及心脏冠状动脉的后降支和左缘支进行了观察。结果：左侧第８、９、１０肋间动脉到后降支（房窒交点下方１ｃｍ处＿平均外径分别为２．５、２．６、２．８ｍｍ,与冠状动脉后降支此点处外径（２．５ｍｍ）较为接近;到左缘支点处的平均外径为２．７、２．８、２．６ｍｍ,与左缘地此点处外径（２．１ｍｍ）较为接近;到后降支中     

Middle mesenteric artery: an anomalous origin of a middle colic artery

Summary A case of anomalous mesenteric artery is reported. The artery was incidentally cannulated during angiography of a patient with a left renal tumor. It arose from the abdominal aorta between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. The artery then ascended directly upwards from its origin and supplied the transverse colon replacing the middle colic branch of the superior mesenteric artery. The anomaly must be a result of a anomalous concentration of unpaired visceral arteries in the developing embryo. This type of anomaly is very rare and it would be appropriate to name the artery the middle mesenteric artery.

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Artère mésentérique moyenne : une anomalie d'origine de l'artère colique moyenne

Résumé Un cas d'anomalie de l'artère mésentérique est rapporté. L'artère a été cathétérisée incidentallement lors de l'angiographie d'une patient présentant une tumeur rénale gauche. Elle naissait de l'aorte abdominale entre l'artère mésentérique supérieure et l'artère mésentérique inférieure. Elle montait directement à partir de son origine pour se distribuer au colon transverse et remplacer la branche colique moyenne normalement issue de l'artère mésentérique supérieure. Cette anomalie est sûrement le résultat d'une concentration anormale des artères viscérales impaires et médianes existant pendant la période embryonnaire. Ce type d'anomalie est très rare et justifierait le nom d'artère mésentérique moyenne.

     

不阻断肾动脉左肾静脉移位术治疗胡桃夹综合征的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨不阻断肾动脉左肾静脉移位术治疗胡桃夹综合征的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析山东省立第三医院泌尿外科1999年1月—2017年1月收治的10例胡桃夹综合征患者的临床资料(手术组),男8例、女2例,年龄22~53(39.9±10.5)岁,均行不阻断肾动脉左肾静脉移位术;观察手术时间、术中出血量、肾静脉阻断时间、术后引流量、拔管时间、血尿消失时间;比较手术组患者手术前后站立位和平卧位时的左肾静脉狭窄段与扩张段血管管径及血流速度。随机选取2016年7月健康管理中心体检已排除肾脏疾病的10名健康成人(对照组),男5例、女5例,年龄21~45(37.0±5.8)岁;比较手术组术后与对照组的左肾静脉血管管径、血流速度。结果 手术组10例患者手术时间(171.0±10.8)min,术中出血量(138.0±42.1)mL,肾静脉阻断时间(9.5±1.3)min,术后引流(130.0±24.5)mL,拔管时间(3.3±0.8)d,肉眼血尿消失时间为(4.2±1.2)d,镜下血尿消失时间为(7.3±1.1)d。术后随访2~6个月,平均3个月。患者术后均无血尿、蛋白尿,左肾静脉狭窄段内径较术前增加、血流速度较术前下降。比较不同体位下左肾静脉狭窄段与扩张段内径及血流速度,手术组患者术前差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01),术后末次随访差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05);手术组患者术后站立位左肾静脉狭窄段内径及血流速度与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。结论 不阻断肾动脉的左肾静脉移位术治疗胡桃夹综合征疗效较好。     

Multiple variations of the hepatobiliary vasculature including double cystic arteries, accessory left hepatic artery and hepatosplenic trunk: a case report

Anatomical variations in the origins and branching patterns of the hepatobiliary arterial system may be encountered during both conventional surgical and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We report a rare case of double cystic arteries arising from both the right hepatic artery and the proximal part of the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. Additional variations consisting of an accessory left hepatic artery arising from a left gastric which in turn arose from the descending aorta superior to the origin of the celiac trunk and a small left hepatic artery arising from the hepatic proper artery were also noted. The celiac trunk bifurcated into the splenic artery and the common hepatic artery forming a hepatosplenic or lienohepatic trunk. The possible clinical implications are discussed.     

肺动脉切除重建术的应用解剖学

目的:为肺动脉切除与重建提供解剖学基础。方法:选择肺内结节性病灶,直径<3.0cm的周围型肺癌或良性球灶,接受肺叶切除手术的病人,对其肺动脉心包外段的长度、外径、分支及奇静脉各段的长度、外径进行观测。结果:左、右肺动脉出心包返折处至下叶背支动脉起点处的长度分别约为45.7mm、42.8mm;动脉起点处的外径:左侧分别为20.6mm、12.6mm,右侧分别为21.5mm、14.7mm。奇静脉可利用的第1段(奇静脉弓)和第2段的长度分别为44.8mm、46.8mm,第1段两端的外径分别为12.7mm、12.3mm。结论:肿瘤侵犯肺动脉主干及其分支根部,动脉切除后可采用侧壁扩大及袖式吻合重建术。肺动脉侧壁切除缺损较大时,右侧可首选自体奇静脉片;左侧首选心包片进行重建。     

Rare case of right accessory renal artery originating as a common trunk with the inferior mesenteric artery: a case report

Dissection of a male cadaver revealed several vascular abnormalities in the abdominal cavity, notably of the renal circulation. In particular, three renal arteries were observed on the right side and two on the left. On the right side, one accessory renal artery originated as a common trunk with the inferior mesenteric artery. Additional variations included a left inferior phrenic artery originating from the celiac trunk, bilateral testicular veins emptying into renal veins, and the left testicular artery arising from the left renal artery. The possible embryonic development of these branching patterns and their clinical significance are discussed briefly.     

Catheter ablation of a left free-wall accessory pathway via the radial artery approach

Catheter ablation of the left free-wall accessory pathways (APs) is normally performed by the retrograde transaortic approach via a femoral artery or the transseptal approach. Here we report a case of an overt left free-wall AP, which was successfully ablated with a retrograde transaortic approach via the radial artery without any vascular complications. The patient has remained free of any symptoms or pre-excitation observed on the ECG during a 10-month post- ablation follow-up.     

Common hepatic artery arising from the left gastric artery: a rare anatomic variation identified on a cadaveric liver donor

Anatomical variations of the arterial supply of the liver are not uncommon. The typical normal “textbook” anatomy of the hepatic artery is found only in approximately half of the cases. Some of the variations such as the presence of a right or left hepatic branch are more common, but other ones are extremely rare. We describe here a rare case in which the common hepatic artery arose from the left gastric artery, found during a cadaveric liver donor harvesting and confirmed with imaging studies. Cases like this one highlight the importance of knowing the hepatic arterial anatomy and the possibility of its numerous variations by the transplant and hepatobiliary surgeon.     

Multidetector computed tomography for preoperative evaluation of vascular anatomy in living renal donors

Background  Currently, multidetector computed tomographic (MDCT) angiography has become a noninvasive alternative imaging modality to catheter renal angiography for the evaluation of renal vascular anatomy in living renal donors. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic accuracy of 16-slice MDCT in the preoperative assessment of living renal donors. Methods  Fifty-nine consecutive living renal donors (32 men, 27 women) underwent MDCT angiography followed by open donor nephrectomy. All MDCT studies were performed by using a 16-slice MDCT scanner with the same protocol consisting of arterial and nephrographic phases followed by conventional abdominal radiography. The MDCT images were assessed retrospectively for the number and branching pattern of the renal arteries and for the number and presence of major or minor variants of the renal veins. The results were compared with open surgical results. Results  The sensitivity and specificity of MDCT for the detection of anatomic variants of renal arteries including the accessory arteries (n = 9), early arterial branching (n = 7) and major renal venous anomalies including the accessory renal veins (n = 3), late venous confluence (n = 4), circumaortic (n = 2) or retroaortic (n = 3) left renal veins were 100%. However, the sensitivity for identification of minor venous variants was 79%. All of three ureteral duplications were correctly identified at excretory phase conventional abdominal radiography. Conclusion  Sixteen-slice MDCT is highly accurate for the identification of anatomic variants of renal arteries and veins. Dual-phase MDCT angiography including arterial and nephrographic phases followed by conventional abdominal radiography enables complete assessment of renal donors without significant increase of radiation dose. However, the evaluation of minor venous variants may be problematic because of their small diameters and poor opacification.     

Anatomical variations of the renal artery: a computerized tomographic angiogram study in living kidney donors at a Nigerian Kidney Transplant Center

BackgroundUnderstanding of the renal vascular anatomy is key to a safe and successful donor nephrectomy, which ultimately impacts on the renal graft function and survival in kidney transplant recipients.ObjectiveTo report the various anatomical configurations of the renal artery identified in living kidney donors in a Nigerian kidney transplant institution.Materials and MethodsThe computerized tomography angiograms of 100 consecutive living kidney donors were prospectively reviewed over an 18-month period. Anatomical variations of the renal arteries including accessory arteries and early divisions were noted. Duration of surgery and ischemic time were recorded intra-operatively. Data analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS version 20.ResultsThere were variations in renal artery configuration in 50 (50%) cases, 32% were accessory renal arteries while 18% were early branches of the renal artery. The classical bilateral solitary renal arteries were found in 50 (50%) of potential donors. There was statistically significant longer operating and ischemic time in donors with multiple renal arteries as compared with solitary arteries (p<0.05).ConclusionThere are a wide variety of renal artery configurations seen in potential kidney donors. The classical solitary renal artery remains the commonest and most favourable configuration for donor nephrectomy and transplantation.     

人肠系膜动脉多层螺旋CT成像及其解剖对照

目的 利用多层螺旋CT人肠系膜动脉成像与尸体标本上观察的肠系膜动脉进行对照,测量评价肠系膜动脉。方法 选取正常人230例,腹部多层螺旋CT增强扫描,将图像进行后处理、三维重建后观测肠系膜动脉,然后对正常肠系膜动脉的多层螺旋CT图像与尸体解剖标本的肠系膜动脉进行分析比较。结果 1. 活体扫描成像测量人肠系膜动脉,其管径明显大于尸体标本肠系膜动脉测量值（P<0.05）; 2. 肠系膜上动脉和肠系膜下动脉起始位置、分支类型及走行与已有尸体标本的资料结果有较大的差异; 3. 不同的重建方法各有其优越性,其中,STS-MIP重建能较好地显示肠系膜动脉分支的级别。结论 多层螺旋CT增强扫描,通过工作站三维重建能较好地显示肠系膜动脉,并对其进行科学评价,其数据可靠,并可以进行大样本的测量研究。     

经皮穿股血管插管有关的应用解剖

在100具成尸标本上,观测了股动脉起点处各结构与髂前上棘至耻骨结节间径、髂前上棘至耻骨联合间径的位置关系。结果提示:经皮穿刺股动脉插管时,应以髂前上棘至耻骨联合间径中点进针为宜,行股神经阻滞麻醉时,应以髂前上棘至耻骨结节间径中点处进针为宜。     

256层螺旋CT肾动脉成像观察副肾动脉解剖结构

目的　探讨256层螺旋CT血管成像技术（CTA）显示副肾动脉解剖结构的应用价值。 方法　收集115例行腹部动脉CT血管造影检查患者资料,记录每侧副肾动脉的有无、支数及其直径、长度和入肾部位,比较副肾动脉解剖特点的差异。 结果　副肾动脉有Ⅰ支型、Ⅱ支型及Ⅳ支型。左侧副肾动脉发现率＞右侧,有统计学差异。男性副肾动脉发现率＞女性,有统计学差异。副肾动脉的直径在性别及侧别的差异无统计学意义。在上下极不同部位入肾时差异有统计学意义,上极入肾者多见。 结论　256层螺旋CT可以清晰显示副肾动脉的解剖结构,为临床诊断提供更为简便、准确的辅助检查。     

256层螺旋CT肾动脉成像观察副肾动脉解剖结构

目的　探讨256层螺旋CT血管成像技术（CTA）显示副肾动脉解剖结构的应用价值。 方法　收集115例行腹部动脉CT血管造影检查患者资料,记录每侧副肾动脉的有无、支数及其直径、长度和入肾部位,比较副肾动脉解剖特点的差异。 结果　副肾动脉有Ⅰ支型、Ⅱ支型及Ⅳ支型。左侧副肾动脉发现率＞右侧,有统计学差异。男性副肾动脉发现率＞女性,有统计学差异。副肾动脉的直径在性别及侧别的差异无统计学意义。在上下极不同部位入肾时差异有统计学意义,上极入肾者多见。 结论　256层螺旋CT可以清晰显示副肾动脉的解剖结构,为临床诊断提供更为简便、准确的辅助检查。     

Effect of age on substance P levels in the rat mesenteric artery and vein

The content of substance P in the vasculature of Fischer 344 rats 6 to 27 months of age was determined by radioimmunoassay. Substance P could not be measured in the subclavian vein, femoral artery and vein or cerebral arteries of 6 month old rats. Levels of substance P in the mesenteric artery and vein of 6 month old rats averaged 4.8 +/- 1.0 and 8.3 +/- 1.8 pmole/g wet weight (n = 6-7), respectively. At 20 months of age, substance P levels in the vein were significantly increased. At 27 months, levels of substance P in both mesenteric artery and vein were increased to almost twice the values found in younger animals. This increased substance P content could reflect increased nerve density, or, more likely, an increased substance P content in each nerve ending. In the latter case, it is not possible to distinguish between increased content due to decreased nerve activity or increased content which would result in increased amounts of substance P released with each nerve impulse.     

The clinical anatomy of the posterior gastric artery revisited

A consensus concerning the incidence, course and distribution of the posterior gastric artery (PGA) has yet to be reached. Recent literature has explored and subsequently demonstrated the importance of the identification of this vessel in surgical procedures such as subtotal gastrectomy, splenectomy and pancreatic transplantation. The gross anatomy of the PGA was examined in 120 adult human cadavers. The PGA was identified as that artery which provided the predominant arterial supply to the posterior wall of the superior portion of the gastric body near the cardiac region and fundus. A PGA was identified in 81.6% of specimens. The most common origin of the PGA was from the left gastric artery (type I), occurring in 41.8% of specimens. In decreasing order of prevalence, were origins from the splenic artery (Type II), occurring in 25.5%; from both the left gastric and splenic arteries as double PGAs (Type III) in 22.4%; and from the celiac trunk (Type IV) occurring in 10.2%. The importance of accurate delineation of the PGA is crucial for pancreatic transplantation and gastric tumor removal. In addition, knowledge of variations in this vessel’s origin could prove useful in transcatheter arterial embolization for the treatment of chronic bleeding from gastric ulcers. Furthermore, ligation of this vessel during partial gastrectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy, and parietal cell vagotomy may result in gastric wall necrosis and gastric stump leak.     

Laparoscopic detection of aberrant left hepatic artery: a prospective study in 300 consecutive patients

Laparoscopic gastric banding comprises the systematic section of the pars flaccida and condensa of the lesser omentum. Aberrant left hepatic arteries (ALHA) originating from the left gastric artery are located in the pars condensa of the lesser omentum. The aim of the present work was to study aberrant left hepatic artery rate in a prospective series of patients operated on for morbid obesity using laparoscopic gastric banding. Between October 2001 and December 2003, a monocentric prospective study of 300 consecutive patients operated on for morbid obesity was carried out. There were 245 women and 55 men with a mean age of 39±11 years. Preoperative weight was 123±18 kg, mean size was 166±9 cm and preoperative mean BMI was 44.5±5.6 kg m⁻² . Data were collected intraoperatively using a questionnaire submitted to the surgeon with patient and ALHA characteristics. The ALHA were detected in 102 patients (34%): one ALHA in 100 cases (98%) and two ALHA in two cases (2%). The ALHA diameter was estimated by comparison using laparoscopic instruments. The median ALHA diameter was 2 mm (0.5–13). A diameter ≥3 mm was observed in 47 patients (16%) and ≤1 mm in 23 patients (8%). The ALHA presence and/or size were not correlated with patient age, BMI or clinical characteristics. Using laparoscopic detection, ALHA rate (34%) was higher than in the main previously reported series. This higher ALHA rate was not related to the patient age, weight or BMI but seems to be due to the great sensitivity of this approach.