Buckling of ring stiffened domes under external hydrostatic pressure

The paper reports on the buckling of three ring-stiffened prolate domes under external hydrostatic pressure. The study was partly theoretical and partly experimental, where in the case of the latter, the finite element was used. Comparison between experiment and theory was good. The effect of ring stiffening the domes was to increase their buckling resistances by factors varying from 4.43 to 5.72.     

Plastic buckling of ring-stiffened conical shells under external hydrostatic pressure

The paper describes experimental tests carried out on three ring-stiffened cones that were tested to destruction under external hydrostatic pressure. The cones were carefully machined from EN1A Steel. All three cones failed by plastic non-symmetric bifurcation buckling in a mode commonly known as general instability. In this mode the entire ring-shell combination buckles bodily.The paper also provides a design chart using the results obtained from these three vessels, together with the results of six other vessels obtained from other tests. The design chart allows the possibility of obtaining a plastic knock down factor, so that the theoretical buckling pressures, based on elastic theory, can be divided by the plastic knockdown factor, to give the predicted buckling pressure. This method can also be used for the design of full-scale vessels.     

Inelastic buckling of thick-walled circular conical shells under external hydrostatic pressure

The paper reports on a theoretical and an experimental study into the collapse of three thick-walled circular conical shells, which were tested to failure under external hydrostatic pressure. All three vessels failed by plastic non-symmetric bifurcation buckling. Two theoretical analyses were carried out, both based on the finite element method. One of the theoretical analyses was based on inelastic non-symmetric bifurcation buckling and the other analysis was based on plastic axisymmetric buckling. Both of these theoretical analysis and the experimental observations appeared to indicate that there is a link between plastic non-symmetric bifurcation buckling and plastic axisymmetric buckling.     

The buckling of GRP hemi-ellipsoidal dome shells under external hydrostatic pressure

The paper reports on a theoretical and an experimental investigation into six GRP hemi-ellipsoidal dome shells, which were tested to destruction under external hydrostatic pressure. All six domes were of oblate shape and of three different aspect ratios. Each aspect ratio consisted of two dome shells, one made from two layers of glass fibre and one made from three layers of glass fibre. The theoretical analysis was via the finite element method where a non-linear theory was used which allowed for both geometrical and material non-linearity. Comparison between theory and experiment was good.     

The buckling of plastic oblate hemi-ellipsoidal dome shells under external hydrostatic pressure

The paper presents a theoretical and an experimental investigation into the buckling of seven oblate hemi-ellipsoidal dome shells under external hydrostatic pressure. Four of the shells were made in glass reinforced plastic and three were made from a thermosetting plastic called solid urethane plastic. All the vessels were tested to destruction. The theoretical study was made with the aid of a non-linear finite element solution, where both geometrical and material non-linearity were allowed for. Good agreement was found between experiment and theory for all the vessels. The very oblate domes failed axisymmetrically. Theoretical convergence was good for the more oblate domes but it was not as good as for the less oblate domes. This may have been because the less oblate domes did not fail in a classical axisymmetric manner as was expected. This work is of much importance in ocean engineering.     

The buckling and vibration of tube-stiffened axisymmetric shells under external hydrostatic pressure

The paper reports on a theoretical and an experimental investigation into the buckling and vibration of prolate hemi-ellipsoidal tube-stiffened domes under external water pressure. The theoretical analyses were via the finite element method, where both the fluid and the structure were modelled with finite elements. The dome was modelled with a varying meridional curvature element and with eight displacement degrees of freedom and the water was modelled by solid annular elements where each element had eight pressure degrees of freedom in its cross-section. Comparison was good between experiment and theory.     

周向变刚度环肋圆柱壳应力分析研究

采用大曲率梁理论和弹性基础梁带理论,建立潜艇特殊舱段结构的力学模型。利用能量法求出肋位处耐压船体壳板中面周向应力。建立环肋圆柱壳微分方程并根据边界条件求解,得到周向变刚度环肋圆柱壳应力计算方法。通过理论分析和模型试验验证了本计算方法。     

The buckling of a corrugated carbon fibre cylinder under external hydrostatic pressure

A theoretical and an experimental investigation was carried out, where a carbon fibre corrugated circular cylinder was tested to destuction under external hydrostatic pressure. The theoretical investigation was via the finite element method, where the structure was modelled with several orthotropic axisymmetric thin-walled shell elements. The experimental observations were aided with strategically placed strain gauges. Comparison between theory and experiment showed that the experimentally observed buckling pressure was a little lower than the theoretical prediction. This may have been due to the fact that the model had slight initial geometrical imperfections in the circumferenential direction.     

地震时壳体内外的异重流体压力

从柱座标系下的势流方程出发，推导了异重流体在谐振情况下的势流方程的解，得到了柱内外与环域中的异重流体压力的理论计算公式。给出了壳体内外表面压力系数的计算式。依据所推公式进行了计算，绘制了曲线图，曲线显示了合理的变化趋势。     

Postbuckling of shear deformable stiffened anisotropic laminated cylindrical shell under axial compression

A postbuckling analysis is presented for a shear deformable anisotropic laminated cylindrical shell with stiffener of finite length subjected to axial compression. The material of each layer of the shell is assumed to be linearly elastic, anisotropic and fiber-reinforced. The governing equations are based on a higher order shear deformation shell theory with von Kármán-Donnell-type of kinematic nonlinearity and including the extension/twist, extension/flexural and flexural/twist couplings. The ‘smeared stiffener’ approach is adopted for the beam stiffeners. This arrangement allows the beam stiffeners to be assembled directly into the global stiffness matrix. The nonlinear prebuckling deformations and initial geometric imperfections of the shell are both taken into account. A singular perturbation technique is employed to determine the buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths. The numerical illustrations concern the postbuckling response of perfect and imperfect, grid, axial, ring stiffened, and unstiffened shells. The results confirm that there exists a compressive stress along with an associate shear stress and twisting when the anisotropic shell is subjected to axial compression. The postbuckling equilibrium path is unstable for the moderately thick cylindrical shell under axial compression and the stiffened shell structure is imperfection-sensitive.     

Collapse of dome cup ends under external hydrostatic pressure

An experimental investigation was carried out in which four dome cup ends were tested to failure under external hydrostatic pressure. The collapse pressures of the dome cup ends were compared with that of a conventional dome cap end. The investigation revealed that the dome cup ends were structurally more efficient than the conventional dome cap ends. All the vessels were made from the same batch of glass fibre matting and associated material.     

球柱壳耐压舱体极限承载力研究

耐压舱设计是水下机器人的核心技术之一,其极限承载力研究是核心中的核心。针对球壳封盖加柱形壳体耐压舱,现行标准对于初始导入缺陷数值的确定往往过于保守,对于耐压舱体数量较多的无人潜水器来说,过大的设计质量是总体设计所无法接受的。首先采用装配体整体建模策略,建立复合屈曲的受力模型,将三大非线性影响因素同时引入到极限承载力研究中,提升了计算精度。然后分别针对确定性缺陷和非确定性缺陷结构开展极限承载力研究。最后,提出以0.23%的初始缺陷导入尺度作为球壳封盖加圆柱壳体的耐压壳体缺陷导入参数,给出了导入尺度的计算方法,并借助水压试验对上述参数的准确性进行验证。     

纵横加筋圆锥壳振动特性多变量分析

为了全面掌握纵横加筋圆锥壳结构参数与其振动特性之间的关系,采用有限元软件ANSYS对纵横加筋圆锥壳进行参数化建模,并基于设计变量全组合数据,采用相关性分析、主效应分析和主成分分析方法,对纵横加筋圆锥壳结构参数与结构第一阶总体弯曲模态频率、激励力处的加速度响应总级以及结构质量之间的关系进行研究,得到了各结构参数与目标量之间关系的定量描述。为正确理解纵横加筋圆锥壳结构参数与振动特征量之间的关系提供了数据支撑,同时为此类结构的工程设计提供了参考依据。     

Vibration of a thin-walled prolate dome under external water pressure

The paper reports on a theoretical and an experimental investigation carried out on a thin-walled hemi-ellipsoidal prolate dome in air and also under external water pressure. The investigation found that there was good correlation between experiment and theory. The theoretical investigation was carried out using the finite element analysis to model both the structure and the fluid. The theoretical investigation used two different programs, one of which was the giant computer program ANSYS and the other was an in-house program developed by Ross. For the shell structure, the ANSYS program used 2 different doubly curved thin-walled shell elements, while the in-house program used a simpler axisymmetric thin-walled shell element. This axisymmetric element allowed a sinusoidal variation of the displacements in the circumferential direction, thus, decreasing preparation and computational time. Agreement between the 3 different finite elements was found to be good. This was found particularly encouraging for the in-house software, as it only took a few hours to set up the computer model, and a few seconds to analyse the vessel, whereas the ANSYS software took several weeks to set up the computer model, and several minutes to analyse the shell dome. The ANSYS software, however, did have the advantage in producing excellent graphical displays in both the pre-processing and post-processing modes.     

Inelastic instability of circular corrugated cylinders under external hydrostatic pressure

The paper presents an experimental study on six circular corrugated cylinders which were tested to destruction under external hydrostatic pressure. The results obtained from these vessels, together with the results obtained from elsewhere, were used to provide a design chart. The design chart appears to be suitable for designing these vessels to guard against inelastic instability.     

功肋圆柱壳结构壳板稳定性研究

讨论了环肋圆柱壳壳板稳定性解析法与有限元法计算结果的差异，分析了造成差异的原因，给出了对解析法公式的修正方法。     

环肋圆柱壳结构壳板稳定性研究

讨论了环肋圆柱壳壳板稳定性解析法与有限元法计算结果的差异,分析了造成差异的原因,给出了对解析法公式的修正方法。     

Inelastic shell instability of thin-walled circular cylinders under external hydrostatic pressure

This paper reports on experimental work carried out on nine thin-walled circular cylinders which were tested to destruction under external hydrostatic pressure. Seven of the cylinders failed through non-symmetric bifurcation buckling and two failed through axisymmetric collapse. The results were used from these tests, together with the results from other experiments, to produce a design chart which could be used for designing against the occurence of elastic and inelastic shell instability.     

The vibration of a large ring-stiffened prolate dome under external water pressure

The paper presents a theoretical and an experimental investigation into the free vibration of a large ring-stiffened prolate dome in air and under external water pressure.The theoretical investigation was via the finite element method where a solid fluid mesh with an isoparametric cross-section was used to model the water surrounding the dome, and a truncated conical shell and ring stiffener were used to model the structure. Good agreement was found between theory and experiment. Both the theory and the experiment found that as the external water pressure was increased the resonant frequencies decreased.     

Elastic instability of thin cylindrical shells: Numerical and experimental investigation

Thin walled cylinders under external pressure may be affected by instability phenomena particularly dangerous when taking place in the elastic domain. Geometric imperfections caused by fabrication processes heavily influence the critical pressure. In order to investigate the relationship between the collapse mechanism and the various types of imperfections affecting this kind of structures a series of experimental tests on scale models has been carried out. The dimensional parameters of the specimens have been selected in order to keep the instability phenomenon in the elastic range. At the same time numerical calculations simulating the experimental tests have been performed by finite element method. The geometrical defects measured on the specimens were introduced in the correspondent numerical models. A good agreement was found in the comparison between experimental and numerical results.